. . . . .
| 02.08.2015 | |
| 102,9 K |
. ,
, , , , .
ʤ ͡Tomeru nante yaru wane. " " () [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
ˤ褫ä͡˽⤦줷Hontoni yokatta wane, watasimo uresii wa! " , " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
աѧУؤޤAsita, gakko:e ikimasen wa. " " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
no, , . : ӤһwˤΥեؤ褯ΣReikosanto issyoni ano kafee yoku ikuno? " ?" ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009]. ӡɤФΣAkiko, dokoni iku no? ", ?" ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009]. no : ɤΤIǤäΣDotirano go sitsugyo:de irassyaruno? " ?" [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
, , : ΣAsita kuru no? " ?" ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
- yo , , , . . , , . :
@Τϡܤͬ衣Odoroita nowa bokumo onaji da yo. " , " () [Akagawa, 1987].
ʤϤ_˼äƤޤ衣Anatawa ii tomodati to omotteimasu yo. " " ( ) [Akagawa, 1987].
yo , . ʤϤҤɤ衣Anatawa hidoi yo. " !" ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
ne . , . , . , . ne wa. :줤͡Kirei wane. "". .., c wane [, 1989; 12].
- na , , . , . , , , , , [. : , 1984; 66].
졢ޤʤ郎ޤޤԤʤ顢¤ˤ⤷ޤʤʡKore, omaetati, sonna wagamamawo iunara, syo:gatsuni otosidama yaranai kara na. ", , " ( ) [Akagawa, 1987].
ޤꡢߤˤʤΤϤޤʡAmari, onomini naru nowa ikemasen na. " " ( ) [Akagawa, 1987].
na ʤnasai, ä㤤irassyai kudasai.
äȴäƤʡTyotto matte kudasai. " " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
2.4
2.4.1
, , . . , , . . . , :
. o 褴go, san 褵sama - .
褪o 褴go . , . . , : , , , .. : oheya "", otya " ", L ofuro '''', okane '''', otenki '''', okesyo: '''', okyaku '''', osyo: gatsu '' ''. , .
:
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͵bento: |
͵o-bento: |
|
|
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Tsenmon |
Tgo-senmon |
||
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kane |
o-kane |
||
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Ϥhasi |
Ϥo-hasi |
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ȡȤ˽Ƥ͡Kondo, okanewo kakiru tokini watasini kiite ne. " , , , " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
ʤҪǤϤʤOkane nanka hitsuyo: zanai wa. " " ( ) [Akagawa, 1987].
Lդ˽J衣Gomen, raisyuno doyo:bini kanewo kasu yo. ", " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
͵ϤɤǤObentowa do: desuka. " ?" ( ). ͵Ore no bento. " !" ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
, . , , okane : ͡˽ΤۤSo:ne, watasitati, okane nohoga " " ( ) [Akagawa, 1987].
, . , ߤmizu -Ҥohiya: "", n tsukemono - oko:ko: "", ᤷmesi - Ϥ gohan: "". , Ҥohiya: "" 褪oko:ko: ".
:
1) , , : ΤԒʤSenseino ohanasiwo kiite kudasai. " " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
2) , , : ԤhMinasan, oko:giga ii. ", " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
3) , : ˤּɤSenseini otegamiwo watasita. " " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
4) : ԤˤԒMinasanni ohanasiwo sita. " " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
5) , , : ĸȤꤢޤ͡A, oka:san, toriaezu oryo:riwo dasimasu ne ", " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
6) , . , ؤ Omamori "".
" , , , , [, 1999; 73]".
, , . , , , o 褴go. , , - . .
. - [. , 1983]: Ǥ desu ޤ masu, Ǥ desu ޤ masu Ǥޤ de gozaimasu. - . - , , . . äƤߤ yatte mita 뤷Ƥߤޤ site mimasita, Ƥߤޤ itasite mimasita, .
, . , Ƥ teiru Ƥ teru, Ƥޤätesimatta ä tyatta.
, . . . , . , , , , .
2.5
, . , , . : - - . , . , () (). . , , , , . . " , . , [, 1994; 74]".
:
1) , , - ):
ääơ줤Ԓޤ Sassoku kaetekite, Reikosanni hanasimasita. " " [Akagawa, 1987].
ȫȻ֪ʤˤǤ Iie, zenzen siranai hito desita. ", " [Akagawa, 1987].
ΡäƤߤ Kino, yattemita wa. " " [Akagawa, 1987].
ȤҪǤϤʤ衣 Sorewo toru hitsuyo: dewanai yo. " " [Akagawa, 1987].
2) , , ga "" kedo "" . :
Ǥ⤴ʤɡ Demo gosyo: mo: nara dasu kedo. " , " [Akagawa, 1987].
ϤǤʤʤɡ Atomodoriwa dekinakunaru daro: kedo. ", " [Akagawa, 1987].
Onakaga suita n daga. " " [Akagawa, 1987].
֤Ȥ⤦ɤ͡ Tabun, kore da to omou kedo ne. ", , " [Akagawa, 1987].
3) , . , :
ˤΤȤЦΤˤơĤˤơˤ餷ƅ Hitono kotowo warai mononi site, katsujini site, sekenni sara site" , , " [Akagawa, 1987]
줤ȤȄe褦ȤƤƤ Reiko, saikin, otokoto wakareyo: to sitete ie. " , " [Akagawa, 1987].
ϤʤФƤΤǤʤΣ Hanataba zo: teiga nanide dame nano? " , " [Akagawa, 1987].
4) - - , :
ǤäƤ Iin desuka! Kore morattemo" ? " [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
Ȥ줿ʤäΣŮ! Takesiwo toraretaku nakatta no! Anna onnani!" ! !" [Akagawa, 1987].
, . , " [, 1994; 52]".
, , , , :
Τäˤϡ? Sono Takesi tte hitowa, imawa?" , ?". Ӥ_ȻᤦΤϡƤǤ Akikono tomodatito au nowa, hajimete desuka?" ? " [Akagawa, 1987].
. , " . [Shibamoto, 1985; 30, Abe, 1993; 16]".
() ʹˤФΤ (Karewa) sukosiwa itai me ni aeba ii no yo. " () , " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
Ώ()ߤƤ Atasino tsuyoi kotow (o) misete yaru. " " ( ) [Ryota Azuma, 2009].
. , , . , , - , . , " , . , [Abe, 1993; 19-26]".
, , , , . , .. , 1980; . , 1994; . , 1959; . , 1983.
. , - . , . , - , . . , , . , . . , - . , - Ǥ desu ޤ masu, .
. , , . . - . , , , , . , , . . . , . - "" "", . , , "" "" . , , , , . , , . , .
. , , , , , . , , , , , . , .
.
.
, . , . , . . .
- . . . , , , , . , . . , . - , . , .
. , , , . , , . . - , .
. , - . , .
, , , . . .
, . , .
1. .., 1- 2- // . " ", "", , 1980
2. .., .., // . 3, "", , 1980, .58-68
3. .., . , , 1988
4. ., ( . ), :, 1989
5. .., , - , , 1986
6. ., ( ), 1982
7. ., ( ) II 3-2, "", 1990
8. ., ( ), : : :, 1994
9. ., : ( ), :, 1983
10. .., - , - " ", , 1989
11. ., : : ( - ), , 1999
12. ., ( - - ) // 15, , , 1994
13. .., , - " ", , 1998
14. Abe ., The speech of urban professional Japanese women ( ), Ann Arbor, Ml; UMI, 1993
15. Kindaiti H., The Japanese language. Tokyo, 1978
16. Kindaiti Kyo: suke., Nihon no keigo ( ). Tokyo, 1959
17. Kramarae C., Women and Men Speaking. Newbury House Publishers, 1981.
18. Lakoff R., Language and Women's Place ( ). Harper and Row, New York: 1975
19. Makino S., Sexual Differentiation in Written Discourses - PJL. Vol.6, 1979
20. Martin S. E., A reference grammar of Japanese, Charles E. Tuttle Company, Japan, 1988
21.miller R. A., The Japanese language ( ), Charles E. Tuttle Company, Japan, 1980
22. Nakajima Etsuko., "!" to "ii sa shi" no darake no josei shuukanshi. Onna to kotoba. Endoo Orie (ed.). Tokyo: Akaishi-shoten, 2001
23. Nakamura Momoko., Onnakotoba wa tsukurareru. Tokyo: hitsuji-shoboo. 2007
24. Norwich (, ), Language in Society 1, 1972
25. Nomoto Kikuo, Utsukushii keigo ( ). Tokyo, 1972
26. Ogino ., Quantification of politeness ( ) // International Journal of the Sociology of Language, Mouton de Gniyter, Berlin-New York-Amsterdam, 1986
27. Shibamoto J. S., Japanese women's language ( ), Academic Press Inc, 1985
28. Trudgill, P. Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich (, ), Language in Society 1, 1972
1. Akagawa J., Kankonsogusai satsujin djiken, 1987
2. Ryota Azuma., Mo: so: garu, 2009
1. : , c, 1999.
2. : ( ), , 1984.
3. Sasaki Mizue. Otoko to onna no nihongo jiten. Vol.1-2. Tokyo: Tookyoodoo, 2000-2003
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