Склонение во времени

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1. Откройте скобки, используя Present Continuous или Present Indefinite

1. She is wearing a new hat today. 2. Jack never wears a hat.3. I get up at eight o'clock in the morning.4. He gets up. 5. What are you saying? I am not hearing you well enough. 6. It is getting late. It's time to go home. 7. It gets dark early in winter. 8. Listen! Somebody is singing in the hall. 9. She sings well and she has a good ear to music. 10. When it is foggy in London, cars move very slowly. 11. Our train is moving very fast.

2. Откройте скобки, используя Past Continuous или Past Indefinite

1. What were you doing at five yesterday? 2. She was listening to her favorite programme when I entered the room. 3. We couldn't walk fast. He was carrying a heavy bag. 4 Many people were moving along the streets. 5. The orchestra was playing dance music. 6. «Why didn't you come to see us in June? "» I was busy, I was finishing my course paper.» 7. At what did she begin to work? 8. He bought this dictionary in London. 9. I was buying something at a shop when I heard that somebody was calling my name. 10. When he lived in London, he went to the theatre once a week. 11. It was difficult to understand him. He was speaking too fast. 12. She stayed with her aunt in July.

3. Переведите следующие предложения, используя Past Continuous или Past Indefinite

1. Наш поезд шел очень быстро, я не успевал читать названия станций» которые мы проезжали. 2. Когда поезд тронулся, он что-то крикнул мне, но я ничего не слышал. 3. Когда я добрался до станции, уже темнело. 4. Мы вызвали врача, когда поняли, что ее состояние ухудшается. 5. Когда вы видели ее в последний раз? Ї Я не помню точно, но знаю, что это было в прошлом году. 6. Вчера в это время мы были еще в поезде и ехали по Украине. 7. Когда он зажег свет, он увидел, что кто-то спал на кровати. 8. Когда поезд прибыл, мы все стояли на платформе. 9. Я завтракал в маленьком кафе на станции, когда я увидел его в окне. Он стоял с цветами и ждал кого-то.

1. Our train was going very fast, I did not have time to read the names of the stations that we passed. 2. When the train started, he shouted to me something, but I heard nothing. 3. When I got to the station, it was getting dark. 4. We called the doctor, when we realized that her condition was getting worse. 5. When did you see her last? - I do not remember exactly, but I know that was past year. 6. Yesterday at this time we were still on the train and went to Ukraine. 7. When he turned on the light, he saw that someone was sleeping on the bed. 8. When the train arrived, we were all standing on the platform. 9. I was having breakfast in a small cafe at the station when I saw him in the window. He was standing with flowers and waiting for someone.

4. Составьте предложения, используя Past Continuous

1. It was getting dark when we returned.

2. Mother was in the kitchen when the telegram came.

3. We were playing tennis in the garden when suddenly it began to rain.

4. It was still raining when I looked out of the window.

5. He was writing business letters when the door bell rang.

6. She was smiling when he turned to her.

7. The train was coming to the station when we arrived

5. Используйте Present Perfect Continuous в следующих предложениях

Model 1: He has already written this letter (since morning).

He has been writing this letter since morning.

1. They have been building the theatre for two years. 2. We have been discussing all these problems for a week. 3. I've been helping her with her work since she came to his office. 4. He has been reading this book all week. 5. She has been teaching them how to do it for years. 6. What has been happening here while I have been away? 7. Has he been reading the book long? 8. I've been looking through today's newspapers since the postman brought them.

Model 2: They are playing football now (since lunch time). They have been playing football since lunch time.

1. She has been waiting for you in the hall for twenty minutes. 2. It's been raining heavily since early morning. 3. I have been looking for a book which I've put somewhere since I returned from the office. 4. They have been making engines at this plant since 1984. 5. They have been translating an article from a magazine for two hours. 6. The child has been crying all morning. 7. I have been reading «Dombey and Son» this week.

6. Откройте скобки используя Perfect Continuous

1. What have you been doing for the past two weeks? 2. Suddenly she understood that she has been speaking for a long time and it was time to stop. 3. He has been painting this picture for two years and I don't know when he is going to finish it. 4. Do you want to know what has been happening since you went away? What I want to know is what you have been doing while I have been away? 5. He took out his watch and looked at it. It was two o'clock. It meant that, he has been waiting since 10 o'clock. 6. For the past few minutes I have been trying to explain to you that you can't make me go there. 7. You're sure you're well, Jack? I have been thinking that this week is a bit hard for your age. 8. The boys have been fighting for some time when the door opened and the teacher came info the classroom.

7. Откройте скобки

1. He has never read this book. 2. I often meet him upstairs. 3. I have been trying to get her on the phone for about 20 minutes. 4. She has studied English for a year and has learnt many words and expressions. 5. He has known it since yesterday. 6. I have been looking for him since I left the hotel but I haven't found him. I have been to other hotels but there is no visitor of that name anywhere. 7. I'm sorry, - have you been waiting long? 8. No, I have just come down. 9. He is working in colors of late and he is doing one or two pictures this week. 10. I have just remembered. That woman over there - she has been sitting here since the last bus left. 11. I came to you to ask for some information. 12. I suppose this young man has told you who I am? 13. I don't know what you have been doing there all this time. 14. We have been living here for a month and it has rained only once.

8. Закончите предложения Past Perfect

1. He told her that he had bought a TV set a year ago. 2. The man at the station said that the train had already left. 3. Mary told me that she had not got a letter from her son yet. 4. He understood that he had got off at the wrong station. 5. He said that his parents had always lived in the country. 6. I didn't know that she had changed her address. 7. He didn't remember how it all had happened. 8. We were sure that she had told the truth. 9. I saw the child had caught a cold. 10. She hoped that I had already paid for the tickets. 11. When he woke up next morning and looked out of the window, he understood that it had rained heavily during the night.

9. Откройте скобки. Используя Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous

1. I wrote the letter. I had been trying to write it for weeks. 2. He had known the girl since she was a small child and had managed her affairs since she came of age. 3. Lanny said nothing till they were in the dressing-room where they had left their coats. 4. He was quite sure he had seen that face somewhere. She asked me to help her. 5. She asked me to help her because she knew that I had still been working for you. She knew I had helped you for years. She knew I had helped you to solve that missing luggage case. 6. By midnight she lost hope to ever see me again and started to phone the hospitals. 7. The cheerful girl who had come in with Eve was introduced at last. 8. I learnt that nothing had been done though I had left detailed instructions.

10. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, используя Passive form

1. Его можно было видеть в саду в любую погоду. 2. Яблоко разрезано на четыре части. 3. Потолки всегда красят в белый цвет. 4. За игрой следили с большим вниманием. 5. Дом был продан за большую сумму. 6. Правила уличного движения должны всегда соблюдаться. 7. Эти предметы изучаются на первом курсе. 8. Детей поведут в театр в воскресенье. 9. Такие туфли нельзя носить в плохую погоду. 10. Их встретят на станции. 11. Вечер будет организован в конце семестра. 12. Чем она была так расстроена? 13. Он не сразу заметил, что окно было разбито. 14. Эти Документы были утеряны вчера.

1. He could be seen in the garden at any weather.2. Apple is cut into four parts. 3. Ceilings are always painted into white. 4. The game was being watched with great attention. 5. The house was sold for a high price. 6. Rules of traffic must always be complied. 7. These subjects are taught in the first year. 8. Children will be led to the theater on Sunday. 9. Such shoes should not be worn in bad weather. 10. They will be met at the station. 11. The event will be organized at the end of the semester. 12. What was she so upset? 13. He did not notice at once that the window was broken. 14. These documents were lost yesterday.

11. Откройте скобки, используя Passive form

1. This book was written many years ago, but it is still read with great interest. 2. By whom was this movie made? 3. This house was painted two years ago and I don't know when it will be painted again. 4. What factory will be shown to the tourists tomorrow? 5. Library books must not be kept longer than two weeks. 6. These facts are mentioned in his report. 7. When was the advertisement placed in the newspaper? 8. This museum is visited by thousands of people every year. 9. I am afraid our holidays will be spoilt by bad weather. 10. When were the windows washed last? 11. Who was the story translated by? 12. He was given two days to think the matter over. 13. We were shown a new film. 14. The instructions are given to everybody. 15. He was told that she had finished school the year before.

12. Переведите на английский язык

1. За ним послали. 2. За детьми там будет хороший уход. 3. О ней всегда много говорят. 4. Почему над ним всегда смеются? 5. Об этом будут много говорить. 6. Их никогда не слушали. 7. О нем заботятся. 8. Над ней не будут смеяться, если она будет поступать правильно. 9. У него нет родителей, о нем надо позаботиться. 10. В прошлом году за ним присматривала его сестра. 11. Она такая несерьезная. Над ней часто смеются. 12. Когда он болеет, за ней часто посылают.

1. He was sent for. 2. The children will be taken good care for there. 3. She is always much spoken about. 4. Why is he always laughed at? 5. This will be much talked about. 6. They were never heard. 7. He is taken care of. 8. She will not laughed at if she behaves right. 9. He has no parents, he needs to be taken care of. 10. Last year, he was taken care of by his sister. 11. She's so unserious. She is often laughed at. 12. When he is sick, she is often sent for.

13. Откройте скобки

1. She looked a different girl. Her face was washed, her hair was combed. All traces of tears were removed. 2. We could see the tracks where the car was dragged off the road.

3. Look! There is nothing here. Everything is taken away.

4. We were told to wait because the man was just being questioned. 5. If anyone comes in you will be found looking through his papers. 6. We can't get there in time. 7. By the time we get there the papers will be destroyed. 8. Why is nothing being done about it at the time? 9. You can't go in. She is being interviewed for the TV. 10. She promised that morning that nothing will be done till he came back. 11. I had a most unpleasant feeling that I was watched.

предложение перевод вопросительный continuous

14. Поставьте следующие предложения а) в вопросительную форму; b) в отрицательную форму

a) 1. You have taken my note-book. - Have you taken my note-book? 2. His sister has passed her examinations. - Has his sister passed her examinations? 3. Her brother has entered Moscow University. - Has her brother entered Moscow University? 4. The children have already had breakfast. - Have the children already had breakfast? 5. The teacher has just come. - Has the teacher just come? 6. The students have been busy the whole day. - Have the students been busy the whole day? 7. She has translated this article. - Has she translated this article? 8. The delegation has returned home. - Has the delegation returned home? 9. You have often visited this theatre. - Have you often visited this theatre? 10. They have heard much about it. - Have they heard much about it? 11. You have been to Leningrad (ever). - Have you ever been to Leningrad?

b) 1. Our professor has come from London (yet). - Our professor hasn't come from London yet. 2. I have written a letter to Ann. - I haven't written a letter to Ann. 3. They have opened the shop. - They haven't opened the shop. 4. My friend has changed since I saw him last. - My friend hasn't changed since I saw him last. 5. He has told the director about it. - He hasn't told the director about it. 6. She has spoken at the meeting today. - She hasn't spoken at the meeting today.7. I have done my homework. - I haven't done my homework.8. We have met them (since 1960). - We haven't met them since 1960. 9. I have studied this subject (never). - I have never studied this subject.

15. Переведите на английский язык

1. Кого вы ждете? - Я жду друга. - Вы давно его ждете? - Да, я жду его уже около получаса. 2. Что вы переводите? - Я перевожу политическую статью. - Как долго вы ее переводите? - Я перевожу ее уже час. 3. Я перевожу восемь или десять статей в неделю. 4. Где мой дневник? - Он лежит на вашем письменном столе. 5. Ваша книга лежит здесь уже несколько дней. Возьмите ее. 6. Мы знаем друг друга очень хорошо. 7. Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как я приехал в Петербург. 8. Г-н Браун - директор нашего завода. Он директор завода с 1990 г. 9. Мой брат живет в Омске. - С каких пор он живет там? - Он живет там с 1985 г.

1. Who are you waiting for? - I'm waiting for a friend. - How long have you been waiting for him? - Yes, I have been waiting for him for about an hour. 2. What are you translating? - I am translating a political article. - How long have you been translating it? - I've been translating it for an hour. 3. I translate eight or ten articles a week. 4. Where is my diary? - It's lying on your desk. 5. Your book has been lying here for a few days. Take it. 6. We know each other very well. 7. We've known each other since I came to St. Petersburg. 8. Mr. Brown is a director of our factory. He has been a director of the factory since 1990 9. My brother lives in Omsk. - Since when does he live there? - He has lived there since 1985.

16. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Present Perfect или Past Indefinite

1. Have you read that magazine yet? - No, I have only just begun it. 2. Has Stepanov left Moscow? - No, he is still in Moscow. 3. When did the delegation arrive in Kiev? - It arrived yesterday. 4. I did not see Ann at the lecture. 5. I have not seen this film yet, but I have heard a lot about it. 6. He isn't here, he has just gone out. 7. I have had no news from him since he left home. 8. We have discussed the matter during breakfast. 9. I cannot give you a definite answer as I haven't discussed the matter with the manager.

17. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в требуемом по смыслу времени

1. The ship was going to the north when a storm broke out. 2. By this time next year you will have graduated from the University. 3. He is becoming a doctor now. 4. They were driving at about ninety miles an hour when the accident happened. 5. Although the weather has been fine during the last few days, this spring is not a good one on the whole. 6. When I got to the station, I learnt that the bus had left a few minutes before. 7. He generally plays baseball very well, but today he is playing very badly. 8. All last week he has been preparing for the exam. 9. That man has been teaching in this school since 1992. 10. Water changes into ice when the temperature drops below zero. 11. We saw your brother a year ago, but we have not seen him since then. 12. It had rained every day since we came here. 13. When we reached the wood, we found that a party of strangers occupied the spot which we had chosen for our picnic. 14. Kindly repeat what you have just said. 15. I only succeed) in solving the problem after I had worked on it for several hours. 16. He reminded me that we had been classmates at school. 17. My brother remained in Saratov till the end of the war. 18. I heard that you had given up the idea of studying French. 19. Up to now I have not heard anything from him. 20. He have been a correspondent for The Times since 1981. 21. Come to my room as soon as you return. 22. I had known him ever since we were children. 23. I shall cash the cheque as soon as the bank is opened. 24. He said he would have reached home by midnight 25. By the time he is thirty he becomes a great pianist. 26. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, but said nothing. 27. Dima went to St Petersburg last year and had worked there since then. 28. When I get back, they will probably have supper. 29. He very much wanted to go to the Far East as he has never been there.

18. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно)

AUDITING

The profession of the auditor is considered to be one of the most prestigious and well-paid. Auditors are accountants who analyze financial statements of the company and their responsibility is to express an opinion as to whether the accuracy of the company's financial reporting meets the requirements imposed by the government. In general, auditors deal more with operating efficiency and managerial effectiveness than with the accuracy of the accounting data.

Internal auditors are known to be hired by the company in order to help to identify accounting weaknesses and correct them before significant errors occur. They are often analytically minded people who make flowcharts of accounting systems and evaluate these flowcharts to suggest improvements in division of labour, paper flow, cash control, or other accounting responsibilities.

Independent auditors are employed by the company's Board of Directors to supply the stockholders with the results of checking the financial statements, in order to prove that annual reports are fair representations of the financial position of the company. Performing his work the auditor should follow several principles and assumptions: the company's accounts must represent a true financial position; generally accepted accounting principles have been used at all accounting steps and accounts can be compared with, those of similar companies; the proper amount of information is disclosed in the financial statements. As a result, the auditor's opinion should be based only on facts and it must be objective. Auditors are expected to maintain the relationship of strict independence and professionalism with the companies for whom they work, so they mustn't hold shares in these companies. On the one hand, the auditor should respect the client's confidence, so having the access to some private information the auditor must not spread it outside. On the other hand, he should think of public interests, that is why he must publish his opinion in a standard form and the information is to be clear to the stockholders. But he must always carry out his duties under the law and inform authorities about fraud.

АУДИТ

Профессия аудитора считается одним из самых престижных и хорошо оплачиваемых. Аудиторы являются бухгалтерами, которые анализируют финансовую отчетность компании и их ответственность заключается в выражении мнения относительно того, что точность финансовой отчетности компании соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым правительством. В общем, аудиторы больше имеют дело с операционной эффективностью и управленческой эффективностью, чем с точностью данных бухгалтерского учета. Внутренние аудиторы, как известно, нанимаются компанией для того, чтобы помочь выявить незначительные погрешности учета и исправить их во избежание грубых ошибок. Они часто бывают аналитически мыслящие люди, которые делают блок-схемы систем учета и оценивают эти схемы, чтобы предложить меры по улучшению разделения труда, поток бумаги, контроля денежных средств, или других обязанностей бухгалтерского учета. Независимые аудиторы нанимаются советом директоров компании, чтобы предоставлять акционерам результаты проверки финансовой отчетности, для того, чтобы доказать, что годовые отчеты - это справедливое представление о финансовом положении компании. Выполняя свою работу аудитор должен соблюдать ряд принципов и допущений: счета компании должны представлять собой истинное финансовое положение; общепринятые принципы бухгалтерского учета были использованы при всех бухгалтерских шагов и счета можно сравнить в аналогичных компаниях; надлежащее количество информации раскрывается в финансовой отчетности. В результате, мнение аудитора должно основываться только на фактах, и оно должно быть объективным. Аудиторы должны поддерживать отношения строгой независимости и профессионализма с компаниями, с которыми они работают, поэтому они не должны владеть акциями этих компаний. С одной стороны, аудитор должен уважать доверие клиента, поэтому имея доступ к некоторой конфиденциальной информации аудитор не должен распространять ее. С другой стороны, он должен думать и об общественных интересах, поэтому он должен опубликовать свое мнение в стандартной форме, а информация должна быть ясной для акционеров. Но он всегда должен выполнять свои обязанности в соответствии с законом и информировать власти о мошенничестве.

19. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту

1. What do auditors analyze?

a) wages calculation

b) cost budgeting

c) complex system of financial statements

2. Why should an auditor be totally independent in his job?

a) because he should represent the interests of the company he carries out an audit for

b) because he must carry out auditing in accordance with the law

c) because he is a member of the Board of Directors

3. Who are internal auditors hired by?

a) the company's shareholders

b) the company`s Board of Directors

c) some independent organizations

20. Закончите предложения по содержанию текста

1. Internal auditors are employed __ _ c) __.

a) to merge the companies

b) to suggest upgrading accounting responsibility

c) to analyze managerial effectiveness

2. Independent auditors are hired __ c) ___.

a) to supply shareholders with bonuses

b) to inform the shareholders about the changes within the company

c) to prove that annual reports are fair representations of the company's financial position

3. The proper amount of information is disclosed __ a) ___.

a) in the financial statement

b) at press conferences

c) in reports at official meetings

4. The profession of the auditor is considered to be __ a)___.

a) well-paid

b) one of the less prestigious

c) a badly-paid one

5. The company's accounts must represent __ b)___.

a) shareholders' opinion

b) flowcharts of the accounting system

c) a true financial position

21. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию

1. исправление ошибок

a) error correction b) statistical correction c) net balance correction

2. независимый бухгалтер ревизор

a) assistant auditor b) independent auditor c) internal auditor

3 смета

a) statement b) fund c) debt

4 блок-схема

a) bar chart b) diagram c) flowchart

5. данные

a) date b) data c) datum

6. выполнять

a) spread b) carry out c) evaluate

15. доверие

a)

confidence b) respect c) privacy

22. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного

1. Auditor's responsibility is to express an opinion as to whether the accuracy of the company's financial reporting meets the requirements imposed by the government

а) Аудитор отвечает за точность финансового отчета компании, чтобы отвечать правительственным требованиям.

b) Правительство требует, чтобы действия аудитора соответствовали требованиям компании.

с) В обязанности аудитора входит составление заключения о соответствии финансового отчета компании государственным требованиям.

2. International auditors are known to be hired in order to help to identify according weaknesses errors occur.

а) Известные внутренние аудиторы нанимаются компанией для опознания их слабых сторон и исправления всех ошибок.

b) Внутренних аудиторов, как известно, нанимают компании для того, чтобы вскрыть незначительные погрешности бухгалтерского учета и исправить их во избежание грубых ошибок.

3. On the one hand, the auditor should respect the client's confidence, on the other hand, he should think of public interests.

а) С одной стороны, аудитор должен уважать доверие клиента, с другой стороны, он должен заботиться об общественных интересах.

b) С левой руки, аудитор должен уважать доверие клиента, с правой - общественные интересы.

с) По левую руку у аудитора должно стоять уважение клиента, по правую - интересы общественности.

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