По замовчуванню, системні користувачі відносяться до групи nogroup існуючу групу, використовуйте опцію --gid чи --ingroup групу з таким же ID, використовуйте опцію --group. Домашній каталог створюється по тим же правилам що і для нормальний користувачів. Новий системний користувач буде мати в якості shell'а /bin/false і мати заборонений пароль. Конфігураційний файли з SKEL скопійовані не будуть. Якщо adduser створив домашній каталог і нову групу для системного користувача, то він устанавит права групи суперкористувача на цей каталог.

Додати системну групу

Якщо adduser був викликаний з опцією --group чи був викликаний addgroup , то буде додана системна група.

Перевагами даної програми є те шо при запуску непотрібно вказувати ніяких опцій ( при запуску useradd потрібно або вказувати декілька опцій для правильного створення користувацького облікового запису або після закінчення виконання програми відкривати файл /etc/passwd і виправляти все самому).

СПИСОК ВИКОРИСТАНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ

1. Секреты UNIX, 2-е изд. : Пер. с англ. - М. : Издательський дом « Вильямс », 2001. - 928с.

2. LINUX. Л. Кунин, Р. Рассел. - BHV - Киев, 1998.

3. Знакомство с UNIX. С. Золотов. - СПб.: BHV - Санк-Петербург, 1998.

4. Операцыонные системы. Энциклопедия пользователя. Марк А. Спортак и др.; перев. с англ. - Киев, ДиаСофт, 1998.

5. Основы UNIX. Учебное руководство для специалистов. Дж. Челлис, Ч. Перкинс; перевод с англ. - Лори, 1997.

6. Linux для чайников. Учебный курс, 2-е изд. - Русская редакция, 1998.

ДОДАТОК А

Текст програми

#!/bin/sh

#######################################################################

#

# Program: /usr/sbin/add_user for Slackware Linux

# Purpose: Interactive front end to /usr/sbin/useradd

#

#######################################################################

#

# Syntax: adduser [<new_user_name>]

#

#######################################################################

# Path to files

pfile=/etc/passwd

gfile=/etc/group

sfile=/etc/shells

# Paths to binaries

useradd=/usr/sbin/useradd

chfn=/usr/bin/chfn

passwd=/usr/bin/passwd

chmod=/bin/chmod

# Defaults

defhome=/home

defshell=/bin/bash

defchmod=711 ; # home dir permissions - may be preferable to use 701, however.

# Determine what the minimum UID is (for UID recycling)

# (we ignore it if it's not at the beginning of the line (i.e. commented out with #))

export recycleUIDMIN="$(grep ^UID_MIN /etc/login.defs | awk {'print $2'} 2>/dev/null)"

# If we couldn't find it, set it to the default of 1000

if [ -z "$recycleUIDMIN" ]; then

export recycleUIDMIN=1000 ; # this is the default from /etc/login.defs

fi

# This setting enables the 'recycling' of older unused UIDs.

recycleuids=no

# Function to read keyboard input.

# bash1 is broken (even ash will take read -ep!), so we work around

# it (even though bash1 is no longer supported on Slackware).

function get_input() {

local output

if [ "`echo $BASH_VERSION | cut -b1`" = "1" ]; then

echo -n "${1} " >&2 ; # fudge for use with bash v1

read output

else # this should work with any other /bin/sh

read -ep "${1} " output

fi

echo $output

}

# Function to display the account info

function display () {

local goose

goose="$(echo $2 | cut -d ' ' -f 2-)" ; # lop off the prefixed argument useradd needs

echo -n "$1 "

# If it's null then display the 'other' information

if [ -z "$goose" -a ! -z "$3" ]; then

echo "$3"

else

echo "$goose"

fi

}

# Function to check whether groups exist in the /etc/group file

function check_group () {

local got_error group

if [ ! -z "$@" ]; then

for group in $@ ; do

local uid_not_named="" uid_not_num=""

grep -v "$^" $gfile | awk -F: '{print $1}' | grep "^${group}$" >/dev/null 2>&1 || uid_not_named=yes

grep -v "$^" $gfile | awk -F: '{print $3}' | grep "^${group}$" >/dev/null 2>&1 || uid_not_num=yes

if [ ! -z "$uid_not_named" -a ! -z "$uid_not_num" ]; then

echo "- Group '$group' does not exist"

got_error=yes

fi

done

fi

# Return exit code of 1 if at least one of the groups didn't exist

if [ ! -z "$got_error" ]; then

return 1

fi

}

#: Read the login name for the new user :#

# Set the login variable to the command line param

echo

LOGIN="$1"

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z $needinput ]; do

if [ -z "$LOGIN" ]; then

while [ -z "$LOGIN" ]; do LOGIN="$(get_input "Login name for new user []:")" ; done

fi

grep "^${LOGIN}:" $pfile >/dev/null 2>&1 ; # ensure it's not already used

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

echo "- User '$LOGIN' already exists; please choose another"

unset LOGIN

elif [ ! "$LOGIN" = "`echo $LOGIN | tr A-Z a-z`" ]; then # useradd does not allow uppercase

echo "- User '$LOGIN' contains illegal characters (uppercase); please choose another"

unset LOGIN

else

unset needinput

fi

done

# Display the user name passed from the shell if it hasn't changed

if [ "$1" = "$LOGIN" ]; then

echo "Login name for new user: $LOGIN"

fi

#: Get the UID for the user & ensure it's not already in use :#

#

# Whilst we _can_ allow users with identical UIDs, it's not a 'good thing' because

# when you change password for the uid, it finds the first match in /etc/passwd

# which isn't necessarily the correct user

#

echo

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do

_UID="$(get_input "User ID ('UID') [ defaults to next available ]:")"

grep -v "^$" $pfile | awk -F: '{print $3}' | grep "^${_UID}$" >/dev/null 2>&1

if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then

echo "- That UID is already in use; please choose another"

elif [ ! -z "$(echo $_UID | egrep [A-Za-z])" ]; then

echo "- UIDs are numerics only"

else

unset needinput

fi

done

# If we were given a UID, then syntax up the variable to pass to useradd

if [ ! -z "$_UID" ]; then

U_ID="-u ${_UID}"

else

# Will we be recycling UIDs?

if [ "$recycleuids" = "yes" ]; then

U_ID="-u $(awk -F: '{uid[$3]=1} END { for (i=ENVIRON["recycleUIDMIN"];i in uid;i++);print i}' $pfile)"

fi

fi

#: Get the initial group for the user & ensure it exists :#

#

# We check /etc/group for both the text version and the group ID number

echo

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do

GID="$(get_input "Initial group [ users ]:")"

check_group "$GID"

if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then

echo "- Please choose another"

else

unset needinput

fi

done

# Syntax the variable ready for useradd

if [ -z "$GID" ]; then

GID="-g users"

else

GID="-g ${GID}"

fi

#: Get additional groups for the user :#

#

echo

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do

AGID="$(get_input "Additional groups (comma separated) []:")"

AGID="$(echo "$AGID" | tr -d ' ' | tr , ' ')" ; # fix up for parsing

if [ ! -z "$AGID" ]; then

check_group "$AGID" ; # check all groups at once (treated as N # of params)

if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then

echo "- Please re-enter the group(s)"

else

unset needinput ; # we found all groups specified

AGID="-G $(echo "$AGID" | tr ' ' ,)"

fi

else

unset needinput ; # we don't *have* to have additional groups

fi

done

#: Get the new user's home dir :#

#

echo

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do

HME="$(get_input "Home directory [ ${defhome}/${LOGIN} ]")"

if [ -z "$HME" ]; then

HME="${defhome}/${LOGIN}"

fi

# Warn the user if the home dir already exists

if [ -d "$HME" ]; then

echo "- Warning: '$HME' already exists !"

getyn="$(get_input " Do you wish to change the home directory path? (Y/n) ")"

if [ "$(echo $getyn | grep -i "n")" ]; then

unset needinput

fi

else

unset needinput

fi

done

HME="-d ${HME}"

#: Get the new user's shell :#

echo

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do

unset got_error

SHL="$(get_input "Shell [ ${defshell} ]")"

if [ -z "$SHL" ]; then

SHL="${defshell}"

fi

# Warn the user if the shell doesn't exist in /etc/shells or as a file

if [ -z "$(grep "^${SHL}$" $sfile)" ]; then

echo "- Warning: ${SHL} is not in ${sfile} (potential problem using FTP)"

got_error=yes

fi

if [ ! -f "$SHL" ]; then

echo "- Warning: ${SHL} does not exist as a file"

got_error=yes

fi

if [ ! -z "$got_error" ]; then

getyn="$(get_input " Do you wish to change the shell? (Y/n) ")"

if [ "$(echo $getyn | grep -i "n")" ]; then

unset needinput

fi

else

unset needinput

fi

done

SHL="-s ${SHL}"

#: Get the expiry date :#

echo

needinput=yes

while [ ! -z "$needinput" ]; do

EXP="$(get_input "Expiry date (YYYY-MM-DD) []:")"

if [ ! -z "$EXP" ]; then

# Check to see whether the expiry date is in the valid format

if [ -z "$(echo "$EXP" | grep "^[[:digit:]]\{4\}[-]\?[[:digit:]]\{2\}[-]\?[[:digit:]]\{2\}$")" ]; then

echo "- That is not a valid expiration date"

else

unset needinput

EXP="-e ${EXP}"

fi

else

unset needinput

fi

done

# Display the info about the new impending account

echo

echo "New account will be created as follows:"

echo

echo "---------------------------------------"

display "Login name: " "$LOGIN"

display "UID: " "$_UID" "[ Next available ]"

display "Initial group: " "$GID"

display "Additional groups: " "$AGID" "[ None ]"

display "Home directory: " "$HME"

display "Shell: " "$SHL"

display "Expiry date: " "$EXP" "[ Never ]"

echo

echo "This is it... if you want to bail out, hit Control-C. Otherwise, press"

echo "ENTER to go ahead and make the account."

read junk

echo

echo "Creating new account..."

echo

echo

# Add the account to the system

CMD="$useradd "$HME" -m "$EXP" "$U_ID" "$GID" "$AGID" "$SHL" "$LOGIN""

$CMD

if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then

echo "- Error running useradd command -- account not created!"

echo "(cmd: $CMD)"

exit 1

fi

# Set the finger information

$chfn "$LOGIN"

if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then

echo "- Warning: an error occurred while setting finger information"

fi

# Set a password

$passwd "$LOGIN"

if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then

echo "* WARNING: An error occured while setting the password for"

echo " this account. Please manually investigate this *"

exit 1

fi

# If it was created (it should have been!), set the permissions for that user's dir

HME="$(echo "$HME" | awk '{print $2}')" ; # We have to remove the -g prefix

if [ -d "$HME" ]; then

$chmod $defchmod "$HME"

fi

echo

echo

echo "Account setup complete."

exit 0

ДОДАТОК Б

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