Contemporary business culture

Hinduism - the complex of beliefs, values, and customs comprising the dominant religion of India, characterized by the worship of many gods, including Brahma as supreme being, a caste system, belief in reincarnation, etc.

Individualism - a cultural value that places great emphasis on the independent thinker and appreciates and honors personal success over that of the group.

Intercultural communication is a form of global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communication problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them.

Islam - the religion of the Muslims, which was started by Mohammed.

Low-context culture - in low context cultures, such as Germany or the United much more is explained through words or verbalization, instead of the context. In a lower context culture, the communicator needs to be much more explicit and the value of a single word is less important.

Non-verbal communication - usually subtle gestures, facial expressions, posture, eye contact and body language that often subconsciously accompanies spoken communication and can reveal much about the true intensions of the communicator. Even silence is a form of non-verbal communication and can mean different things in different cultures.

Protocol - the form of etiquette and ceremony observed by businesspeople and diplomats during formal cross-cultural interaction.

Relationship-driven culture - a culture that relies on personal friendships and personal chemistry to do business. Because there is a lack of contract law, personal trust must be built into such a culture before any business can be conducted.

Strategy - the art or science of creating a plan using all the social, economic, political, legal, cultural and other forces available to achieve a goal.

Stereotype - a standardized image of a group that assigns that group a number of characteristics that helps to simplify a task of identification. Not all stereotypes are negative or incorrect.

Task-driven culture - a culture where business is conducted on an impersonal basis and is driven by the deal, not the participants. Because of the presence of the strong legal system, personal relationships are not needed to conduct business.

Time horizon the length of time the company or individual is willing to wait before a business deal begins to produce or make a profit. Shorter time horizons are linked to task driven cultures where capital bears high interest rates.

Uncertainty avoidance - a cultural value that dictates how individuals societies feel about and react to stability ambiguity and risk. This value is often seen in business organizations and views on employment.

Values - concepts that are important to a culture and influence social interactions or individual outlooks. The most basic value difference found in cultures is weather a society emphasizes individualism or collectivism.

Win-win - a negotiating strategy where both parties believe they will both drive equal benefit from a negotiation. It contrasts to a win-lose or zero sum strategy.

Zero sum game (win-lose) - the concept that one side's gain is directly offset by another side loss.

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