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Translation of english proverbs and sayings about love, wearing and work from English into Russian
Translation of english proverbs and sayings about love, wearing and work from English into Russian
Proverbs and sayings are popular genre of English culture. Translation of sayings and proverbs about Work, Love and Wearing from English into Russian. Definition of proverbs and saying. Difference between proverbs and saying. Methods of their translating.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | курсовая работа |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 27.04.2013 |
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Content
- Introduction
- 1. Translation of english proverbs and sayings about love, wearing and work from english into russian
- Definition of proverbs and sayings
- Difference between proverbs and sayings
- History
- Methods of translating proverbs and sayings
- 2. Translation of sayings and proverbs about work, love and wearing from English into Russian
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Glossary
- Appendix
Introduction
It would appear that nothing could be easier than writing down the definition of a proverb. Where did a proverb come from? Where can it be used? Proverbs are widely used in the society on the regular basis. Some scholars and popular writers have claimed repeatedly that proverbial language has passed from usage; however it remains an easily proven fact that proverbs are not "passer” and definitely not dead. This form of language helps to express our thoughts more exactly and vividly. Proverbs contain wisdom, humor, and usually fit many purports.
The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs defines a proverb as a sentence that has been developed orally and is still used by the people of a region. It has usually come about from experience, and it is a statement that teaches learning within an experience. The World Book Encyclopedia gives a different explanation of the word: Proverb is a brief saying that presents a truth of some bit of useful wisdom. It is usually based on common sense or practical experience. The effect of a proverb is to make the wisdom it tells seem to be self-evident. The same proverb often occurs among several different peoples, True proverbs and sayings that have been passed from generation to generation, primarily by word of mouth. They may also have been put into written form.
Proverbs and sayings help us to learn English, because they are good example of English culture and language. In old times people were learning Latin by using proverbs. Proverbs and sayings - are useful material to show, how could one thought be understood in several different ways. They make speech alive and interesting. English proverbs and sayings have exclusive meaning, every proverb could be used in different situations, they could be understood mostly by English speaking part of the world, but not by any other people, because if foreigner translate them into his native language he will get something strange. A very little part of English proverbs and sayings can be translated and understood by words. In most cases English proverbs have the same meaning as proverbs in other languages, for example in Russian. So the main aim of an interpreter in translating English proverbs into Russian is to find the right method to translate them;
So why my theme is very actual and claimed.
The main aim of my work is:
to find out what proverbs and sayings are, what have they appeared for and how to use them.
to find out what methods of translating ST into TT exist and to search the right method to use.
to analysis "translating" ST into TT and try to use it on practice.
english russian proverb saying
1. Translation of english proverbs and sayings about love, wearing and work from english into russian
Definition of proverbs and sayings
Proverbs and sayings are very popular genre of traditional English culture. We can't say where or when proverbs appeared, but this is fact, that proverbs and sayings appeared in far antiquity and since then they have always been on the month of their folk through over the history. There are special reasons, why are proverbs and sayings are so remarkable. One of these reasons is the rhyme.
(ST) Little strokes fell great oaks
(TT) Малые удары валят большие дубы.
(ST) A stitch in time saves nine
(TT) Один стежок, сделанный вовремя, стоит девяти.
The most useful feature of remembering proverbs is their simplicity:
(ST) More haste, less speed
(TT) Тише едешь, дальше будешь.
(ST) Easy come, easy go
(TT) Легко пришло, легко ушло.
(ST) Like father, like son
(TT) Как отец, так и сын.
There is a little part of proverbs, that have more then 5 words, usually proverbs and sayings are very shot.
(ST) Boys will be Boys
(TT) Мальчишки - есть мальчишки.
(ST) Dead man tells no tales
(TT) Мертвец ничего не расскажет.
(ST) Better late, then never
(TT) Лучше поздно, чем никогда.
(ST) Practice makes perfect
(TT) Опыт творит чудеса
Difference between proverbs and sayings
Main difference between proverb and saying is that proverb expresses common thinking, and saying expresses only thinking of partial character. By linguists opinion not only proverbs can be full stopped sentence, but sayings too! Saying is the same full stopped sentence like a proverb, but it doesn't have didactical meaning.
Usually you can find sayings like that:
(ST) When pigs can fly
(TT) Когда рак на горе свиснет.
(ST) The Dutch have taken Holland!
(TT) Голландцы захватили Голландию!
(ST) When two Sundays come together
(TT) После дождичка в четверг.
(ST) When hell freezes over
(TT) Когда рай сгорит.
Sometimes it is very difficult to differ proverb from saying or to separate them from each other. Saying has boards from proverb, but if you add only one word to it, saying could be changed to a proverb, and on the contrary. There are some idioms which look like proverbs, but they aren't proverbs at all. But idioms could be made into proverbs by adding only a word: "To cry for a moon” - is an idiom it doesn't give any advices or prevents of something wrong. It is only a saying, but if we add "Don't" or something like that, we will get a good proverb, for example: (ST) Don't cry for the moon. (TT) Не сули золотые горы. (ST) Only fools cry for the moon. (TT) Только дурак сулит золотые горы.
History
There are many sources of proverbs and sayings appearing. For to be a proverb, this sentence must be popular and well known among the society. When a sentence starts to be a proverb, it becomes the part of common mind, so the proverb speaker doesn't care who has invented it. So we can say that proverbs and sayings are invented by folk. Many proverbs, adding the everyday experience, the meaning of words was transforming to the proverb during long time without any announcing of this process. The phrase "Make hay while the sun shines”, which takes it's appearing from everyday field-workers practice, is the example of these sort of proverbs. Every farmer sees the truth in these words, but when hundreds of people understood these words as they wanted, they realized that this sentence has several different meanings and people can use it for their own situations. After long time of practicing the method of "trys and mistakes - this phrase got it's own common meaning and became a proverb. By the same way the phrase `Don't put all your eggs in one basket” became a proverb from the practical experience of trading dealers.
To the other side, many proverbs are written by definite people. If the proverb was invented in oral variant, of cause the author would be forgotten, but if the clever author invents a proverb and wrights it down, we can find (the source of these proverbs) out whom was this proverb written by. So, we can suppose that the most part of abstract proverbs and sayings were done by this way. For example:
(ST) The End justifies the means
(TT) Каково начало, таков и конец.
Which appears from the theological doctrine in seventeen age, or "gold” thought:
(ST) The wish is father to the thought
(TT) Желание быстрее, чем мысль.
Which was said by July Cizar.
But who can say that these proverbs didn't become the part of traditional English culture a long before they were written down? The usage of proverbs and sayings took it's rising in Shakespeare's time, and perhaps the most part of proverbs, written by him existed before. But in less remarkable form. It is the same case with the Bible. Wise of it's proverbs isn't original.
Anyway, both cases, either folk or fiction are made into one. Because of "written word” someone's clever words were given to people and if these words are liked by them into proverb.
The other important course of English Proverbs is foreign proverbs and sayings. IN this case, before be made into English these proverbs were invented and existed in Latin, Russian, French, or Spanish languages. In fact Shakespeare's sayings were made proverbs very often. But we can't say exactly that all of his sayings are his own creative. May be they were taken from other oral sources and paraphrased. Many of his proverbs kept their first original form:
(ST) Brevity is the soul of wit.
(TT) Краткость - душа остроумия.
(ST) A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
(TT) Роза будет пахнуть так же хорошо, хоть как ты ее не назовешь.
Methods of translating proverbs and sayings
Proverbs and sayings are very important part of English speech culture, so why an interpreter needs to be prepared for translating proverbs and sayings. There are some nuances and some kind of problems with translating. There are 4 main methods of translating proverbs and sayings:
1. Using of equivalent:
There is a number of English proverbs and sayings, which meaning and stylistic direction are the same with Russian ones. These Russian proverbs and sayings are English equivalents. If interpreter needs to translate a proverb, he can find it's equivalent in Russian language, if the proverb has it, the interpreter can use it in translation. For example:
(ST) He laughs best, who laughs last
(TT) Смеется тот, кто смеется последним
(ST) Like father, like son
(TT) Каков отец, таков и сын
(ST) Easy come, easy go
(TT) легко пришло, легко ушло.
2. Using of variant:
In most causes an interpreter, when he translates a proverb, has to use Russian variant of English one, this variant has the same meaning, but it is expressed by another words. For example:
(ST) A cock is valiant on his own dunghill.
(TT) На своей улочке храбра и курочка.
(ST) A creaking door hangs long on its hinges.
(TT) Битая посуда два века живет.
3. Calkque method:
Sometimes an interpreter needs to translate a proverb, which has no variant or equivalent in Russian language, so he has to use calkque method to translate it by words. This method can be used only if the meaning of a proverb is clear, when it is translated in Russian. For example:
(ST) A fool may ask more questions in an hour than a wise man can answer in seven years.
(TT) Умный семь лет не ответит на вопросы, которые дурак задаст за один час.
4. Method of describing:
If the proverb has no variants or equivalents and the calking method isn't suitable in this case, an interpreter can describe the meaning of this proverb to the listener. For example:
(ST) When Queen Anne was alive
(TT) В то время, когда королева Анна была жива, это еще имело смысл, сейчас это безполезно.
2. Translation of sayings and proverbs about work, love and wearing from English into Russian
Translation proverbs and sayings about work.
(ST) A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
This proverb has three different variants in Russian language:
(TT) Плохой работник с инструментами не в ладу.
(TT) У плохого мастера и пила плохая.
(TT) Мастер глуп - нож туп.
I think the best one is "Мастер глуп - нож туп. ” Because it is very shot, but it's meaning is clear and the same with (ST)
(ST) A bargain is a bargain.
This proverb also has two variants:
(TT) Уговор дороже денег.
(TT) Уговор святое дело.
and one equivalent:
(TT) Сделка есть сделка.
The best is the first variant "Уговор дороже денег. ” Because it Russian speaking people use this proverb more then others.
(ST) A beggar can never be bankrupt.
There are two variants of this proverb:
(TT) Голый - что святой: не боится беды.
(TT) Голой овцы не стригут.
Both these proverbs are suitable, but I like the first one, so I'll choose it. Also we can use Calkque method and translate it by words:
(TT) Бедняк никогда не обанкротится.
(ST) A good anvil does not fear the hammer.
This proverb has only one variant in Russian:
(TT) Правда суда не боится.
(ST) A good beginning is half the battle.
This proverb also has one variant:
(TT) Доброе начало полдела откачало.
(ST) A good deed is never lost.
This proverb has five variants in Russian language:
(TT) Доброе дело даром не пропадет.
(TT) Доброе дело без награды не остается.
(TT) Добро всегда вспомянется.
(TT) За доброе дело жди похвалы смело.
(TT) Доброе добром поминают.
The most suitable, I think is the third one "Добро всегда вспомянется. ”
(ST) A Jack of all trades is master of none.
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Человек, который берется за многие ремесла, хорошо не владеет ни одним.
(TT) За все берется, да не все удается.
(TT) За все браться - ничего не уметь.
The best variant, I think is the second: "За все берется, да не все удается. ”
Because it is shot, and easy to remember.
(ST) A lawyer never goes to law himself.
This proverb has no variants and equivalents, we have to use describing method:
(TT) Зная закон, адвокат всегда выйдет сухим из воды или всегда сможет его обмануть.
(ST) A man can do no more than he can.
This proverb has only one variant:
(TT) Выше головы не прыгнешь.
(ST) A stitch in time saves nine.
This one could be translated only with describing method.
(TT) Один стежок, сделанный вовремя, стоит девяти.
(TT) То, что делается своевременно, экономит много труда впоследствии.
(ST) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Here we can use only describing method:
(TT) Нескончаемая работа без отдыха и развлечения делает Джека скучным малым.
(TT) Умей дело делать - умей и позабавиться.
(TT) Мешай дело с бездельем, проживешь век с весельем.
(ST) Не works best who knows his trade.
This proverb has only one variant in Russian language:
(TT) Дело мастера боится.
Also, we can use calkque method:
(TT) Лучше всех работает тот, кто знает свое дело.
(ST) Head cook and bottle-washer.
This saying has no variants or equivalents, if we use calkque method our translation will say to us nothing, so we have to describe it:
(TT) И шеф-повар и судомойка. Доверенный слуга, мастер на все руки.
(ST) If things were to be done twice all would be wise.
This one has no variants or equivalents, so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Если бы можно было все делать вторично, все были бы мудрецами.
(ST) If we can't as we would, we must do as we can.
This one has no variants or equivalents, so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Если мы не умеем сделать, как нам хочется, надо делать как можется.
(ST) If you want a thing well done, do it yourself.
This proverb has no variants or equivalents, so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Если хочешь, чтобы дело было сделано хорошо, делай его сам.
(ST) In every beginning think of the end.
This saying has four variants:
(TT) Начиная что-либо, всегда думай о конце
(TT) С самого начала думай о конце.
(TT) Начиная дело, о конце помышляй.
(TT) Не мудрено начать, мудрено кончить.
and one equivalent:
(TT) если берешься за дело, продумай его до конца.
Most of all I like the equivalent "если берешься за дело, продумай его до конца.", so I'll choose it.
(ST) Many hands make light work.
There are two variants of this proverb:
(TT) Берись дружно, не будет грузно.
(TT) Дружно - не грузно, а врозь - хоть брось.
I think the second is better.
(ST) No pains, no gains.
This saying could be translated with well-known Russian proverb:
(TT) Без труда не вытащишь и рыбку из пруда.
(ST) All lay load on the willing horse
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) На добросовестную лошадь все груз взваливают.
(TT) Ретивому коню всегда работы вдвое, а тот же корм
The best variant, I think is the second one.
(ST) As you sow, so shall you reap
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Как посеешь, так и пожнешь,
(TT) Что посеешь, то и пожнешь
The best variant, I think is the first one.
(ST) Bad beginning makes a bad ending
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Плохое начало ведет к плохому концу;
(TT) плохому началу - плохой конец;
(TT) плохое начало не к доброму концу
The best variant, I think is the second one.
(ST) Better to do well than to say well
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Лучше хорошо поступать, чем хорошо говорить.
(TT) Сказано - не доказано, надо сделать.
(TT) От слова до дела - бабушкина верста
I like the first one.
(ST) Better untaught than ill-taught
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Лучше быть необученным, чем плохо обученным.
(TT) Недоученный хуже неученого.
(TT) Полузнание хуже незнания.
I like the first one.
(ST) Business before pleasure
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Сначала дело, потом развлечения.
(TT) Делу время, потехе час.
(TT) Сделай дело, гуляй смело
I like the third one.
(ST) By doing nothing we learn to do ill
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Ничего не делая, мы учимся дурным делам.
(TT) Праздность (безделье) - мать всех пороков.
(TT) На безделье всякая дурь в голову лезет
I like the third one.
(ST) Doing is better than saying
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Чем говорить, так лучше делать.
(TT) Не спеши языком, торопись делом
I like the first one.
(ST) Don't have the cloak to make when it begins to rain
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Не принимайся шить себе плащ, когда начинает идти дождь.
(TT) Когда на охоту ехать, тогда и собак кормить
I like the first one.
(ST) Drive the nail that will go
This proverb has four variants:
(TT) Вбивай гвоздь, который вбивается.
(TT) Делай то, что возможно; не пытайсяделать невозможное.
(TT) Стены лбом не прошибешь.
(TT) На рожон не лезь.
The best variant, I think is the second one.
(ST) Easier said than done Легче сказать, чем сделать.
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Легко сказка сказывается, да не легко дело делается.
(TT) Сказано - не доказано, надо сделать
I will chose the first variant.
(ST) Everybody's business is nobody's business
This proverb has four variants:
(TT) Общее дело - ничье дело.
(TT) Дело, порученное всем, остается несделанным, так как каждый надеется на другого.
(TT) Во всяком деле должно быть ответственное лицо.
(TT) У семи нянек дитя без глазу
I will chose the third variant.
(ST) Experience keeps no school, she teaches her pupils singly
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) У опыта нет общей школы, своих учеников он учит порознь
(ST) Good beginning makes a good ending
This proverb has four variants:
(TT) Хорошее начало обеспечивает хороший конец.
(TT) Путное начало приводит к путному концу.
(TT) Зачин дело красит.
(TT) Лиха беда начало
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) Good words and no deeds
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Одни красивые слова, а дел не видно.
(TT) Где много слов, там мало дела
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) От того, кто себя не любит, и людям толку не будет
(ST) He who makes no mistakes, makes nothing
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Кто не ошибается, тот ничего не делает.
(ST) If things were to be done twice all would be wise
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Если бы можно было все делать вторично, все были бы мудрецами
And one variant:
(TT) Задним умом всяк крепок
I like the variant.
(ST) Make hay while the sun shines
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Коси сено, пока солнце светит.
(TT) Куй железо, пока горячо.
(TT) Коси коса, пока роса
I like the third variant.
(ST) Measure thrice and cut once
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Три раза отмерь, один раз отрежь.
(TT) Семь раз отмерь, один раз отрежь
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) Saying and doing are two things
This proverb has four variants:
(TT) Сказать и сделать - две разные вещи.
(TT) Скоро только говорится, а не скоро дело делается.
(TT) Сказано - не доказано, надо сделать.
(TT) От слова до дела - бабушкина верста (сто перегонов)
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) Self done is soon done
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Скоро делается то, что делается своими руками
(ST) Self done is well done
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Хорошо делается то, что делается своими руками
(ST) Strike while the iron is hot
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Куй железо, пока горячо
(ST) Such carpenters, such chips
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Каковы плотники, таковы и щепки.
(TT) Видно мастера по работе.
(TT) Каков мастер, такова и работа
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) The cobbler should stick to his last
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Сапожнику следует держаться за свою колодку.
(TT) Не за свое дело не берись.
(TT) Беда коли сапожник начнет печь пироги, а кузнец тачать сапоги
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) The end crowns the work
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Конец венчает дело.
(TT) Конец - делу венец
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) The tongue of idle persons is never idle
This proverb has one variant:
(TT) Бездельники всегда языком трудятся
(ST) What is worth doing at alt is worth doing well.
This proverb has only one equivalent:
(TT) Если уж делать, так делать хорошо.
Translation proverbs and sayings about wearing.
(ST) It fits like a glove.
This saying has two variants:
(TT) Подходить, словно перчатка.
(TT) Как по Сеньке шапка.
I like the first variant, so I' choose it.
(ST) A cat in gloves catches no mice.
This proverb has no equivalents or variants, we need to use calkque method:
(TT) Кот в перчатках мышей не поймает.
But the meaning isn't clear, so we have to use describing method:
(TT) Если берешься за дело, не боись испачкаться.
(ST) As welcome as water in one's shoes.
This saying has great deal of variants, here are the best known two:
(TT) Нужен, как собаке пятая нога.
(TT) Нужен, как пятое колесо в телеге.
(ST) Borrowed garments never fit well.
This proverb has two variants:
(TT) Чужая корка рот дерет.
(TT) Чужая одёжа - не надёжа.
From these two I'll better choose the second one. Both have the same and clear meaning, but the second is about clothing as s. t.
(ST) Cut your coat according to your cloth.
This proverb has no variants or equivalents, so we should use calking method:
(TT) При кройке исходи из наличного материала.
The meaning is kept with the s. t., so we don't have to describe it.
(ST) Good clothes open all doors.
This proverb has one variant:
(TT) По одежде встречают.
Also, we can use calkque method:
(TT) Хорошая одежда открывает все двери.
(ST) Не goes long barefoot that waits for dead man's shoes.
This proverb has three well-known Russian variants:
(TT) На чужое богатство не надейся.
(TT) Чужое добро впрок не пойдет.
(TT) На чужом жиру далеко не уедешь.
But I think all of them don't express all the meaning of s. t., so I'll use calkque method:
(TT) Кто ждет обуви, которая останется после покойника, тот долго ходит босым.
(ST) Не that has по head needs no hat.
This proverb has no variants or equivalents, so I have to use calkque method:
(TT) Тому, у кого головы нет, и шапка не нужна.
(ST) Iron hand (fist) in a velvet glove.
This saying has no variants or equivalents, so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Железная рука в бархатной перчатке.
But it doesn't say anything to us, so we need to explain it:
(TT) Мягко стелет, да жестко спать.
(ST) Stretch your arm no further than your sleeve will reach.
There is only one equivalent:
(TT) He тяни руку дальше рукава.
(ST) That's where the shoe pinches!
This saying has one variant:
(TT) Вот где собака зарыта.
(ST) The cap fits.
This saying has two variants:
(TT) Не в бровь, а в глаз.
(TT) На воре шапка горит.
I think that the first variant: "Не в бровь, а в глаз. ” Is better then the second one, so I'll choose it.
(ST) The cobbler's wife is the worst shod.
This saying has one variant:
(TT) Сапожник ходит без сапог.
(ST) They are hand and glove.
This saying has two variants:
(TT) Их сам чёрт связал веревочкой.
(TT) Их водой не разольешь.
and only one equivalent:
(TT) Они неразлучны, словно рука и перчатка.
I think that the equivalent: "Они неразлучны, словно рука и перчатка. ” Is better, so I' choose it.
(ST) When the pinch comes, you remember the old shoe.
This proverb has only one equivalent:
(TT) Когда новый ботинок начинает жать, вспоминаешь старый
Also only one variant:
(TT) Что имеем, не храним, потерявши, плачем.
I think, that the variant: "Что имеем, не храним, потерявши, плачем. ”
Is better, so I' choose it.
(ST) Wash your dirty linen at home.
This saying has only one variant:
(TT) Не выноси сора из избы.
Translation proverbs and sayings about love.
(ST) The falling out of lovers is the renewing of love
This proverb has one variant:
(TT) Милые бранятся, только тешатся.
(ST) Faults are thick where love is thin
This proverb has four variants:
(TT) Много недостатков видят в тех, кого мало любят.
(TT) Bсe терплю, потому что люблю.
(TT) Милому мила - и без белил бела.
(TT) Кого не любят, того и не слушаю.
I will chose the third variant.
(ST) For the love of the game
This saying has two variants:
(TT) Из любви к игре.
(TT) Из любви к искусству
I think, the second one is better.
(ST) Beauty lies in lover's eyes
This proverb has three variants:
(TT) Красота - в глазах любящего.
(TT) Не красивая красива, а любимая.
(TT) Не по хорошему мил, а по-милому хорош.
The best variant, I think is the second one.
(ST) Hatred is blind, as well as love.
This proverb has many variants:
(TT) Страсти затуманивают разум.
(TT) У огня не бывает прохлады, у гнева-рассудка.
(TT) Любовь слепа - полюбишь и козла
and one equivalent:
(TT) Ненависть, как и любовь, слепа.
But I'll better choose the second variant to translate this proverb, because it is very easy, clear and the same with s. t.
(ST) Не that has no children knows not what love is.
This proverb has no variants or equivalents, so I have to use calkque method:
(TT) Тот, у кого нет детей, не знает, что такое любовь.
(ST) Love cannot be forced.
There are two variants of this proverb:
(TT) Насильно мил не будешь.
(TT) Сердцу не прикажешь.
I think, the second one is better, so I'll choose it.
(ST) Love in a cottage.
This saying has no equivalents in Russian, but we can translate it with well known Russian proverb:
(TT) С милым рай и в шалаше.
(ST) Love me, love my dog.
This saying has no variants in Russian so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Любишь меня, люби и собаку мою.
(ST) Love will creep where it may not go.
There are two variants of this proverb:
(TT) для любви нет преград.
(TT) На любовь закона нет.
Both are suitable, but I think, that calkque method is the best in this cause:
(TT) Там, где нет прямого пути, любовь ползком проберется.
(ST) No herb will cure love.
There is only one variant:
(TT) Любовь не пожар, а загорится - не потушишь.
and only one equivalent:
(TT) Любви никаким зельем не излечишь.
I think that equivalent is better.
(ST) Salt water and absence wash away love.
This proverb has no variants in Russian so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Любовь пропадает во время долгого плавания.
(ST) The heart that once truly loves never forgets.
This proverb has no variants in Russian so we have to use calkque method:
(TT) Сердце, которое хоть раз по-настоящему любит, никогда не забывает.
(ST) He is up to the ears in love.
This saying has only one equivalent in Russian:
(TT) Быть влюбленным по уши.
(ST) Devil doesn't love holy water.
This saying has two variants:
(TT) И собака палки боиться.
(TT) Большая птица, да камня боится.
I like the first variant, so I' choose it.
(ST) Love laughs at locksmiths
This proverb has only one variant:
(TT) Любовь смеется над замками
(ST) Love makes all hearts gentle
This proverb has only one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь смягчает сердца
(ST) Love is stronger than death
This proverb has only one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь сильнее смерти.
And one variant:
(TT) Нет ничего сильнее, чем любовь.
I think, the variant is better.
Conclusion
There are many definitions of proverbs and sayings. There is a grate number of books, works and other fiction, devoted to this beautiful part of every language. I have said that proverbs and sayings were the great and beautiful part, because they appeared prom folk's thoughts and minds. They express the whole historical culture of the country, because proverbs and sayings didn't appear in one day, they were forming during ages and nowadays they are also creating.
My course work is devoted to English proverbs and sayings and how to translate them into Russian language, how not to loose the original meaning of ST and how to express it into Russian. During my work I had a great pleasure, because it is very interesting theme to discover, and also it is very actual in interpreter's job.
Finishing my work I can say, that there is no language without proverbs and sayings. It is the large part of every language, and it is very interesting work to translate them, because in every language proverbs and sayings have different lexical and grammatical peculiarities. There is special methodic, including calque method, method of describing, methods of finding equivalents and variants of ST.
I always thought that translating English proverbs into Russian language is very difficult work, but I was wrong. It isn't very difficult. Everything depends on interpreter's knowledge.
Every text, not only proverbs and sayings, but any other texts must be carefully looked through, if it is written text. If it's oral speech, an interpreter have to be very attentive and carefully listen to the speaker for not to make any mistakes. When the speaker says a proverb or saying, an interpreter mustn't translate it! He need to find the right method to translate that proverb or saying with in the language, he translates to. If he can't find the right one, he may make an attend to express the meaning of that proverb. But there are many cases, when a proverb doesn't have clear meaning…. That's why an interpreter has to know the
culture of the language he translates into. If he does, there wouldn't be any problems to find the proverb with the same meaning.
During my work I realized many things for myself. For example, I didn't know that there are a number of methods to translate proverbs and sayings with. Also I didn't know that finding an equivalent and finding a variant are two different methods, I thought that they are the same.
In my work I tried to describe where and when proverbs and sayings appeared, why they are needed, what proverb and sayings express, how to work with them, and how to translate them. Also I have made many examples to show everything on practice.
Bibliography
Al Cooper. The World Book Encyclopedia 1976.
William George Smith. The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs 1935.
Даль В.И. Пословицы русского народа. 1993.
Дубровин М.И. Английские и русские пословицы и поговорки в иллюстрациях. 1995.
Кунин А.В. Англо-русский фразеологический словарь. 1984.
Мезеника М.В. Поговорим о поговорках. 1993
Палей О.И. Работа с пословицами и поговорками на уроке английского языка в IX классе. 2000
РейдаутР., Уиттинг К. Пословицы и поговорки 1961.
Рыбникова М.А. Английский язык в пословицах и поговорках. 1980.
Серсекенова В.Ж. Пособие по практическому переводу с английского языка на русский. 2000 г.
Стефанович Т.А., Швыдкая Л.И. Толковый словарь английских пословиц. 1997.
Glossary
self-evident - очевидный, само собой разумеющийся, не требующий доказательств
brief - краткий, сжатый; лаконичный
vividly - ярко
wisdom - здравый смысл, разумность, благоразумие
didactical - менторский
contrary - нечто обратное, противоположное; противоположность
sources - источник
announcing - объявлять, давать знать; заявлять; извещать
theological - теологический, богословский
brevity - сжатость, краткость
wit - разум, ум
valiant - храбрый, отважный, доблестный
dunghill - навозная куча
creaking - скрипучий
hinges - петля
bargain - соглашение, сделка,
beggar - бедняк, нищий
anvil - наковальня
stitch - стежок
gains - доходы
alt - высокий звук
garments - одежда
barefoot - босой, без обуви
pinches - мозоли, натертости
shoe - подковывать
linen - полотно; парусина, холст
creep - ползти, пробираться
herb - зелье, травяная настойка
Appendix
(ST) Make or mar.
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Либо сделай, либо испорть.
And two variants:
(TT) Либо пан, либо пропал.
(TT) Либо шерсти клок, либо вилы в бок
I think, the equivalent is better.
(ST) Love conquers all
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь все побеждает.
And one variant:
(TT) У любви нет преград
I think, the variant is better.
(ST) Love will find a way
This proverb has only one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь дорогу найдет.
(ST) Love lives in cottages as well as in courts
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь живет и в лачугах, и во дворцах
And one variant:
(TT) С милым и в шалаше рай.
I think, the variant is better.
(ST) It is love that makes the world go around
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь заставляет мир вращаться
And one variant:
(TT) Любовь миром движет
I think, the equivalent is better.
(ST) Love is ageless
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TTЛюбовь не имеет возраста
And one variant:
(TT) Любви все возрасты покорны.
I think, the variant is better.
(ST) Love is not found in the market
This proverb has one equivalent:
(TT) Любовь нельзя купить на рынке
And one variant:
(TT) Любовь не купишь.
I think, the variant is better.
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