Automation of business processes in hospitals
Technical and economic characteristics of medical institutions. Development of an automation project. Justification of the methods of calculating cost-effectiveness. General information about health and organization safety. Providing electrical safety.
| Рубрика | Программирование, компьютеры и кибернетика |
| Вид | дипломная работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 14.05.2014 |
| Размер файла | 3,7 M |
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Figure 2.15 Class diagram of the project (Controller)
Figure 2.16 Class diagram of the project (Model, additional classes and scripts)
The next two diagrams describe other subsystems in detail of the system. The first one is the relation between the repository and entity framework.
Figure 2.17 Relation between repository and entity framework
Figure 2.18 Code first realization of the system
3 EXPERIMENTAL PART
In this part practical examples of the system are demonstrated. This part is intended to describe real examples for user and show the interface of the system. Demonstration and validation of the developed system was carried out to test it. The experimental part was divided into three parts, such as a demonstration of the “Manager” functions, “Patient” features and “Doctor” user functions. At the first order is “Manager” functions:
3.1 “Manager” type user functions
At the beginning of the each subpart the main page of the users is shown. From this point the other functions will be shown.
Figure 3.1.1 “Government” user main page
The images below the functions are linked with “organization” object. Organization is a type of medical center e.g. hospital, polyclinic and so forth. Now let's create a new organization and see all created organization and the created new organization too.
Figure 3.1.2 Creating a new organization
After creating a new organization, it will be seen in the drop down list below. Moreover it is possible to get details of the selected organization by clocking “Get organization details” button.
Figure 3.1.3 The result after creating the organization
Figure 3.1.4 Assigning a chief doctor for an organization.
3.2 “Patient” type user functions
This main page is “Patient” user's page. So, let's test this object functions.
Figure 3.2.1 “Patient” user main page
3.2.1 Giving access to organization
This function is created for the following case: when the patient is going to go to any organization patient has to give an access for selected organization in order to view his medical card and make some operations. This function is with aim of security. In such way patient can protect his data from other unfamiliar organizations, doctors or other staffs.
Figure 3.2.2 Selecting the city in order to get organization list
At the image below you see “Give access” button. The functionality of this button is giving a permission to view the data of patient medical card for the selected organization.
Figure 3.2.3 Giving an access for the selected organization
3.2.2 Medical card functions
This is a medical card when the authorized patient opens his medical card. However, if a doctor opens a patient medical card the page will be a little bit different from this. The page is shown at the last subpart.
Figure 3.2.4 Medical card when patient opened
The next three figures show detailed information of the following objects:
- illness
- reference
- appointment
In addition to creating function patient or doctor are allowed to do some more another actions such as read feedbacks from doctors who had considered while creating this illness, reference or appointment. Each illness and reference cannot be created without appointments. The added appointments are base of the illness and reference i.e. the doctor created it basing on these appointments.
The next function exists only at illness details page. It has medicine list which was appointed to the patient in order to treat and possible to get medicine details also.
Figure 3.2.5 The selected illness details in the patient medical card
The next function exists only at reference details page. The reference details page has another function which is downloading an image if it exists. It is useful because it is accessible to use the image several times. Also, patients or doctors are able to read feedback to this reference. Feedback can be added only by doctors who have access to do this action.
Figure 3.2.6 The selected reference details in the patient medical card
The next function exists only at appointment details page. The appointment details page has only one function which is getting feedback from doctors. Actually feedbacks are created in order to make some notes for people i.e. doctors who will read these feedbacks before making an action.
Figure 3.2.7 The selected appointment details in the patient medical card
3.3 “Doctor” type user functions
This main page is “Doctor” user's page. This object has the most amount of functions i.e. the key object in the system.
Figure 3.3.1 “Doctor” user main page
3.3.1 Creating a departments and view departments list in a hospital
The images below are the functions linked with “department” object. Department is sections of one medical center. Now let's create a new department and see all created departments and the created new department also.
Figure 3.3.2 Creating a new department for hospital
At the next page user can get all departments in the selected organization. Moreover user can get more specific details of the selected department by clicking “Get department details” button.
Figure 3.3.3 The created department
3.3.2 Getting all doctors who works in an organization
The image below demonstrates the list of doctors. The list contains of doctors who are working at the hospital.
Figure 3.3.4 All doctors list in a hospital
The function below is an assigning department for a doctor. A doctor can be assigned only to one department.
Figure 3.3.5 Assigning a department for the selected doctor
3.3.3 Getting all patients who registered in the organization. Creating medical card for patient
This image below demonstrates the list of patients. The list contains of patients who was registered in this hospital. Other organizations cannot create a medical card for this patient.
Figure 3.3.6 Getting all patients who registered in the organization
Figure 3.3.7 Creating medical card
3.3.4 Realizing requests from patients. Treating activities
The request list below is a patient request who wants this organization surveys him. After survey, the patient can close this access for the organization. This is one of the new features of the system.
Figure 3.3.8 List of request from patients
The page below is the case when a doctor opened patient's medical card. There are three functions which differentiate from the case when patient opens his medical card.
Figure 3.3.9 Medical card when doctor opened
The figure below is creating a new illness in patient medical card. In order to complete this action a doctor has to add at least one existing appointment from the appointment drop down list. In addition to this a doctor can add some feedbacks as well as appoint some medicines. However it is optional activities.
Figure 3.3.10 Making diagnosis for patient
The figure below is creating a new reference in patient medical card. In order to complete this action a doctor also has to add at least one existing appointment from the appointment drop down list. In addition to this a doctor can add some feedbacks as well as upload necessary image e.g. cardio image and so on. However they are optional activities.
The last figure below is creating a new appointment in patient medical card. While creating a new appointment doctor also can add some feedbacks.
Figure 3.3.11 Creating a reference for patient
Figure 3.3.12 Creating a new appointment
4 SUBSTANTIATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
4.1 Selection and justification of the methods of calculating cost-effectiveness
Evaluation of economic efficiency of an IT project is an essential part of its feasibility study. In general, there are three main groups of methods to determine the effect of the introduction: financial, qualitative and probabilistic. Each method, financial or non-financial, has its disadvantages. It is clear that automation is a delicate process and not in every business process we can estimate the effect of financial component. That is why in order to more fully illustrate the final effect of the introduction of IT systems we are forced to use the methods of non-financial analysis, in addition to financing methods. The usage of all three groups of the methods eventually lead us to the correct assessment of the effectiveness of IT systems [9]. The most frequently used three basic financial methods for determining IT investment:
- NPV (net present value)
- IRR (internal rate of return)
- Payback period
We will calculate calculation of indicators of economic efficiency based on the payback period of development because information technology will not improve itself the position of organization in the market and do not provide a direct economic benefit.
4.2 Calculation of economic efficiency of the project
Introduction of the IT system affects the final financial and economic performance of health center directly across the technology. IT provides the management staff with new technologies instead of improving the market position of organization. The efficiency of their use depends on how good the possibility of IT technology to the business opportunities of organization.
The effectiveness of introduction of automated information system is caused by the influence of factors of various informational, economic and organizational characters.
Informational efficiency factor is expressed in raising awareness of staff i.e. fast access to the information resources.
The economic factor is manifested in the fact that accounting information having full and timely reflection and the state of the object and the factors influencing its development ultimately aims to improve the utilization of productive resources.
Organizing effect is manifested in the release of employees from routine operations to organize and group credentials, numerous calculations and entries in the registers and other documentation, verification performance, thereby increasing the time to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of management decisions or something like that.
Experience automating complex tasks showed that in the process of automation of activities achieves reduction in complexity of individual operations, increase productivity and improve the working conditions of individual workers, increase efficiency of decision-making, the reliability of output information, including the preparation of reports for the ever-growing volume of source documents without increasing staff. Economic efficiency is composed of two main components:
- improving financial performance
- time savings on some transactions
The basis for the evaluation of economic efficiency can serve as the time spent on one activity. Introduction of the system can provide significant effect by reducing the time for reporting, which is directly connected with the entire process of analysis of the data. Also, can be expected from the introduction reducing the time to write queries and reports, improving the quality of work during the examination of data reduction and document the transition to paperless processing of information, culture and increase productivity. Automation of complex tasks is to change the quality features, these include:
- the frequency of error decisions because of the use of false information increases the probability of making a wrong decision which affects the final result of the activity
- speed of detection of errors in the decisions made significantly reduce the likelihood of errors
- the average time to find a solution: the system will shorten the decision-making process
The main factors that determine the cumulative effect of automation:
- reducing the complexity of data processing by switching to paperless technologies
- quality improvement process from the stage of acceptance of documents to the stage of registration of report
- reduce dependence on specific individuals who are holders of information because the use of paper-based data does not allow simultaneous use of a single resource to multiple employees but the introduction of such system easily allow
Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the project suggest the need to evaluate income and expenditure part of the project. Evaluation expenditure part involves identifying the following groups of expenditures:
- the acquisition of basic software: operating systems, database platform
- the acquisition of the tools of automation
- payment services for the design and launch of the system
- technical support system
If medical center already has an appropriate hardware and software, the development of an automated system is not incurring any expense.
The introduction of the automated system is not reflected on the income side of the project because the use of the system does not give a direct economic benefit.
The main summary measure of economic performance includes:
- annual economic benefit from the development and implementation of an automated system
- payback period of the automated system
- computing efficiency ratio of capital expenditures
The basis for the calculation of the annual economic effect is a technique that provides a comparison of reduced expenditures on basic and introducing options.
The annual economic effect is determined by the formula:
Ea = С1-С2 (4.1)
C1 - expenditure before the introduction of the automated system which consists of: the wages of employees, expenditure for office supplies and for payment of utility bills.
C2 - expenditure after the introduction of the automated system which consists of: the wages of employees after the introduction of the system, paying utility bills and the expenditure for training.
Annual economic efficiency is the ratio of the annual economic benefit to the capital investment.
Е = Ea/CI (4.2)
CI - capital investments in the injected system. Capital expenditures are determined by the cost of software and the cost of the technique. Expenditures will consist of salaries and the acquisition of developer needed. The payback period is defined by:
To = 1/Е (4.3)
There was taken an example in order to demonstrate calculating the economic effect. Assume that a medical center has 10 specialists and let's calculate the economic effect with this example.
An earned salary per employee per month is 90,000 KZT. Total labor costs account for 900,000 KZT i.e. earned per year = 900,000 * 12 = 10,800,000 KZT. The costs of social security contributions and other needs make up, for instance, 5% from the annual salary, social costs = 10,800,000 * 5% = 540,000 KZT.
Total, the annual cost to the twenty employees will make 11,340,000 KZT.
The expenditure for office supplies amounted to 100,000 KZT, for instance.
Expenses for payment of utility bills of all kinds in the month amounted to, for instance, 100,000 KZT i.e. 1,200,000 KZT per year.
Table 4.1
Contains annual costs in the base case.
|
COST ITEM |
ANNUAL COSTS |
|
|
Labor costs |
11,340,000 KZT |
|
|
Costs for office supplies |
100,000 KZT |
|
|
Expenses for payment of utility bills |
1,200,000 KZT |
|
|
Total С1: |
12,640,000 KZT |
Now we calculate the cost of processing information in the new version.
Salary per employee in the new version in the month is 700,000 KZT. Annual salary is 700,000 * 12 = 8,400,000 KZT.
The costs of social services = 8,400,000 * 5% = 420,000 KZT.
The cost of the twenty employees per year will be: 8,400,000 + 420,000 = 8,820,000 KZT. The cost of twenty staffs for computer courses -10,000 KZT.
Table 4.2
Annual costs of introducing options
|
COST ITEM |
ANNUAL COSTS |
|
|
Labor costs |
8,820,000 KZT |
|
|
Training costs |
100,000 KZT |
|
|
Expenses for payment of utility bills |
1,200,000 KZT |
|
|
Costs for office supplies |
100,000 KZT |
|
|
Total С2: |
10,220,000 KZT |
Let's calculate the amount of capital investment in the development of the system. Capital expenditures are composed of labor costs developer, overhead costs and the cost of the tools. Basic salary of developer calculated by the formula:
Sbas = Cov * SbasDay (4.4)
Cov - overall complexity of the project, days
SbasDay - salary of developers
Salary = 400,000 KZT.
Salary per a day = 400,000 / 22 = 18,181 KZT.
Development time is 20 days.
Sbas = 60 * 18,181 = 1,090,860 KZT.
Overhead costs are determined in the amount of, for instance, 20% from the basic salary of developers.
Oc = 1,090,860 * 0,2 = 218,172 KZT.
The cost of tools = 1,200,000 KZT.
Total: CI = 1,090,860 + 218,172 + 1,200,000 = 2,509,032 KZT.
Based on the calculated parameters, let's calculate the annual economic effect:
Ea = 12,640,000 - 10,220,000 = 2,420,000 KZT.
Economic efficiency will be equal to:
Е = 2,420,000 / 2,509,032 = 0,96
Payback period To = 1 / 0,96 = 1,04 years.
Let's calculate the overall complexity of the development:
T= nDev * t (4.5)
n - number of developers
t - time in hours
The developer is open every day for 16 days to 5 hours.
Т = 1 * 16 * 5 = 80 normal/hour.
Let's calculate the effort required to process documentation before and after introduction of the project.
On activities by hand specialist department spends 40 minutes i.e. 0.6 person/hour and when using an automated system 10 min i.e. 0.16 person/hour.
Т = Т0 - Т1 = 0,6 - 0,16 = 0,44 person / hour.
The relative index of labor is Т1/Т2 = 0,25
This means that when using the automated system is only 25% and it is less than compared to manual processing time of. Consequently, the time savings is 75%.
The project has a positive economic efficiency and pays for the costs associated with the production of the automated information system.
In example we see reducing the complexity makes it possible to obtain an annual economic effect of using automated 2,420,000 KZT. The payback period of capital expenditures equal to 1,04 years and save time is 75%.
5 LABOR PROTECTION AND INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
5.1 General information about health and organization safety
During the internship the project was developed in the «Cloud Computing Laboratory» laboratory on the 3rd floor in the building IITU. The laboratory performed the following activities:
- laboratory work of the department disciplines
- advice on course design
- advice on degree design: bachelors, engineers, masters
- preparation of teaching materials on the basic disciplines of the department
5.1.1 Room planning and equipment placement
In the laboratory total floor area is 37.50 square meters and lighting audience is through one window. Doors of the laboratory are 1 front door and 1 door to the server side and room height is 2.30 meters. Suspended ceiling and it is made with a porous drywall in the laboratory. One more thing floor covering is made by laminate and decorating the walls is decorative plaster.
The heating in the room is 1 unit "Fan coil" air conditioning. In the laboratory water and sanitation are not available and power supply 220 V and 12 electrical outlets. The lighting in the room is 8 units of fluorescent ceiling location and there is set clock security, video surveillance in hallways, access control system. Furniture of the room consists of 8 pieces of tables and chairs 7.
Equipment for laboratory work is «T6000» server, 11 units of «Fujitsu Siemens» PC staffed with «SVGA» monitors. PC installed and placed in accordance with the requirements of the specifications of manufacturers. The room also has a presence of fiber-optic lines dedicated Internet channel and a local computer network.
According to the order number 767 of 28 September 2010 on sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the operation of the PC, space per workstation PC users at any location is 4.0 square meters. Area per job laptop users and modern computers with LCD screens is 2.50 square meters [10].
If you calculate the area (Sspec.) premises attributable to one person as follows:
(5.1)
- room space
- area occupied by the bulky equipment and furniture
- the number of people working simultaneously on the premises
On this basis, it can be noted that the calculations agree with the regulatory requirements.
5.1.2 Ergonomic solutions for workplace organization
To maintain work ability and prevent the development of PC user diseases necessary organize workplaces that meet the requirements. Productivity increases from 8 to 20 percent with proper organization of the workplace.
In the presence of a high table and chairs, inadequate growth of learners, use a height adjustable footrest. An important element of work place for PC user is chair.
The design of work chair must ensure the maintenance of sound working posture when working on PC allows you to change position in order to reduce tensing the muscles of neck and shoulder area and back to prevent the development of fatigue. Type of office chair should be chosen taking into account the growth of user, nature and duration of work with PC.
Workplace chair equipped with PC, basic size suited to the growth of students with shoes. Replacement of chairs for stools or benches is not allowed. In this case, the room used chairs fully meet the above standards.
5.2 Identifying hazardous and harmful factors. Creating sustainable lighting
When working with PC can be potentially dangerous and harmful factors whose impact on human body can bring them harm and lead to injuries.
Efficient lighting in room designed to work with PC is created in the presence of both natural and artificial lighting. Insufficient light leads to severe eye strain, fatigue, short-sightedness, poor quality of work, increasing the marriage. Bright light irritates the eye retina, dazzles the eyes tire quickly, growing industrial injuries.
Modern lighting facilities staffed with computer engineering require high demands on hygiene as well as technical issues. Properly designed and executed lighting provides a high level of efficiency, has a positive psychological effect, increases in labor productivity [11].
Light calculation job is lead to choosing lighting system and defining the required number of fixtures, type and placement. The process of programmer work is slow in such conditions when natural lighting is insufficient or absent.
5.3 Noise protection
In the workplace of PC user sources of noise are generally speaking people, outside noise, computer, printer and ventilation equipment. They make quite some noise, so the room is enough to use sound absorption.
Table 5.2
Contains normalized sound pressure levels and sound. Here are indicators of standardized noise levels in too.
|
Sound pressure level, dB, in octave bands with center frequencies, Hz |
Sound levels and sound levels equivalent, DBA |
||||||||
|
63 |
125 |
250 |
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
4000 |
8000 |
||
|
71 |
61 |
54 |
49 |
45 |
42 |
40 |
38 |
50 |
Measuring the level of noise in the workplace showed that the actual sound pressure levels in dB in the octave bands with center frequencies of 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz. And it complies with the standard.
Let's present methods of protection against noise. Construction and acoustic methods of protection against noise by construction law and regulations are:
- sound design envelope, seal around the perimeter of the chapels of windows and doors
- sound-absorbing structures and screens
- silencers, sound-absorbing lining
Reducing the noise penetrating into the space from outside is realized by sealing around the perimeters of the chapels of windows and doors. Acoustic absorption is an acoustically treated surface to reduce the intensity of reflected waves by converting sound energy into heat. Sound absorption is quite effective measure to reduce noise. The most pronounced sound-absorbing properties are fibrous and porous materials such as fiber plate, fiberglass, mineral wool, polyurethane cellular plastic, porous polyvinyl chloride, etc.
Sound-absorbing lining of these materials must be placed on the ceiling and upper walls. Absorption maximum is reached when wall not less than 60% of the total area of ??the enclosing surfaces of the room.
5.4 Calculation of ventilation
Air-conditioning systems should be installed so that neither warm nor cold air is not directed at anyone. There is recommended to create a dynamic environment with certain differences of indicators in rooms. Air temperature at the surface of floor and at head level should not differ by more than 5 degrees. In addition to natural ventilation supply there is exhaust ventilation. The main parameter that determines the characteristics of ventilation system is multiplicity of exchange i.e. how many times per hour will change the air in room.
There is necessary to calculate Vvent (Volume of air required for the exchange) and Vroom (the amount of working space). In order to calculate let's use the following premise:
B (length) = 10 m, A (width) = 5 m, H (height) = 3 m.
Accordingly, the amount of space equal to: Vroom = A * B * H = 150 square meters.
Necessary to exchange the air volume Vvent is defined by the basis of the heat balance equation:
(5.2)
- excess heat (W)
С = 0,237 - thermal conductivity of air (W/kgK)
Y = 1,2 - the air density (kg/m3)
The temperature of the outgoing air is given by:
(5.3)
t = 1- 5 degrees - excess of t to 1 m height of room
= 25 degrees - temperature in workplace
Н = 3 м. - height of room
= 20 degrees
(5.4)
- excess heat from electrical equipment and lighting
(5.5)
Е - coefficient of energy losses on heat sink (E = 0.55 for lighting)
p - power, p = 40 Вт * 20 = 800 W
W
- heat input from solar radiation
(5.6)
m - number of windows, let's take m = 2
S - window area, S=2,5 * 2 = 5 m.2
k - factor taking into account glazing. For double glazing, k = 0,6
- 127 W/m - heat input from the windows
W
- heat of people
(5.7)
q = 80 W/person
n - number of people
W
W
Of the heat balance equation should be:
Vvent = 2802 / (0,237 * (26 - 20) * 1,2) = 1648
The best option is air conditioning i.e. automatically maintain its status in environment and in accordance with certain requirements e.g. set temperature, humidity, air mobility and regardless of changes in state and outside air conditions.
5.5 Providing electrical safety
Electrical installations which include almost all computer equipment provide for human a potential danger because in the maintenance operation people can touch parts under voltage. Any disturbance current can cause electrical injury i.e. damage body caused by electric current or electric arc. In addressing the issue of the safety of the developer to identify three main factors:
- electrical workplace of programmer
- auxiliary equipment
- environment of room
Built-in devices of the workplace include: server, computer, monitor and printer. To accessory equipment includes local lighting lamps, fans and other electrical appliances.
Environment place which the programmer is working affects for electrical insulation of equipment and devices, electrical resistance of human body and can create conditions for shock.
The rooms, equipped with computer facilities are generally classified as areas without heightened risk because:
- relative humidity does not exceed 65-70%
- there is no conductive dust
- temperature does not exceed the long 30 ° C
- having a connection with the earth metallic structures
- lack of access to live parts of the equipment
- there is no conductive floors
Thus, to prevent electrical user injuries necessary comply the safety requirements when working with conventional appliances.
5.6 Fire protection
To solve fire safety problems, we need to first identify and justify the category of space. One of the most important tasks of fire protection is to protect the places from damage and provide them with adequate strength under high temperatures during a fire. Given the high cost of electronic equipment facilities of the institution, as well as category of its fire hazard, the building should be 1 and 2 degree of fire resistance.
The construction of buildings JSC "IITU" consists of 10 floors and the laboratory is located on the 3rd floor. For the manufacture of building structures used brick, concrete, glass, metal and other non-combustible materials. Wood should be limited and in the case of use necessary to impregnate flame retardants.
It is also necessary to provide fire barriers in the form of partition of non-combustible materials placed in the rooms of our institution. Considering that our building contains engineering equipment such as computers, printers, etc. and the space is "C" class of possible fire used indoors extinguishers OP-5 based on carbon dioxide or dry powder. According to NPB 110-03 building is equipped with automatic fire extinguishing.
Also escape routes should ensure the evacuation of all people in the room during the required period of time. In our building there are 3 emergency exits, the distance between them is less than 50 meters distance sanitary requirements from the most remote locations to the nearest evacuation moves fully compliant.
5.7 Accident prevention
The correct method of operation:
- provide for the possibility of change of tasks and work load
- continuous operation time on display no more than 4 hours
- comply breaks 5-10 minutes through 1 hour on display or 15 minutes after 2 hours of operation on display
The correct application of aids:
- use armrests when keyboard is higher than 1.5 cm
- stand for documents and footrest
In the creation of comforts in order to increasing productivity and reducing stress factors play significant role characterizing the state of the environment e.g. indoor climate, noise and lighting. The recommended relative humidity is 65-70%. The workplace should be well ventilated.
CONCLUSION
Considering the result of the graduation paper has been comprehensively studied the general activities of health centers, organizational structure, features and characteristics of the building automation system. The task of automating medical processes has been widely discussed and studied. The place of this problem in a complex automation tasks, the necessity of automation and the need to use computer technology to solve this problem were identified and justified in this diploma work.
During the implementation, the automated system has been designed which involve itself all processes about the patients and their diseases and, of course, it will reduce the burden on the registry during the collection and processing of data.
Next, there was an analysis of existing developments in this area and concluded that the need to develop our own product i.e. system. There was selected automation strategy and identified the necessary steps of automation and the used information systems. During the implementation, the main features of the architecture of the developed system clearly were described, and its functionality and the mechanisms too. Also, the usage of the other appropriate technologies was found to improve the purposes of the diploma project.
Use the system does not require the acquisition of third-party commercial software or technologies, which significantly reduces the cost of implementing the health information system.
The system was developed in cooperation with physicians of various specialties, thus the system has the most intuitive interface for the doctors, allowing us to start the process of introduction the system without pre-training.
The testing part of the diploma work shows that it fully meets the task and it is stable and error-free. In addition it has a great functionality and user-friendly interface.
Next step was an assessment of economic efficiency. It is concluded that the project has a positive economic efficiency and pays for the costs associated with the production of the automated information system.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) - the use of a device with Internet access such as 3G cellular service, broadband via Ethernet, or other Internet gateway as an access point for other devices
IT - Information Technology
UML - Unified Modeling Language
SQL - Structured Query Language
.NET - a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows
Extensible Markup Language (XML) - markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) - the main markup language for creating web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser
Entity-relationship (ER-diagram) - a specialized graphic that illustrates the relationships between entities in a database
DBMS - Database management systems
Internet Information Services (IIS) - a web server software application and set of feature extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows
ASP.NET - a server-side Web application framework designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages
MS - Microsoft
ISO - International Standardization Organization
Model-view-controller (MVC) - a software architecture pattern which separates the representation of information from the user's interaction with it
Entity Framework (EF) - an open source object-relational mapping framework for the NET Framework
ADO.NET - a set of computer software components that programmers can use to access data
Extreme Programming (XP) - a software development methodology which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements
Net present value (NPV) - discounted value of forecasted project cash flows
Internal rate of return (IRR) - implicit annual rate of return the project generates
Payback period (PP) - number of years it takes to recover the initial investment
KZT - Kazakhstan Tenge (ISO currency code)
IITU - International Information Technologies University
Liquid-crystal display (LCD) - a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals
PC - Personal Computer
JSC - Joint-stock Company
OS - Operating System
REFERENCES
1. UML Standard Diagrams http://www.tutorialspoint.com/uml/uml_standard_diagrams.htm.
2. Microsoft .NET 4.5 http://www.microsoft.com/net
3. Standard ISO/IEC 12207:1995 «Information Technology - Software Life Cycle Processes» http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=21208
4. Entity-Relationship Diagram By Mike Chapple http://databases.about.com/cs/specificproducts/g/er.htm
5. Entity Framework http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/ef.aspx
6. Repository Pattern with Entity Framework using EntityTypeConfiguration by MdAsifBd, 20 March 2013 http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/561584/Repository-Pattern-with-Entity-Framework-using
7. Learn MVC (Model View Controller) step by step in 7 days - Day 1 by Shivprasad koirala, 25 March 2013 http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/207797/Learn-MVC-Model-View-Controller-step-by-step-in-7
8. Unit testing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing
9. Gribov V.D., Business Economics. M: Finance and Statistics,2003.-336 pages.
10. Guidelines PL-09 Паспорт УД Cloud Computing Laboratory
11. The act on “the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the operation of the PC” 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
12. Куперштейн, В.И. Современные информационные технологии в делопроизводстве и управлении : учебное пособие / В.И. Куперштейн. - СПб. : БХВ, 2003
13. Мацяше, Л. Анализ требований и проектирование систем : учебник / Л. Мацяше. - М. : Вильямс, 2007
14. Овсянников, М.В. Проектирование функциональной модели : учебник / М.В. Овсянников. - М. : МГТУ, 2001
15. Troelsen Andrew, “Pro C# 5.0 and the .NET 4.5 Framework, 6th Edition”, Springer Science and Business Media NY, New York, 2012
16. Mohammad Rahman, “Expert C# 5. 0 with the .NET 4.5 Framework”, Springer Science and Business Media NY, New York, 2013
17. Jon Galloway, Phil Haack, Brad Wilson, K. Scott Allen, “Professional ASP.NET MVC 4”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2012
18. Jess Chadwick, Todd Snyder, Hrusikesh Panda, “Programming ASP.NET MVC 4”, O'Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2012
19. Judith Bishop, “C# 3.0 Design Patterns”, O'Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2008
20. Julia Lerman, “Programming Entity Framework, 2nd Edition”, O'Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2010
21. Paul Kimmel, “LINQ Unleashed for C#”, Pearson Education, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2009
22. Mickey Gousset, Brian Keller, Martin Woodward, “Professional Application Lifecycle Management with Visual Studio”, John Wiley & and Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2012
23. Julia Lerman, Rowan Miller, “Programming Enitty Framework: Code First”, O'Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2012
24. Scott Shaw, Kathi Kellenberger, “Beginnig T-SQL, 2nd Edition”, Springer Science and Business Media NY, New York, 2012
25. Gavin Powell, “Beginning Database Design”, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2006
26. James Bender, Jeff McWherter, “Professional Test-Driven Development with C#: Developing Real World Applications with TDD”, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2011
27. Robert C. Martin, “Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship”, Pearson Education, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2009
APPENDIX A
The source code of the system
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult GetRequests(string message)
{
ViewBag.Message = message;
Var currentDoctor = PublicClass.UnitOfWork.DoctorRepository.ItemsWithInclude(doctor => doctor.Organization)
.Single(doctor => doctor.Login == User.Identity.Name);
Session["CurrentDoctor"] = currentDoctor;
var model = new GetRequestsModel
{
PatientRequests =
currentDoctor.Organization.Requests.Select(request => request.Patient).ToList()
.Select(x => new SelectListItem
{
Value = x.Id.ToString(),
Text = string.Format("{0} {1}", x.LastName, x.FirstName)
})
};
return View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult GetRequests(GetRequestsModel model, string command)
{
if (command == "Open patient info")
{
var selectedPatient = PublicClass.UnitOfWork.PatientRepository
.ItemsWithInclude(u => u.Address, u => u.Address.Province, u => u.MedicalCard,
u => u.MedicalCard.OrganizationCreator, u => u.MedicalCard.DoctorCreator)
.SingleOrDefault(u => u.Id == model.SelectedUser);
if (selectedPatient == null)
{
return RedirectToAction("GetRequests", "DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "Select a patient first" });
}
Session["PatientRequest"] = selectedPatient;
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", "DoctorCardOperation");
}
return RedirectToAction("DoctorIndex", "DoctorMain");
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult GetRequest(string message)
{
ViewBag.Message = message;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
Session["PatientForCardOpen"] = patient;
var model = new GetRequestModel
{
UserName = patient.Login,
FirstName = patient.FirstName,
LastName = patient.LastName,
Gender = patient.Gender,
Email = patient.Email,
Phone = patient.Phone,
BirthDate = (DateTime) patient.BirthDate,
Province = patient.Address.Province.Name,
Address = patient.Address.AddressLine,
IsResident = patient.IsResident.ToString()
};
return View(model);
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult CreateAppointment(Doctor doctor, string message)
{
ViewBag.Message = message;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
var appointerDoctor = Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;
Session["DoctorRequest"] = doctor;
var model = new CreateAppointmentModel
{
PatientLogin = patient.Login,
PatientFirstName = patient.FirstName,
PatientLastName = patient.LastName,
DoctorLogin = doctor.Login,
DoctorFirstName = doctor.FirstName,
DoctorLastName = doctor.LastName
};
return View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult CreateAppointment(CreateAppointmentModel model, string command)
{
var appointerDoctor = Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;
var receiverDoctor = Session["DoctorRequest"] as Doctor;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
if (command == "Back to patient card operation page")
{
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", "DoctorCardOperation");
}
if (command == "Write feedback")
{
return RedirectToAction("WriteFeedback", "AdditionalFunction");
}
if(patient.MedicalCard == null)
{
// If we got this far, something failed, redisplay form
ModelState.AddModelError("", "Patient has not a medical card");
return View();
}
if (command == "Create")
{
var appointment = new Appointment
{
Title = model.Title,
Description = model.Description,
IsActive = true,
CreatedDate = DateTime.Now,
SolvedDate = null,
ReceivedDoctor = receiverDoctor,
MedicalCard = patient.MedicalCard
};
PublicClass.UnitOfWork.AppointmentRepository.Add(appointment);
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", "DoctorCardOperation", new {message = "The operation was successful"});
}
return RedirectToAction("CreateAppointment", "DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "You have to fill all empty areas" });
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult CreateIllness(Appointment appointment, string message)
{
ViewBag.Message = message;
if (Session["AppointmentList"] == null)
{
Session["AppointmentList"] = new List<Appointment>();
}
else
{
((List<Appointment>) Session["AppointmentList"]).Add(appointment);
}
var attendingDoctor = Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
var model = new CreateIllnessModel
{
DoctorLogin = attendingDoctor.Login,
DoctorFirstName = attendingDoctor.FirstName,
DoctorLastName = attendingDoctor.LastName,
PatientLogin = patient.Login,
PatientFirstName = patient.FirstName,
PatientLastName = patient.LastName,
IllnessAppointments = ((List<Appointment>) Session["AppointmentList"]).Select(x => new SelectListItem
{
Value = x.Id.ToString(),
Text = string.Format("{0}", x.Title)
})
};
return View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult CreateIllness(CreateIllnessModel model, string command)
{
var attendingDoctor = Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
if (command == "Add appointment")
{
return RedirectToAction("GetAppointments", "MedicalCard", new { param = "FromIllness"});
}
if (command == "Appoint medicine")
{
return RedirectToAction("AppointMedicine", "DoctorCardOperation");
}
if (command == "Write feedback")
{
return RedirectToAction("WriteFeedback", "AdditionalFunction");
}
if (command == "Back to patient card operation page")
{
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", "DoctorCardOperation");
}
if (command == "Create" && ((List<Appointment>)Session["AppointmentList"]).Count() != 0)
{
var illness = new Illness
{
Title = model.Title,
Description = model.Description,
IsTreated = false,
AttendingDoctor = attendingDoctor,
CreatedDate = DateTime.Now,
SolvedDate = null,
MedicalCard = patient.MedicalCard
};
PublicClass.UnitOfWork.IllnessRepository.Add(illness);
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", "DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "The operation was successful" });
}
return RedirectToAction("CreateIllness", "DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "You have to fill all empty areas" });
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult CreateReference(Appointment appointment, string message)
{
ViewBag.Message = message;
if (Session["AppointmentList"] == null)
{
Session["AppointmentList"] = new List<Appointment>();
}
else
{
((List<Appointment>)Session["AppointmentList"]).Add(appointment);
}
var addedDoctor = Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
var model = new CreateReferenceModel
{
DoctorLogin = addedDoctor.Login,
DoctorFirstName = addedDoctor.FirstName,
DoctorLastName = addedDoctor.LastName,
PatientLogin = patient.Login,
PatientFirstName = patient.FirstName,
PatientLastName = patient.LastName,
ReferenceAppointments = ((List<Appointment>) Session["AppointmentList"]).Select(x => new SelectListItem
{
Value = x.Id.ToString(),
Text = string.Format("{0}", x.Title)
})
};
return View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult CreateReference(CreateReferenceModel model, string command)
{
var addedDoctor = Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;
var patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;
if (command == "Add appointment")
{
return RedirectToAction("GetAppointments", "MedicalCard", new { param = "FromReference" });
}
if (command == "Upload image")
{
return RedirectToAction("UploadImage", "DoctorAppointment");
}
if (command == "Write feedback")
{
return RedirectToAction("WriteFeedback", "AdditionalFunction");
}
if (command == "Back to patient card operation page")
{
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", "DoctorCardOperation");
}
if (command == "Create" && ((List<Appointment>)Session["AppointmentList"]).Count() != 0)
{
var reference = new DoctorReference
{
Title = model.Title,
Description = model.Description,
Picture = null,
CreatedDate = DateTime.Now,
ExpirationDate = null,
GivedDoctor = addedDoctor,
PatientOwner = patient
};
PublicClass.UnitOfWork.DoctorReferenceRepository.Add(reference);
return RedirectToAction("GetRequest", new { message = "The operation was successful" });
}
return RedirectToAction("CreateReference", "DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "You have to fill all empty areas" });
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]
public ActionResult AddAppointment(Appointment appointment)
{
var param = Session["AimOfOpenCard"] as string;
if (param == "FromIllness")
{
return RedirectToAction("CreateIllness", "DoctorCardOperation", appointment);
}
return RedirectToAction("CreateReference", "DoctorCardOperation", appointment);
}
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