Problems in reading speeds comprehension
The grammatical units consisting of one or more words that bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it. Pragmatic word usage. Differences in meaning. Idioms and miscommunications. The pragmatic values of evidential sentences.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 18.11.2013 |
| Размер файла | 35,2 K |
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- The third claim is that corresponding to these message types are pragmatic markers which signal the particular message.
These claims may be correct, in which case we will have made progress, or they may be false. There may be aspects of sentence meaning other than the propositional content and pragmatic markers. For example, are pause markers such as well or ahhh to be considered a part of sentence meaning not, as we would propose, relegated to the domain of utterances? Or, are there more than four types of messages, say five or six; or worse yet, is there no clear way of distinguishing one type of message from the other? Or, are there messages which are signaled other than by lexical or structural means and for which there are no pragmatic markers? Less critical but nevertheless interesting is the question of whether a pragmatic marker, e.g. frankly, please, now, on the other hand, or incidentally, truly has only one function in a given sentence, as we have claimed, or are some of them polysemous? Then there are questions about the details of the pragmatic markers: What is the order of pragmatic markers? Is there an order for the classes, for example, Discourse Marker-Parallel Marker-Commentary Marker-Basic Marker, or does it depend on the particular markers involved? And within a specific class, for example, the Manner Commentary Markers, can more than one marker be present and if so, is it systematic or idiosyncratic? These are some of the issues awaiting further research.
References
1. Блох М. Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: Учебник. Для студентов филол. фак. ун-тов и фак. англ. яз. педвузов. -- М.: Высш. школа, 1983.-- с. 383
2. Л.Кутузов "Практическая грамматика английского языка". Просвещение. М.2003
3. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y: 2004, Evidentiality. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
4. Bach, Kent: 1999, `The Myth of Conventional Implicature', Linguistics and Philosophy, 367-421.
5. Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. 3, 39-103. Oxford University Press, New York.
6. Chierchia, Gennaro: 2004, `Scalar Implicatures, Polarity Phenomena, and the Syntax/Pragmatics Interface', in A. Belletti (ed.), Structures and Beyond
7. Fraser, B. 1985. Pragmatic formatives. In J. Verschueren and M. Bertuccelli-Papi, Proceeding of the International Pragmatics Conference, Viagreggio, Italy.
8. Fraser, B. 1990. An approach to discourse markers. Journal of Pragmatics, 14.
9. Fries Ch.C. The Structure of English. N.Y., 1952.
10. Halliday, M.A.K. and Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Arnold: p6.
11. Ilyish B. A. The Structure of Modern English. M.-L., 1971
12. Laimutis Valeika, Janina Buitkienл. An Introductory Course in Theoretical English Grammar. Vilnius, LT-2009.
13. "'Sentence' - Definitions from Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com Retrieved 2008-05-23.
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