Functioning of compound antonyms in modern English
Lexico-semantic features of antonyms in modern English. The concept of polarity of meaning. Morphological and semantic classifications of antonyms. Differences of meaning of antonyms. Using antonyms pair in proverbs and sayings. Lexical meaning of words.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | курсовая работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 05.10.2011 |
| Размер файла | 43,0 K |
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- stable, invariable features - intension (родитель, женского пола)
a female parent - intension
Intension is some notion formed by class distinctions, always stable & invariable.
Extensions in this case are:
biological mother ; step-mother; mother-in-law; motherland; surrogate mother; godmother
It is the range of applicability (применимость), always variable & individual. ship
- intension: a vehicle used for moving on water
- extension: passenger ship ; sailing ship; battle ship (военный корабль) man of war
cargo ship.
Antonyms are words which have in their meaning a qualitative feature & can, therefore, be regarded as semantically opposite.
Unlike synonyms, antonyms do not differ stylistically. - some scholars; - moot (дискуссионный, спорный) question, controversial.
Conversives (or conversive pairs), which are not antonyms but are semantically opposed. Conversives denote one & the same situation, but viewed from different points of view. In most cases, conversives are verbs.
Завещать - наследовать ; давать - брать; жениться - выходить замуж; продавать - покупать.
Конверсивные признаки взаимно предполагают друг друга в отличие от антонимов.
Короткий- длинный - антонимы
Продавать - покупать - конверсивы:
1. Т.к. А является коротким не потому, что В является длинным
2. А является покупателем, т.к. В является продавцом (взаимно предполагают друг друга).
Природа конверсивности иная, чем антонимия
Exciting - excited - conversives
Amusing - amused - conversives
Антонимы - симметричны, конверсивы - несимметричны.
Курбякова и Кацнельсон:
4 критерия:
1). Субстантивность, предикатность
Ex.: darkness - light dark - light hatred - love often - seldom cry - laughter to cry - to laugh male - female
Вещные и признаковые у Никитина
2). Статичность, динамичность static - dynamic
Ex.: man - woman arrival - departure evil - good increase - decrease
3). Приватность, эквиполентность privacy - equipollency
Привативная оппозиция характеризуется наличием признака одного члена и отсутствием у другого. Ex.:
poverty - wealth (количественные у Никитина); lie - truth
Эквиполентная оппозиция один член характеризуется одним признаком, другой член - другим признаком, соотносящемуся с первым. Ex.:
man - woman (качественные у Никитина); cry - laughter; hatred - love
4). Бинарность, градуальность: binary - gradual v v только › 2 членов 2 члена
Ex.: бинарность lie - truth (contradictory у Никитина) arrive - depart male - female градуальность to hate - not to hate - to be indifferent - to love
Ex.: old - young How old are you? marked unmarked Not: How young are you?
Not all antonyms show this marked/unmarked distinction.
Equipollent (equal) - both members are logically equal, each of them has a feature opposite to the feature of the other member of the opposition.
Никитин: one-root - derivational antonyms different roots - absolute antonyms.
There are more illustrative materials were used, but we have chosen this one, as the most bright examples in Russian. We don't mention other source found during investigation because of limited requirements to the Course Paper.
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