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13.06.2012 | |
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http://www.allbest.ru/
http://www.allbest.ru/
2012
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on - line , , , .
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2) -, ;
3) ;
4) .
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1.
"" ; "" , . . , .
, "" "" , . , . .
, ("", "", ""). , . , , . [3, c.22]
-- 12 -- 22 , , , , . .
.. "":
1. .
2. , , , , - . [8]
. 1750 " ". . -, , , -, . , . , , .
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. , " " . . : " 14-15 24-25 , ".[2,c.76-86] , . - " , , , " . [4]
, - , , . " , - , , . , ".[1] .: " - , 14 25 . , . - - , , , " .[9,c.24-33]
, - , . , , - , - . , . , , , .
2.
- ( , , ) - ( Ӣ).
, .
, . , , , , , . , , -, , , , . , , . , , , , , ˹ .
, . - , , ڿ- . , . , -- .
, , , . . , - Ҹ Ƥ. , , .
, . - , . - , , , , . , , .
3.
, , , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) . .
4.
, . , , -, , , , . , . , :
-
XIX , . - , :
Iaidimeidun (ultimatum);
b?balimen (parliament);
???balixitiande (president);
????demokelaxi (democracy);
Sfaneling (violin);
???kaimaila (camera);
laisai (laiser);
????pannixilin (penicillin);
???saiyinsi (science);
mSshi dan (stamp);
?telufeng (telephone);
yan shu (insurence);
, , , . ō@ʒ, - , - ??, zfg ???. , "" - ???? , - . Ƒ, - , - ?f. Ȋw, ??, ??, ?.
, , .
. . : T-T-xu (T-shirt); Gxiu (show). . :
z?aosika (Oscar);
bmbashi (bus);
?? bailandi (brandy);
?baoling (bowling);
tbeige (boycott);
??bengji , , (bungee );
bijini (bikini);
z buding (pudding);
猎z disike (disco);
mduoshi (toast);
ɗfeilin (film);
Chailuoyin (heroin);
???hanbaobao (hamburger) ;
D?haolaiwu (Hollywood) ;
g jipu (Jeep );
?jialun (gallon);
? ka (card) - , IC?CIP?CSIM?;
?? kafei (coffee);
?fnj kala ok (karaoke);
? katong (cartoon);
?kaobei , ();
? kekayin (cocaine);
keke (cocoa);
kelong (clone);
mkendeji (KFC) ( , );
ku , , ( . cool);
?? laji, lese trash (2- )
? lake (lacquer);
??luoji , (logic);
??mafei ; (morphine);
???masaike (mosaic);
?maidanglao c (McDonald's);
? maikefeng (microphone)
?mini (mini);
?mo si (mousse);
motuo (motor);
?nilong , (nylon);
?? ningmeng (lemon);
oupeike ; - (OPEC);
?pao ku (parkour);
??f?papa la qi (paparazzi);
? puke (poker);
qike (check);
qiaqiaqia (cha cha cha) ;
Iqiaokeli (chocolate);
Osanmingzhi (sandwich);
?shafa (sofa);
fshala (salad);
ishasi (sauce);
?? suda (soda);
Ўmweishiji (whisky);
gxiangbo (shampoo)
xxiuke (shock);
ɖXyimer (e-mail) ;
yinqing (engine);
yintewang (internet);
H youmo (humor);
?zhe li (jelly);
. , , m fi, f Ff, ?? .
, CD, VCD, DVD, DNA, GDP, GSM, ADSL, CDMA, IT .
-
. ( , , ) , , . : ?delufeng -??dianhua . :
N?jiankang cai pu (healthy menu);
?????luse shipin (green food);
??shenghuo zhiliang (quality of life);
??shouji yilaizheng (mobile phone addiction);
????tousu dianhua@ (phone for complaints)
- , -
- : + .
ubingqilin- ( u( ; ) , ice- cream);
BPBP (beeper - , - - )
o??dengjika o? ( ; , , j , ?i; j - );
DVD DVD ji DVD- (DVD , );
???henianka ;
???hua'erjie - ( - ) ( Wall Street ?? , X (; ) );
V?xinxilan ( New Zealand, V( ; ; ) , ? ).
, IC?CIP?CSIM?, PRw.
- : , , , . , , , , .
, , . , , , . :
S?baishi kele - (Pepsi) , ;
??baolilai - Polaroid Corporation - , ( ; +?; +; , );
Kqheike (hacker) ( , ; , ) , hacker, K ( ) +q ( );
?kekou kele - (Coca - Cola) ;
manyou (roam);
ύnaike - , Nike, Inc. ( +; ; );
EGtuokouxiu - (talk - show)E ; + +G ;
tuofuitest of English as a foreign language, , . TOEFL. , , .@ , , i ( ) ; j , ; . , , - .
???weitaming (vitamin) ?wei ; + ta ; + ming = ;
- , -
- : + . . , ?ka : ; ; . ??danka , o?shuangka .
- .
- ( ). , , . . , . , , , . .
, :
mQbaleiwu ballet ( ; );
??baolingqiu bowling ( );
??bisabing pizza(? , , , );
?? caidanqiu paintball ( );
???gaoerfuqiu golf ( ) ;
ĝf hulaquan - hula hoop ( );
g ?jipuche Jeep (?);
ÔN??jia nian hua hui carnival ();
ݎm?jueshiyue jazz ( ??; );
?kapian card (; );
f?lalisai rally (?);
?pijiu beer ( ) ;
I͓qiaokelitang chokolate ( );
K\sangnayu sauna ();
????shabinyundong@ shaping (??);
?shadingyu sardine (? );
R?tankeche tank(?);
??xiangbinjiu hampagne ( );
|xuejiayan igar (|)
. , , - - .. , , , (.. ), , .
5. ,
. . . , . , , . , , . , [6]
6.
, , , .1 : ??kafei , ?kekoukele - . : ??shenghuo zhiliang ; ???weishengsu .
7.
, . , , . . - , .[5] , , : Ҕblinba , f˹tuolasi .
. , . , . : Ƥhaopi 飬 qike .
8.
- , , . - , .
, - , , . , , , , ( , ICQ).
, , -. , . , .
, . , , .
. , , . , .
- , , ??. 1996 , 2000 .
??QQ[tengxun QQ]@i 1999 .j, Z[xiaonei]i ll, 2005 .j VQ[xinlangweibo]
( 2009 .).
ΐhuoxing wen, . , , , , , - . , , .
- , , - .
1) - , , - , :
``baibai (bye-bye);
q (bo ke)| - ( ) ; (, );
?hai (hi);
Ƥhao pi (happy);
Kqheike (hacker);
ou ye ,! (oh, yeah!);
2) - ,
:
holdZ1) ; ; ; ( hold - + Z, )
???????????,????????????????holdZCms???
, , , ( ) , .
highꉺ high( . )@| high -, ,
??????highꉺB ,
?????,highꉺ! , !
out out - ,
,
??????outCAV??????outB
, , , , .
- -ing ( ) .
ٌ?ing wuxian yumen +ing ,
hing@(??ing ..)
?hingI??,???,???g̕sDB
, , .
3) (? zimuci, lettered-words) -- @, ( ) , .
D (compact disk );
CEO () , - () , ();
DOS disk operating system , ;
MBA Master of Business Administration ;
NBA National Basketball Association , ();
PMP mode processor ;
UFO (unidentified flying object ).
, , - X hunxuer . :
call ( = call + tai , , );
?fOK kalaok ;
R&D S R&D zhongxin (research and develop center);
OG (mobile phones of third generation)
Ҝ T - xu ( -shirt);
U?U-pan ( USB) ;
X X-guang ;
, , :
BTW=By The Way@|@, ;
call @|@, ;
copy@|@, , ;
free@|@ , , ;
in@|@, , , ;
kiss @|@, ;
ok@|@!, !, !, ! ;
OMG=Oh My God@|@ ! !;
party@|@ , , , ;
sexy@|@, .
" " "MTV" (ŋߊŗMTVCsmʐY??).
. . , , : , . , .
, . , - , , , , . , , , , .
: , , , - , , - , . - , .
, . , - , ; , , ; -ing; ĸ, .. - Ѫ, , , , .
, , .
1. .. // . - 1980. 1
2. . // - / . .. .. . .: , 1976. . 79-86.
3. .., .. - . - , 1990. . 22
4. .. : // . - , 1991.
5. . . .: -, 2002. - 559 .
6. .. . - .: - 2007. - 288 .
7. .. . - .: , 1999. - 312 .
8. // / . ... - ., 1964.
9. .. // . - , 1991. . 24-33
Ҫοף
1?Ρִ̳2011
2÷ ִʵʽ淶 2010
3²; Եƫ淶ıҪԻ 2007
4ºϼ,, ˴ : dz,2008
5ӿȪ ںĸε// Ӧû 2002
:
" " http://www.languages-study.com/chinese.html
- Wikipedia
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