Дидактика перевода: работа над созданием пособия "Грамматические аспекты перевода. Часть 1" (групповой проект)
Описание направленностей и эффективности существующих классификаций трансляционных упражнений. Роль грамматики в обучении искусству перевода. Разработка лингвистического комплекса для пособия "Упражнения по английской грамматике для переводчиков".
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | дипломная работа |
| Язык | русский |
| Дата добавления | 23.04.2011 |
| Размер файла | 145,7 K |
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do
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Form
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do used as an auxiliary
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do used as an ordinary verb
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12. may and can for permission and possibility
Permission
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may for permission: forms
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can for permission: forms
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may and can used for permission in the present or future
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could or was/were allowed to for permission in the past
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Requests for permission
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Possibility
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may/might for possibiluty
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may/might + perfect infinitive
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could or may/might
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can for possibility
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13. can and be able for ability
can and be able: forms
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can/am able, could/was able
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could + perfect infinitive
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14. ought, should, must, have to, need for obligation
ought: forms
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should: forms
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ought/should compared to must and have to
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ought/should with the continuous infinitive
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ought/should with the perfect infinitive
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must and have to: forms
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must and have to: difference
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need not and must not in the present and future
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need: forms
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Absence of obligation
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need not and other forms
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must, have to and need in the interrogative
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needn't + perfect infinitive
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needn't have (done) and didn't have/need (to do)
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needn't, could and should + perfect infinitive
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to need meaning 'require'
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15. must, have, will and should for deduction and assumption
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must for deduction
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must compared to may/might
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have/had for deduction
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can't and couldn't used for negative deduction
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will and should: assumption
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16. The auxiliaries dare and used
dare
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used
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to be/become/get used to
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17. The present tenses
The present continious
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Form
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Present participle: spelling
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Uses
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Other possible uses
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Verbs not normally use
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feel, look, smell and taste
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see and hear
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think, assume and expect
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The simple present tense
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Form
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Used for habutial action
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Other uses
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18. The past and perfect tenses
The simple past tense
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Form
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Irregular verbs: form
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Use for past events
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The past continious tense
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Form
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Main uses
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Other uses
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Past continious or simple past
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The present perfect tense
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Form and use
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Use with just
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Past actions: indefinite time
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Actions in an incomplete period
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Actions lasting throughout an incomplete period
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Use with for and since
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it is + period+ since + past or prefect tense
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Present perfect and simple past
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The present perfect continious tense
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Form
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Use
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Comparison of the present perfect simple and continious
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Some more examples
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The past perfect tense
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Form and use
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In time clauses
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In indirect speech
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The past perfect continious tense
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Form and use
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19. The future
Future forms
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The simple present
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Future with intention
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will + infinitive
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The present continious
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The be going to form
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be going to and will + infinitive to express intention
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be going to used for prediction
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The future simple
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First person will and shall
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Uses of the future simple
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will contrasted with want/wish/would like
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the future continuous tense
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The future continious used as an ordinary continious tense
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The future continious used to express future without intention
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The future continious and will + infinitive compared
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Various future forms
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The future perfect and the future perfect continious
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20. The sequence
Subordinate clauses
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The sequence of tenses
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21. The conditional
The conditional tenses
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The present conditional tense
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The perfect conditional tense
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Conditional sentences
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Conditional sentences type 1
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Conditional sentences type 2
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Conditional sentences type 3
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Conditional sentences: mixed, implied
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will/would and should
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if + were and inversion
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if, even if, whether, unless, but for, otherwise etc.
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if and in case
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if only
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In indirect speech
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22. Oher uses of will/would, shall/should
Habits expessed by will, would
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should/would think + that-clause or so/not
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would for past intention
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shall I/we?
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shall: second and third persons
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that… should
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it is/was + adjective + that…should
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Other uses of should
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23. The infinitive
Form
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Uses of the infinitive
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The infinitive as subject
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As object or complement
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Verb + how/what etc. + infinitive
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Infinitive after verb or verb + subject
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Infinitive after verb + object
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Infinitive after verbs of knowing and thinking etc.
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The bare infinitive
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Infinitive represented by to
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Split infinitives
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Infintive as connective link
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Infinitive used to replace a relative clause
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Infinitive after certain nouns
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After too, enough, so… as
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Infinitive phrases
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The continuous infinitive
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The perfect infinitive
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Perfect infinitive continuous
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24. The gerund
Form and use
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The gerund as subject
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Gerunds after prepositions
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The word to
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Verbs followed by the gerund
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Verbs + possessive adjective/pronoun object + gerund
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The verb mind
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The perfect gerund
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The passive gerund
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25. Infinitive and gerund constructions
Verbs + infinitive or gerund
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Verbs + infinitive or gerund without change of meaning
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regret, remember, forget
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agree/agree to, mean, propose
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go on, stop, try, used (to)
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be afraid (of), be sorry (for), be ashamed (of)
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26. The participles
Present (or active) participle
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After verbs of sensation
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catch, find, leave + object + present participle
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go, come, spend, waste etc.
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A present participle phrase replacing a main clause
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A present participle phrase replacing a subordinate clause
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Perfect participle (active)
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Perfect participle (passive) and perfect participle (passive)
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Misrelated participles
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27. Commands, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions
The inperative for commands
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Other ways of expressing commands
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Requests with can/could/may/might I/we
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Request with could/will/would you etc.
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Requests with might
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Invitations
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Advice forms
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Advice with may/might as well + infinitive
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Suggestions
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28. The subjunctive
Form
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Use of the present subjunctive
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as if etc. + past subjunctive
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it is time etc. + past subjunctive
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29. care, like, love, hate, prefer, with
care and like
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care, like, love, hate, prefer
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would like and want
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would rather/sooner and prefer/would prefer
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More examples of preference
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wish, want and would like
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wish + subject + unreal past
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wish (that) + subject + would
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30. The passive voice
Form
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Active and passive equivalents
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Uses of the passive
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Prepositions with passive verbs
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Infinitive constructions after passive verbs
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A middle voice
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A complex passive
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31. Indirect speech
Direct and indirect speech
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Statements in indirect speech: tense changes necessary
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Past tenses
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Unreal past tenses
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might, ought to, should, would, used to in indirect statements
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could in indirect statements
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Pronoun and adjective
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Expressions of time and place
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Infinitive and gerund
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say, tell etc.
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Questions in indirect speech
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Questions beginning shall I/we?
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Questions beginning will you/would you/could you?
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Commands, requests, advice
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Other ways of expressing indirect commands
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let's, let us, let him/them
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Exclamations and yes and no
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Indirect speech: mixe types
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must and needn't
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32. Conjunctions
Co-ordinating conjunctions
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besides, so, still, yet etc.
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Subordinating conjunctions
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though/although, in spite of, despite
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for and because
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when, while, as to express time
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as meaning when/while or because/since
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as, when, while used to mean although, but, seeing that
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33. Purpose
Purpose expressed by infinitive
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Infinitives after go and come
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Clauses of purpose
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in case and lest
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34. Clauses of reason, result, concession, comparison, time
Reason and result/cause
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Result with such/so…that
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Clauses of concession
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Clauses of comparison
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Time clauses
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35. Noun clauses
Noun clauses as subject
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that-clauses after certain adjectives/participles
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that-clauses after nouns
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Noun clauses as objects
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so and not representin a that-clause
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36. Numerals, dates, and weights and measures
Cardinal numbers
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Points about cardinal numbers
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Ordinal numbers
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Points about ordinal numbers
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Dates
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Weights, length, liquids
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37. Spelling rules
Introduction
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Doubling the consonant
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Omission of the final e
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Words ending in ce and ge
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The suffix ful
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Words ending in y
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ie and ei
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Hyphens
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38. Phrasal verbs
Introducton
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Verb + preposition/adverb
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Semantic categories of phrasal verbs
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The sentence
Sentence word order
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The simple sentence
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The compound sentence
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The complex sentence
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1
79
Приложение 2
Таблица 4 Исправления консультанта Донны Томмарсон
|
УГП, |
Американский вариант |
Примечание |
||
|
№ пр. |
Британский вариант |
|||
|
4 |
My brother is ___ sort of engineer. |
My brother is ___ type of engineer. |
||
|
9 |
I wouldn't climb ___ mountain for 1,000! I have ___ horror of heights. |
I wouldn't climb ___ mountain for $1,000! I have ___ fear of heights. |
||
|
11 |
He broke his leg in ___ skiing accident. It's still in ___ plaster. |
He broke his leg in ___ skiing accident. It's still in ___cast . |
American |
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12 |
___ woman without ___ man is like ___ fish without … ___ bicycle. |
An arrogant bug is a cocky roach / _Life is not to be solved, but a gift to be enjoyed |
This analogy doesn't make sense. |
|
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13 |
I want ___ assistant with ___ knowledge of French and ___ experience of ___ office routine. |
I want ___ assistant with ___ knowledge of French and ___ experience in ___ office routine. |
American |
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|
42 |
Just as the air hostess was handing me ___ cup of coffee ___ plane gave ___ lurch and ___ coffee went all over ___ person on ___ other side of ___ gangway. |
Just as the air hostess was handing me ___ cup of coffee ___ plane gave ___ lurch and ___ coffee went all over ___ person on ___ other side of ___ aisle. |
||
|
75 |
...I live in ___ very noisy street. |
...I live on ___ very noisy street. |
American |
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|
107 |
She remained a good friend in all _____ . (weather/ weathers) |
She remained a good friend in all _____ (circumstance / circumstances) |
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|
108 |
Youth _____ the time for action; age _____ the time for repose. (is/are, is/are) |
Youth _____ the time for action; old age _____ the time for repose. (is/are, is/are) |
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|
134 |
In prison they fed us on dry bread, most of ____ was mouldy. |
In prison they fed us on dry bread, most of ____ was moldy. |
Am spelling |
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|
136 |
We slept in the same room as a handcuffed prisoner, ____ handcuffs rattled every time he moved. |
Better to make two sentences. |
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|
137 |
The riverbed is uneven and you may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next, ____ makes it unsafe for non-swimmers. |
The riverbed is uneven. You may be in shallow water one moment and in deep water the next, ____ makes it unsafe for non-swimmers. |
Make two sentences. |
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|
154 |
My neighbours on either side of me have painted their houses ____ of course only makes my house look shabbier than it really is. |
My neighbors on either side of me have painted their houses, ____ of course only makes my house look shabbier than it really is. |
||
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168 |
_________ my neighbour is cooking there is a smell of burning. |
_________ my neighbor is cooking, there is a smell of burning. |
||
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Ex. 12. |
GENDER IN RELATION TO ANIMALS, THINGS AND COUNTRIES |
This is a problem with American English, because we no longer refer to ships, craft, etc. with gender terms. If we know the sex of an animal, we use `he/she'. If we don't, we use `it'. For literature excerpts, one would need to use the gender as written. |
||
|
176 |
My car's not fast, but ___ does 50 miles to the gallon. |
My car's not fast, but ___ gets 50 miles to the gallon. |
||
|
180 |
How's your new car? -- Terrific. ___'s going like a bomb. |
How's your new car? -- Terrific. ___ runs great. |
We would say, "it runs great." |
|
|
193 |
He's always ___ a bad temper ___ breakfast time. |
1. He's always ___ a bad mood___ breakfast time. |
Am. |
|
|
197 |
I drove ___ the car park and joined the morning rush hour. |
I drove ___ the parking lot and joined the morning rush hour. |
||
|
204 |
...His lessons start dead ___ time and you get ___ terrible trouble if you're late. |
... His lessons start right ___ time and you get ___ terrible trouble if you're late. |
||
|
207 |
People who drop litter ___ the pavements are liable ___ a fine ___ 50 pounds. |
People who drop litter ___ the pavements are liable ___ a fine ___ $50. |
||
|
219 |
Remember to be ___ good time ___ the opera because if you're late they won't let you ___ ___ the end ___ the act. |
Remember to be ___ time ___ the opera because if you're late they won't let you ___ ___ the end ___ the act. |
good delete - Am would say "be on time" |
|
|
232 |
... He has heaps ___ friends. |
... He has lots ___ friends. |
Am - "lots" |
|
|
237 |
Buying presents ___ children is sometimes very difficult. ___ the end I bought a kite ___ Tom and a torch ___ Ann. |
Buying presents ___ children is sometimes very difficult. ___ the end I bought a kite ___ Tom and a flashlight ___ Ann. |
Am - flashlight |
|
|
287 |
1. Don't shout! You'll have the neighbours __________ |
1. Don't shout! You'll have the neighbors __________ |
Am spelling |
|
|
316 |
They _____ have built a two-storey house, but money ran out so they built a bungalow instead. |
They _____ have built a two-story house, but money ran out so they built a bungalow instead. |
Am spelling |
|
|
319 |
...He came out of a side road rather fast and a lorry crashed into him. |
He came out of a side road rather fast and a truck crashed into him. |
||
|
344 |
She said that the car ________ at 40 k.p.h. when it ________ to skid. (travel, begin) |
She said that the car ________ at 40 mph when it ________ to skid. (travel, begin) |
||
|
4 |
My brother is ___ sort of engineer. |
My brother is ___ type of engineer. |
||
|
9 |
I wouldn't climb ___ mountain for 1,000! I have ___ horror of heights. |
I wouldn't climb ___ mountain for $1,000! I have ___ fear of heights. |
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