Abbreviation as one of the two types of shortening in modern english
The general notions of abbreviation in english. The history of abbreviations as long as phonetic script existed. The fashionable use of abbreviation - a kind of society slang. The importance of the issue for those who want to brush up on your English.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | курсовая работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 29.12.2014 |
| Размер файла | 42,4 K |
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CXO
Generic term for a corporate officer, such as a CEO (chief executive officer) or CFO (chief financial officer). Also: CxO.
SITCOM
Single Income, Two Children, Oppressive Mortgage. The natural evolution of upwardly-mobile couples who have children and then one spouse stops working to raise the kids.
YIMBY
A person who favors a project that would add a dangerous or unpleasant feature to his or her neighborhood. (Acronym from the phrase yes in my back yard.)Derivatives: -YIMBYist.n. -YIMBYism n.
HENRY
A person with a substantial income, but who is not yet wealthy. (From the phrase High Earner, Not Rich Yet.)
mung
Mash until no good; to change something so that it no longer works properly.
NEET
A young person who isn't working, in school, or in a training program. (From the phrase Not in employment, education, or training.)
CHAOS
Can't have anyone over syndrome; not inviting guests to one's house because it is too messy or cluttered.
MTBU
Maximum time to belly-up; the maximum number of days, weeks, or months that a company is expected to survive.
GOOMBY
A person who hopes for or seeks the removal of some dangerous or unpleasant feature from his or her neighborhood. --GOOMBYism (GOOM.bee.iz.um) noun. The attitude of such a person. Get Out of My Backyard
VUCA
Volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous
BRICs
The countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China viewed as a group of emerging economies with large potential markets. --adj.
MVVD
A person who consumes an excessive amount of alcohol while standing up. --adj. male volume vertical drinker
BANANA
Build absolutely nothing anywhere near anyone. A person who is opposed to new real estate development, particularly projects close to their neighbourhood. --adj.
JOOTT
An unexplained problem that resolves itself over time. (From the phrase just one of those things.)
NOTE
Not over there, either. A person or attitude that opposes new real estate development in the local community and is not open to compromise on this issue.
NEV
A neighborhood electric vehicle; a small electric car designed to travel at low speeds over short distances.
BHAG
An ambitious or difficult plan or goal. big, hairy, audacious goal.
kipper
An adult son or daughter, particularly one aged 30 or more, who still lives with his or her parents. --adj. From kids in parents' pockets eroding retirement savings.
33.DWB
abbr. Driving while black -- when a car is pulled over by a police officer for no other reason than the driver is black.
9/11
(nyn uh.lev.un)n. September 11, 2001, the date of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. --adj. Also:9-11.
CAVEs
A group of people who routinely oppose new real estate developments and other projects that they believe will harm their local area. Acronym based on the phrase citizens against virtually everything. Also: CAVE people or CAVE dwellers.
KGOY
The perceived notion that children of all ages are performing activites, particularly playing with toys, traditionally seen as being suitable for older children. (From Kids Getting Older Younger.)
NOPE
A person or attitude that opposes all real estate development or other projects that would harm the environment or reduce property values.
(Not on Planet Earth)
wombat
Something that is profoundly uninteresting and/or useless.
This sense of the word comes from the acronym WOMBAT: Waste Of Money Brains And Time.
P2P
(pee.too.pee)1.Peer-to-peer adj. Describes a network or other technology that enables users to trade files directly without requiring a central database or server.2.Person-to-person adj. Describes a payment service that enables one individual to pay another for an online transaction (such as an auction sale). 3.Path to profitability n. The strategy a company plans to implement to become profitable.
SWEDOW.
Unnecessary or inappropriate items donated to a charity organization or relief effort. (From the phrase Stuff WE DOn't Want.)
SARS
An acronym formed from the initial letters of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, the name of an infectious disease, caused by a coronavirus, that affects the respiratory system and can in some cases be fatal.
WAP
An acronym based on the initial letters of Wireless Application Protocol, a specification supporting the transfer of data(especially for Internet access, including text and images) to and from a hand-held wireless device, especially a mobile phone with suitable display panel.
C2C
Consumer-to-consumer; describes transactions in which a consumer sells a service or product directly to another consumer.[12]
Conclusion
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. Usually, but not always, it consists of a letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. The abbreviation is one of the main trends in development of Modern English, especially in its colloquial layer, which, in its turn at high degree is supported by development of modern informational technologies and simplification of alive speech.
Total review of the subject discussed
Having analyzed the problem of shortening of words in Modern English we could do the following conclusions:
a) The problem of shortened words in Modern English is very actual nowadays.
b) There are several kinds of shortening: shortening proper, blending, abbreviations.
c) A number of famous linguists dealt with the problem of shortening of words in Modern English. In particular, Profs. Ullmann and Broal emphasized the social reasons for shortening, L. Lipka pointed out non-binary contrast or many-member lexical sets and gave the type which he called directional opposition, V.N. Comissarov and Walter Skeat proved the link of homonymy influence with the appearing of shortened words, etc.
d) The problem of shortening is still waits for its detail investigation.
The way of applying of the work.
Having said about the perspectives of the work we hope that this work will find its worthy way of applying at schools, lyceums and colleges of high education by both teachers and students of English. We also express our hopes to take this work its worthy place among the lexicological works dedicated to the types of shortening.
Bibliography
1. Амандыкова Г. Н., Кабышева Л. М. Лексикология английского языка: учебник. -- Астана: Фолиант, 2008. -- 256 с.
2. Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В. English Lexicology. -- М.: Изд. дом "Дроф", 1999.-- 288 с.
3. Бабич Г. Н. Lexicology: A Current Guide. Лексикология английского языка: Уч. пособ. / Г. Н. Бабич.-- 5-е изд. -- М.: Флинта: Наука, 2010. --200 с.
4. Луцкевич В. А., Иванова А. А., Поташников Н. М., Самойлова И. А. Англо-русский словарь современных сокращений. English-Russian Dictionary of Modern Abbreviations. -- M.: Издательство "Русский язык", 2002. - 1056 c.
5. Ніколенко А. Г. Лексикологія англійської мови - теорія і практика. -- Вінниця: Нова Книга, 2007. -- 528 с.
6. Практический курс английского языка. 2 курс: учеб. Для студентов вузов/ (В. Д. Аракин и др.); под ред. В. А. Аракина. -- 7-е изд, доп. и испр. -- М.: Гуманитар. изд. Центр ВЛАДОС, 2005.-- 516с.
7. Adams V. Introduction into English Word-Formation / V. Adams. -- Lnd., 1983. -- 200 p.
8. Akhmanova O.S. Lexicology: Theory and Method. -- M. 1972
9. Arnold I.V. The English word. -- М.: Высшая школа, 1986. -- 295 с.
10. Canon G. Historical Changes and English Wordformation: New Vocabulary items. -- N.Y.,1986. -- 284 p.
11. Ginzburg R.S. A Course in Modern English Lexicology. -- М.: Высш. школа, 1979. -- 269 с.
12. Causes and tendencies of English abbreviations. - [Електронний ресурс] - Режим доступу:
http://gendocs.ru/v12499/causes_and_tendencies_of_english_abbreviations
13. Howard Ph. New words for Old. -- Lnd., 1980. -- 311 p.
14. Ingo Plag. Word-formation in English. -- Cambidge University Press, 2002 -- 264 p.
15. Maurer D.W., High F.C. New Words -- Where do they come from and where do they go. American Speech.,1982. --171 p.
16. Modern English Lexicology: Theory and Practice: [Учеб. пособие для гуманитар. вузов] / Э. М. Дубенец . -- М.: Глосса-Пресс, 2002. -- 196 с.
17. New Hart's Rules. The handbook of style for writers and editors. -- Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. --167 pp.
18. Schlauch Margaret. The English Language in Modern Times. -- Warszava, 1965. -- 342 p.
19. Yskakov A. Shortening words // English. - 2003. - Jan. № 4. - C. 23 - 31.
20. http//www.wordspy.com
21. http://www.wikipedia.com
22. http://kpfu.ru/docs/F1797492221/Lectures.on.Le_icology1.pdf
23. http://www.neatorama.com/2007/11/26/origins-of-common-abbreviations/
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