Phrasal verbs and verb expressions. Verb expressions with "Come" and "Go"

· Crime - break in, get away, get away with, catch up with, bail out

· Relationships - split up, make up, make up for, get on with, ask out

· Health - come down with, come round, knock out, stitch up, pull through

Presenting phrasal verbs in this way helps our students to learn and memorize the language and allows us as teachers to fit work on phrasal verbs easily into a wider scheme of study and course syllabus. So, over and above this most of the usual rules of presenting language apply.

· Do - present the phrasal verbs in context, providing examples of the target language in reading or listening texts or example sentences.

· Don't - overload your students with too many phrasal verbs at one time. The general rule of thumb is to present a set of ten lexical items at any one time.

· Do - focus on the meaning and phonemic features of the vocabulary in the presentation stage.

· Don't - overload your students with information about the 'grammar' of the phrasal verbs - are they separable or inseparable, transitive or intransitive, prepositional verbs or phrasal verbs using an adverb. Going into explanations regarding these features is time-consuming and confusing. Better to allow your students to engage with the language and work things out for themselves and when or if they make mistakes be ready with error-correction exercises and feedback.

· Do - provide lots of practice of the target language. Error-correction exercises are great to focus on the 'grammar' of the phrasal verbs. Transformation exercises are great to focus on synonyms and help to reinforce meaning. Gap completion exercises are great to focus on dependent propositions and collocating nouns. The more practice your students do the more familiar they'll become with the vocabulary, how it is used and how it works.

· Don't - reinforce the mistaken idea that there is something mystical or impossible about phrasal verbs. They're just verbs like all others and there main function is to convey meaning. By telling our students that phrasal verbs are difficult or 'tricky' we establish a mental block in our learners.

· Do - encourage your students to learn and extend their knowledge of phrasal verbs. Encourage them to keep a vocabulary book and to read authentic texts and extract the phrasal verbs.

Phrasal verbs are a very common feature of English, they are expressive and rich. By encouraging our students to learn and use them we will help our students to become expressive and linguistically rich - and that is the essence of what teaching is all about.

2.2 Phrasal verbs and prepositions

Phrasal verb (First used in print by Logan Pearsall Sith, in Words and Idioms (1925), in which he states that the OED Editor Henry Bradley suggested the term to him), also verb phrase, compound verb, verb-adverb combination, verb-particle construction (VPC), AmE two-part word/verb and three-part word/verb.

A type of Verb in English that operates more like a phrase than a word, such as go up (as in the balloon went up), put off (as in don't put it off any longer), and take down (as in that'll take him down a peg or two). Such composites derive primarily from verbs of movement and action (go, put, take) and adverbial particles of direction and location (up, off, down). The base verbs are mainly monosyllabic and may underlie a range of phrasal verbs: for example, get underlying get up, get down, get in, get out, get on, get off, get away, and get back. The combinations are used both literally and figuratively, and are often idioms or elements in idioms: to get away with murder, to get on like a house on fire, to get back at someone, to get up to mischief.

The use of phrasal verbs.

Such verbs are often informal, emotive, and slangy, and may contrast with Latinate verbs, as in They used up/consumed all the fuel; they gathered together/assembled/congregated in the hall; the soldiers moved forward/advanced. Putting off a meeting parallels postponing it; driving back enemy forces repels them; putting out a fire extinguishes it; bringing back the death penalty restores it. However, such pairing often depends on context and collocation. In some cases, one phrasal verb may match several Latinate verbs: bring back = restore (the death penalty), return (money to someone), and retrieve (a shot bird or animal from where it has fallen). In other cases, one Latinate verb may match several phrasal verbs: demolish matching knock down, tear down, and blow up as variants in destructive style. It is sometimes possible to match the elements of phrasal verbs and Latinate verbs: climb up with a/scend; climb down with de/scend.

Phrasal verbs and prepositions

There is a continuum between the phrasal verb as described above and verbs followed by phrases in which the preposition may or may not be part of the phrase. A phrasal verb can be formed elliptically from a verb plus prepositional phrase (like He took the box up from He took the box up the stairs). A transitive usage may not be separable (like pick up the book/pick the book up), but may have distinct meanings depending on where the particle is placed (get round someone, get someone round). Particles may not be clearly either adverbial or prepositional, as with off in BrE get off the bus (compare widespread AmE get off of the bus). Some prepositions may be attached to verbs preceding them, usually for figurative reasons: where the sentence He came across the street is analyzable as (He came) (across the street), the sentence He came across an old friend makes more sense as a phrasal form: (He came across) (an old friend), come across glossed as meet by chance. Some grammarians and lexicologists call a usage like come across a prepositional verb, because the particle is not adverbial but prepositional. Such a terminology, if extended, should turn phrasal verbs proper into `adverbial verbs', but has not yet done so. Other commentators call the usage a fused or non-separable phrasal verb, because the preposition has been `stolen' from its own phrase and fused with the preceding verb in an idiom. Others still consider some particles so equivocal that they are neither adverbs as such nor prepositions as such, but `ad preps'. Usages include: act for represent, bargain for expect, call for demand, come by obtain, get at imply, go for attack. The issue is further complicated by occasions when the fusion occurs between a phrasal verb proper and a following preposition, as with look down on hold in contempt, check up on investigate, go along with accept, face up to confront, look back on recall, look forward to have good expectations of, look up to admire, meet up with encounter.

A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition, any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so is a complete semantic unit. Sentences, however, may contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verb. Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English Language. A phrasal verb often has a meaning which is different from the original verb. According to Tom McArthur: the term `phrasal verb' was first used by Logan Pearsall Smith, in "Words and Idioms" (1925), in which he states that the OED Editor Henry Bradley suggested the term to him. Alternative terms for phrasal verb are `compound verb', `verb-adverb combination', `verb-particle construction (VPC)', AmE "two-part word/verb' and `three-part word/verb' (depending on the number of particles), and multi-word verb (MWV).

Phrasal verbs in informal speech

Phrasal verbs are usually used informally in everyday speech as opposed to the more formal Latinate verbs, such as "to get together" rather than "to congregate", "to put off" rather than "to postpone", or "to get out" rather than "to exit".

Prepositional verbs

· On Fridays, we look after our grandchildren.

· We look after them. (not *look them after)

The verb can have its own object, which usually precedes the preposition:

· She helped the boy to an extra portion of potatoes.

· With pronouns: She helped him to some.

Prepositional verbs with two prepositions are possible:

· We talked to the minister about the crisis.

Phrasal-prepositional verbs

· No direct object: The driver got off to a flying start.

· Direct object: Onlookers put the accident down to the driver's loss of concentration.

2.3 Guessing and explaining meanings of phrasal verbs "come" and "go"

Learning a new language is hard, there's no doubt about that. Second language students who study where that second language is spoken can pick up about 2,500 words per year if they are motivated to do so. There are a couple different strategies that can be used when it comes to unknown phrasal verbs.

While dictionaries come in handy from time to time, many phrasal verbs can be guessed from context. Looking up words in the dictionary, called "stopper words," break the reader's concentration. There are a couple of different things that can be done to help guess the meaning of these stopper words. First, as I previously mentioned, is context. By using surrounding words and sentences, many phrasal verbs can be correctly defined or come close enough that the meaning of the text is still understood. Another strategy is to look at the structure of the word. By learning the students try to guess what the word means. Students can also learn "high frequency" vocabulary.

So, how important are phrasal verbs? Well, "Nattinger and DeCarrico (1992) have observed that a significant amount of the English language is made up of lexical phrases, which range from phrasal verbs (two or three words) to longer institutionalized expressions (Lewis, 1993, 1997). Because lexical phrases can often be learned as single units, the authors believe that the following principles apply to them as well as to individual words" (Hunt). Because English is so rife with prepositions and many of these prepositions seem to pop up with verbs, thus making them phrasal verbs, it only makes sense that they should be learned together, especially since on their own, they won't have the same meaning (Thanasoulas). For example, if you ask someone "What's up?" If you were to take these words individually, a person not familiar with this word might answer by saying "the sky" because, well, that is what is up, directly above us (assuming you're outside of course). Used together though, we know that the words "what's up" mean "how's it going". There is really no other way to learn these phrasal verbs since they many times they don't follow any sort of logical order, at least not anymore. A long time ago these phrases probably made more sense but over time, the original meaning is lost.

As I mentioned above if we will learn phrasal verbs in context and look at the structure of the words, it will help us to guess the meaning of phrasal verbs.

This table presents how many meanings phrasal verbs have, and their use in everyday live. Here is given an example of phrasal verbs with translation and with sentences which was written down from different kind of literature works.

phrasal verb preposition come

Come about: come about: to happen or start to exist > The discovery of penicillin came about entirely by chance. When did life begin on Earth, and how did it come about?

Come across:1come across sth/sb: to find something or meet someone by chance > I came across her son's diary while she was tidying his room. 2 come across sth: to experience a particular type of problem, situation etc > / expect you'll come across all sorts of difficulties, but it's still worth trying.3come across: to seem to be a particular type of person or thing. Come across as (being) sth > He comes across as being rather arrogant, come across well/ badly (=make people have a good or bad opinion of you) > I'm sure she's an excellent politician, but she comes across badly on television. 4 come across: to be made clear or understood > what comes across very strongly in her letters is her wonderful sense of humor.

Come along - come along: to go somewhere with someone> We're going to watch the football -do you want to comealong?2come along: if something new such as a job or an opportunity comes along, it becomes available for you This job came along just at the right time. come along: to arrive or appear somewhere > The police eventually came along and took the man away.

Be coming along: to be making good progress > The doctor said that Richard was coming along nicely and would be able to go home on Friday. 4 Come along!: used to tell someone to hurry or make more effort > Come along, girls! We'll be late if we don't go now.

Come apart- 1 come apart: to fail completely > The peace agreement seemed to be coming apart, come apart at the seams (=used to emphasize that something is likely to fail completely) >His whole life seemed to be coming apart at the seams. 2come apart: to break or separate into pieces >Bruce grabbed the book from me and it came apart in his hands.

Come round - 1come around/ round: to come to someone's house in order to see them >Valerie and John said they might come around this evening.2 come around/round: to start to agree with or accept something that you did not agree with before > My mother stopped speaking to me when i first left home, but she's coming round now.

Come back: if something from the past comes back to you, you remember it > She looked at the photograph, and suddenly it all came back. Come back: to reply with humor or anger to something someone says >He always comes back with some kind of witty reply. Comeback n a humorous or angry reply > I can never think of a good comeback until it's too late.

Come before - Come before sb/sth: to be brought to someone with official authority in order to be judged or discussed

>Murphy's case came before Judge Holden at the Crown Court.

Come between - 1 Come between sb: to spoil a relationship or friendship > In the end it was Jed's jealousy and pride that came between us. Come between sb and sth: to prevent someone from giving enough attention to something > He never let anyone come between him and his work.

Come by - 1 Come by sth: to get something > I wonder how he came by so much money at his age. 2 come by: to make a short visit to a place on your way to somewhere else >Can I come by tonight and get my stuff?

Come down: to accept a lower price for something than you had asked for so they're asking ?150,000 for the house, but they might come down a bit. 2 come down: if a building, wall etc comes down, it is destroyed >The Berlin Wall came down in 1989. 2 come down: if a plane comes down, it crashes to the ground > The plane came down in Bilmermeer, and there were no survivors.4 come down in favor of sth/sb: to decide to support something or someone, especially officially > The president is expected to come down in favor of military intervention, come down on the side of sth/ sb > The judge in the case came down on the side of the unions.

Come down: to stop feeling the excitement caused by taking an illegal drug > An addict coming down off heroin is usually in a deeply depressed state.

Come down on: Come down on sb: to criticize or punish someone for something > Your manager will really come down on you if the job isn't finished in time, come down on sb like a ton of bricks (=criticize or punish someone very severely) > He made one tiny mistake and they came down on him like a ton of bricks. Come down to:1 come down to sth: to be the most important thing to consider, when it comes down to it (=this is the most important point) > When it comes down to it, you have to remember she's only sixteen. 2 if it comes down to it...: used to say that if something becomes really necessary, that is what you will have to do > If it comes down to it, we'll just have to take a later flight. Come down with: come down with sth: to get an illness > Almost everyone in the office came down with flu. Come for: come for sb: to arrive in order to take someone somewhere > The taxi's coming for us at nine. Come forward: come forward: to be willing to do something, especially to give someone information > People who are bullied at work are often too scared to come forward. Come forward with come forward with sth: to suggest something or to give the money needed for something > Delores came forward with detailed proposals for a range of reforms. Come from I come from sth: if you come from a particular place, you were born there or have your home there > Most of our students come from Europe.2come from sth: to belong to particular type of family or social class > The kids at this school come from all kinds of backgrounds.2 understand where sb's coming from: to understand why someone thinks the way they do > I disagree with her all the time -I just don't understand where she's coming from.

Come in -1come in: used to ask someone to enter the room or building that you are in > would you like to come in and have a drink? 1come in: if a train, bus, plane, or ship comes in, it arrives at a station, airport, or port > What time should the train from Boston come in? incoming adj traveling towards a place and arriving soon > incoming flights > incoming passengers 3come in: to become involved in a plan, activity etc. + on > Three more top bands have offered to come in on the anti-drugs campaign, be where/ how sb/ sth comes in (=be what someone or something's part in a plan is)"> We need someone who knows the area, and that's where Mick comes in. 4come in: to finish a race, competition etc in a particular.> The favorite horse only just finished the race, coming in way behind the others. 5come in: to start to be used and have an effect > A new law came in today requiring all bars to close by 2am. 6 come in: if a new fashion comes in, it starts to be fashionable > Bright colors are coming in again for this summer. 8 come in useful also come in handy: to be useful for something > Keep that box - it might come in handy for something. 8 the tide comes in: when the tide comes in, the sea moves towards the land > it's only safe to swim her when the tide's coming in.

Incoming ADI an incoming tide is! Coming towards the land > The rocks were slowly being covered by the incoming tide. come in for come in for criticism/ praise etc: to be i criticized, praised etc for something > In Dr Yates' speech, Samuel Whitbread came in for special praise. COME INTO 1 come into effect also come into operation: to begin to be used and have an effect > The new tax came into operation on April 1st. > In 1952, the peace treaty came into effect. 2 come into being also come into existence: to start to exist > The company came into existence in 1987. 3 come into sight also come into view. if something comes into sight or view, you begin to be able to see it > We finally reached the top of the hill, and the town came into view. 4 come into it: to be an important part activity, event, or process > / don't think any good has come out of this war at all. 2 come out of sth: to stop being in a particular situation or state, especially a bad one > Various signs suggest that the economy may be coming out of recession. 2 come out of sth well/ badly etc: to give someone a good or bad idea about you because of the way you have done or dealt with something >I've just read a book about him. He doesn't come out of it very well. Come out with -come out with sth: to say something, especially something wrong, stupid, or annoying > When I asked for his opinion, he came out with a long list of criticisms. Come over -1come over: to visit you at your house ¦ Why don't you come over this evening and we'll talk about it then? 1 come over sb: if a feeling or a change comes over you, you experience it > She knew he was watching her, and a feeling of panic came over her. what has come over sb? (=used when you are surprised because someone has suddenly started behaving in strange way) ¦ / don't know what's come over him -he actually said hello to me this morning! 3come over: to seem to be a particular type of person or thing, or to have particular qualities. As >Mrs Robins came over as a cold strict woman. 4come over: to be dearly expressed and easy to notice or understand >The same message is coming over again and again: we are slowly destroying the planet.

5 come over: to leave a group, team, or organization and join one that is: competing against it. + from > Patrice Tardif was one of the three players who came over from the Blues.

Come round - come through: if something comes through, it reaches you and you receive it > / was in Boston when the news came through. > Hank's divorce came through sooner than he had expected. 1come through sth: to succeed in getting to the end of a dangerous or difficult situation > amazingly, our house came through the storm without much damage. 1 come through: to provide something that someone needs or has asked for. with > The US came through with $ billion in aid.

Come to 1come to sth: to reach a particular state or situation - used especially in the following phrases: come to an end (=finish) > My stay in San Francisco was coming to an end. come to an agreement (=agree about something) >It was several months before we eventually came to an agreement, it comes to the point where (=used to say that you have reached a particular situation) > It came to the point where we could no longer bear to talk to each other. 2come to a decision also come to a conclusion etc: to make a decision about something > All the candidates for the sales job were good, and it took us a long time to come to a decision. 2 when it comes to sth: used to introduce the subject that you are going to talk about or deal with >When it comes to relationships, everyone makes mistakes. > The government has had little success when it comes to education. 4 Come to power: to officially start to rule a country > The Communists came to power in China in 1949. 5 come to nothing a/50 not come to anything: to develop or not develop into something successful, it was obvious that their efforts would come to nothing. 5come to sth: to start to talk about something or deal with it > There are reasons for our decision, which I'll come to later. 5come to sth: to add up to a particular total > At the end of the evening the bill came to ?50. 6 come to sb: if a thought or idea comes to you, you think of it > I've forgotten the name of the restaurant- it'll come to me in a minute. 7come to: to become conscious again after an accident or operation > When I came to, I was lying in a hospital bed.

Come together -- 1 come together: to join together with other people, in order to do something. to do sth > Several local groups had come together to form the new party. 1 be coming together: if something is coming together, it is finally starting to be successful > Linda was just beginning to feel that her life was coming together

Come under - 1 come under attack/ criticism etc: to be attacked, criticized etc > 0/7 tankers and trucks came under air attack on January 29. > The government came under strong pressure to negotiate with the hijackers, come under fire (=be criticized) > 7V companies have come under fire for the amount of violence on our screens. a come under scrutiny/review etc: to be examined or considered carefully > The new policy came under intense scrutiny.

Come up - come up: to move towards someone or something until you are next to them > She came up and put her arms around him. + to > A lot of people came up to her and started asking questions. come up: if an opportunity comes up, it becomes available > Let me know if you hear of any suitable jobs coming up. > If you keep on trying, I'm sure something will come up. 1 come up: to be mentioned in a conversation > We'd been going out together for two years before the subject of marriage came up. 1 come up: if a problem comes up, it suddenly appears > It's been one of those days when problems keep coming up all the time, something's come up p I'm afraid I'm going to be late home - something's come up at work. 1 is coming up: to be going to happen soon > Your birthday's coming up next month, isn't it? > The Annual Folk Festival is coming up on May 3rd. come up: if the sun or moon comes up, it moves up into the sky where you can see it we got up early to watch the sun come up behind the mountains. Come up: if a plant or seed comes up, it begins to appear above the ground. > If you plant the seeds now they should come up in about ten days' time. 8 come up: if a number comes up in competition, you win something if you have chosen the same number > you'll win about sixty pounds if three of your numbers come up. 9 coming (right) up! Used to tell someone that something they have just ordered will be ready soon > Two Martinis, please." "Coming up, sir!" come up against -come up against sth/sb: to have to deal with a problem or difficult person p- Women police officers often complain that they come up against a lot of sexism.

Come up for -1 come up for sale also come up for auction: to become available to buy > I'd really love to buy that house, if it ever comes up for sale.2 come up for discussion also come up for debate: to be formally discussed > The issue came up for debate in Parliament three days later. 3 come up for sth: to reach the time when something should be dealt with or done > The case came up for review and the men were found innocent. > In November, one third of the Senate comes up for re-election. come up to - 1 come up to sth: to reach a particular standard, come up to sb's/sth's standards > Many of Britain's beaches do not come up to EC standards, come up to expectations > We loved the island, but the hotel didn't really come up to our expectations, come up to scratch (=be as good as expected or as something should be) > Over a third of the schools in the survey didn't come up to scratch. 1 is coming up to sth: to be nearly a particular time or age > It was coming up to two o'clock by the time everyone had left. > My oldest son's just coming to sixteen.

Come up with - come up with sth: to think of an idea, plan, or solution > A good leader has to be able to identify problems and come up with solutions. 2 come up with sb/ sth: to find a suitable person or thing > we've advertised several times, but haven't been able to come up with a suitable candidate.

Come upon - come upon sb/sth: to meet someone or find something by chance or when you do not expect it > On the second day we came upon the remains of a Roman villa.

Come within -1 come within seconds/ inches etc of doing sth: used to say that someone every nearly does something or something very nearly happens > He came within two percentage points of winning Arizona. > Afterwards I realized I'd come within seconds of death. 1 come within sight/reach etc: to be close enough to something to see it or reach it, or to be seen or reached. + of > As Beatty came within sight of his office, he was surprised to see a small group waiting at the door. > Parts of the city centre were coming within range of heavy artillery.

Go about - 1 I go about sth: to start to do or deal with something in a particular way * Growing herbs is not difficult, providing you go about it in the right way. How do you go about doing sth? (=what is the best way to do something?) > How do I go about finding out about the different courses available? 2 go about your business/work etc: to continue doing your activities or your job in the usual way > Even after last night's air attack, the people of the town are going about their business as usual. 3 go about doing sth: to do something a lot, especially something that annoys other people > You shouldn't go about spreading malicious gossip. 4 go about: to dress or behave in a particular way. + in > In the days that followed, Lisa went about in a daze. You can't go about in shorts and sandals at the office.5 go about sth, go about: to move or travel around a place > She went about the room, putting everything back in its place. 6 go about, go about sth: if a story or piece of information is going about, a lot of people are talking about it > That story's been going about for weeks now, and it's absolute rubbish! + that > Rumors have been going about that the couples are planning to get married 7 go about: if an illness is going about, a lot of people are getting it > At least three people are away with flu - there's a lot of it going about at the moment.

Go about together - go about with sb, go about together:

to spend a lot of time with someone because you are friends or are having a relationship with them > Didn't you and Frank use to go about together when you were at university? Go after - 1 go after sb/sth: to follow or chase someone, in order to catch them, attack them, or talk to them > She looked so upset. Do you think I should go after her? 2 go after sth: to try to get something, especially a job or a particular type of business > I've decided to go after that job in Ohio. > Tobacco companies are going after teenage smokers in a big way.

Go against - 1 go against sth: if something goes against an idea, principle, or rule, it seems very different from it, or breaks that rule > Her parents didn't want her to get a divorce. It went against their religious beliefs, it goes against the grain (=used to say that something is very different from what you would normally do) > It goes against the grain to tell a complete stranger everything about your private life. 2 go against sth/sb: to not do what someone has asked or advised you to do, or to do something different to it. go against sb's advice/wishes etc > He went against his doctor's advice and went back to work the following week, go against sb > She never expected her mother to go against her father like that. 3 go against sb: if a court case, decision, vote etc goes against you, you lose or you do not get the result that you want > Our lawyer had warned us that the case might go against us. Things go against you (=used to say that events happen in a way that is bad for you) > By the end of the 1980s, things started to go against us, and we lost a lot of money.

Go ahead - 1 go ahead: to do something that you have been planning or preparing to do. + With > Last night railway workers looked likely to go ahead with their strike, go ahead and do sth >In the end, the newspaper went ahead and published the story. the go-ahead n if someone gives you the go-ahead to do something, they give you official permission to start doing it > The movie was given the go-ahead and production started in May.

2 go ahead: to take place, especially in spite of problems or opposition >The match went ahead, despite the terrible weather conditions. ¦ Mr. Connelly went into hospital, but was told that his operation could not go ahead. 3 go ahead!: a. used to give someone permission to do something > "Do you mind if I smoker "No, go ahead." b. used to encourage someone to start doing something > Go ahead. Matt, we're all dying to hear your story. с used to tell someone in a threatening way that you do not care if they do something > "If you don't get off my land, I'll take you to court." "Go ahead." 4 go ahead: to go somewhere before or in front of other people you are with >I'll go ahead in my car, because I know the way.

Go along - 1go along: to go to a place or an event > they're having a party at Patrick's house. Do you feel like going along? 2 do sth as you go along: to do something at the same time as you are doing something else, especially because you have not planned or prepared it properly > I'm sure she was making her speech up as she went along. > You can't just make the rules of the game as you go along! 3be going along: to progress in a particular way > they've been going out together for six months, and everything seems to be going along quite nicely.

Go along with - go along with sth/sb: to accept someone's idea or suggestion, especially because it might upset someone or cause trouble if you do not > / wasn't very keen on the idea, but I went along with it just to keep everyone happy.

Go round - 1 go around/ round: to go to see someone for a short time, especially at the peace where they live > / think I'll go round and see Jim on my way home tonight. + to > Marie went around to Bella's place, to try and persuade her to come to the party. 2 go around/ round sth: to move or travel around a place > I spent the morning going around the city taking photographs. 3 go around/ round sth, g around/round: to go to a number of different places of the same type, one after the other > Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ordering what she thought was necessary. + to > We went round to all the clubs, but Des wasn't in any of them. go around/round doing sth: to say or do something a lot, especially something annoying > You can't go around accusing people of things like that. go around/ round: to dress or behave in a particular way, especially regularly > I can't see anything without my glasses -1 might as well go around with my eyes shut. 6 go around/ round, go around/ round sth: if a story or piece of information is going around, a lot of people are talking about it > I don't usually pay any attention to the gossip going around at work. + that > There's been a rumour going round that they're planning to close the factory. 7enough plenty etc to go around: if there is enough food, drink, work etc to go around, there is enough for everyone to have some > Do you think we've got enough pizza to go round? > Builders are really having a hard time these days - there just isn't enough work to go around.

8 go around/round, go around/round sth: if an illness is going around, a lot of people are getting it > A particularly unpleasant virus was going around the school.

Go round also go around together - go around/round with sb, go around/ round together: to spend a lot of time with someone, for example: because you are friends or are having I a romantic relationship with them ; > There was a gang of about six of us \ who went round together all the time.

Go at -1 go at sth: to start to do something or deal with it in a particular way, especially in a determined or energetic way, go at it > The women went at it with tremendous enthusiasm. 2 go at sb: to start to fight, attack, or argue with someone > Sophie went at him with a kitchen knife.

Go away - leave a place or a person > Go away and let me get some sleep! > He pushed the letter under the door and went away, 2 go away: to leave your home in order to spend some time somewhere else. We're going away to France for a week. > Dad often had to go away on business. 3 go away: if a problem, pain, or something unpleasant goes away, it disappears > After about an hour, the pain started to go away, sth goes away by itself (-it disappears without anyone doing anything) > Traffic problems won't just go away by themselves - it's up to us to take action.

Go back - 1go back: to return to a place where you have been before, or to the place where you were until recently > They left Africa in 1962, and they never went back. to > We went back to the hotel for dinner. 2 go back: if something goes back to a time in the past, it started to exist then. + to > Parts of the castle here go back to the twelfth century, sth goes back a long way (=it started a long time ago and has existed for a long time) > they're a very old family - their name goes back a long way. 3 go back, go back sth: to consider or discuss things that happened at a time in the past *¦ Let's go back a few million years and look at the time of the dinosaurs. + to > To understand many emotional problems, you often have to go back to the patient's childhood. 4 you can't go back also there's no going hack: used to say that you cannot change your situation back to how it used to be ¦ If we sell the house, there's no going back. 5go back: if schools or students go back, the schools open and the students start studying again after the holidays > When do the schools go back?* to > The kids go back to school in the first week of September, 6 go back: to be returned to the place where something was bought or borrowed from > Don't forget the car has to go back tomorrow - we only hired it for a week. 7 go back:

to start working again after a strike > The miners say they won't go back unless they get more money. 8 go back a long way: if two people go back a long way, they have known each other for a long time > Annie and Richard go back a long way - at least fifteen years. 9 the clocks go back: when the clocks go back in the autumn, the time officially changes so that it is one hour earlier than it was before > The clocks go back some time in October, don't they?

Go back on - 1 go back on sth: to not do what you have promised, agreed, or said you would do > He said he won't lend us any money, and I can't see him going back on his decision, go back on your word (=not do what you have promised or agreed to do) > "You can trust me," said Professor Higgins. "I never go back on my word." 2 go back on sth: to change what you said before, or say that you never said it > One of the witnesses has gone back on her original story.

Go back over - go back over sth: to examine, consider, or repeat something again > Would you mind going back over the rules for me again?

Go back to 1 go back to sth: to start to do something again that you were doing before, or used to do in the past, go back to work/ school etc > After the operation, it was six weeks before I could go back to work, go back to sleep/ bed > / tried to go back to sleep, but I couldn't stop thinking. go back to doing sth > I'd hate to go back to living abroad now. 2 go back to sth: to return to a situation or state that used to exist before > It will be a long time before things start to go back to normal after the war. Can't we just go back to being friends?

2 Go back to sb: to start to have a relationship with someone again after it had ended > He'll never go back to his girlfriend now. 4 go back to sth: to start talking about or considering something again. Can we just go back to Alan's point for a minute?

Go befor 1have gone before: to have happened or existed before > Industrialization created a form of society that was different from any that had gone before, what has gone before > In many ways this program improves on what has gone before. 2 go before sb: to be considered by someone in authority, so that they can make an official decision > The proposal will go before the Planning Committee at their next meeting. Go beyond - go beyond sth: to be much better, more serious, more advanced etc than something else > The book's success went beyond anything we had expected, p- She didn't just feel unhappy - it went beyond that

Go by 1 go by: if time goes by, it passes. Twenty years had gone by since I lost saw him. > As time went by, our fears for her safety increased. Bygone adj used to describe a period of time as one that existed along time ago. >Their way of life is a reminder of a bygone age. 2 go by: to move past you, especially when you are not moving >I sat down at an open air cafe, and watched the people doing by. 3 go by sth: to stop at a place for a short time, usually to get something > On the way home I went by Jason's to pick up my pocket. 4 go by sth: to use a particular thing when you are making a judgment or deciding what you should do? > You cannot go by that old map. It's completely out of date. If sth's anything to go by (=used when saying that something is likely to be true) >it should be a great movie, if Kubrick's other work is anything to go by. 5 Go by sth: to obey the rules of something > there was one point in the game when he certainly wasn't going by the rules. Go by the book (=be very careful to obey all the rules exactly) > There is a fixed procedure for making a complaint, and we prefer it if you go by the book. 6 Let sth go by: to deliberately ignore or not react badly to someone's remarks or behavior > "I'll let it go by this time," the teacher said, "but I don't want it to happen again".