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1,7 M |
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2004
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1. : , _______ _______
2. _________
3.
1) - 9
2) - 1
4. :
1)
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2)
5. :
1: :
1)
2)
3)
2: ;
3: :
1)
2)
3)
6. :
7. :
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():____________________________
74 ., 15 , 5 , 1 .
, , , , , , , ,
, , .
.
.
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.1.1
3.4.1.2
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
.
.
.
.
.
.
, , , ( ) ( ). . , , , 1. - , -- . - - - .
- . - , . .
1 - ,
2 ) - . 1 2, - ( ). 3. 1 2 ) 2, 3. 4 5 6.
() 4 2 ), 5 ( ). , - .
- 2 -
. 5 . 6. , . , , 7 . 3.
- 3, 3 1 2. . 4 5, 6. 7, 8 . . . - . 8 , 9 -- . , 8, , 9 -- .
- 3 -
1.
1.1
- 4
1.2
1 - , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 -
- 5
1.3
, .
W=3n - 2p5 - p4 (1)`
W=15-14=1 - 1 .
1.4
1=0,001 /. , . DC, . DC, 0, . . , 25 DC - .
1.5
:
v=(2l)/2 (1)
2=(n2)/300=36,861 c - 1, (2)
2 - ;
v=(2l)/2=0,0184 (3)
.
B=A+BA=2l (4)
2 .
(b)=2 (b )
D :
=+(5)
=D+D
D . , D .
4
(/4)= (lD/lD) (6)
5,6 D:
5,6=+5,6 (7)
5,6=D+D5,6 (8)
, D .
F 0.
1.6
, , .
:
=v/1 (9)
, 0.
, , , .
:
=+n+ - (10)
=D+nD+D - (11)
D :
n(b1 - nCB)=(cb)/CB (12)
nD(d1 - nCD)=(cd)/CD (13)
D .
4, D :
4=+n4+4 (14)
4=D+n4D+D4 (15)
4 D :
n4с(1 - n4)=(c4)/C4 (16)
n4D(d1 - n4D)=(d4)/D4 (17)
.
4 D4 4.
:
54(1 - 54)=(24/2DE4)(4 - 5) (18)
54 - 15,6.
1.7
S(), - .
:
=2/120=0,523 (19)
: , , , 12 . . = 0 , = ,
?. .
1.8
, . . =12 .
. , .
1.9
. , . .
2.
2.1
6 . SE6 . :
=P/Y max (20)
=2400/100=24 /
E6(SE6). 61, 62,, 6n .
N6 .
N(i)= P(i) E6(i) (21)
:
N(i)= y 6(i) (22)
Nmax=1902090,50,0184=6330,8
N(SE6). N(max). N , :
N= Nmax /Ynmax (23)
N=6330,8/190=33,32 /
N = Nmax / (24)
N = 6330,8/0,75=8441,07
N. = N. 1,1 (25)
N.=8441,071,1=9285,17
2.2
1324.
1324:
- 11 , - 1447 /, - 1500 /, - 22,2 , - 88,5 %, - 0,85, - 83,5 , (0,55 - 11,0 ) - 220 , 380 , 660 .
2.3
:
Up=n/n2 (26)
Up=1447/352=4,1
Up=3..5, .
:
.. =9950N. /n (27)
.. =9950N. / n=995011/1447=72,63 ͷ
:
=.. (28)
= 72,630,98=71,177 ͷ
:
.. = Up (29)
:
=1 - [m(+)+n()], (30)
m=1 - ;
n=2 - ;
(+)=0.02 - ;
()= 0.005 - .
=1 - (10.02 + 20,005) = 0,97
,
.. =71,177 4,10,97=283,07 ͷ
3.
3.1
, .
, - 45 (, , - 1050 - 88, 0,8 %, 0,45 %).
.
.. - , 235262 ; .. - , 269302 . , . - .
2.1 /2, .12/. ; - , 235 - 262 , 235 - 262 , =540 ̷.
:
H=v(0,5(2H12H2)) (31)
:
H1=H1limZN1ZR1ZV1/SH1, (32)
H1limb - .
H1limb=2HB+70 (33)
H1limb=2285,5+70=641 ̷
SH1 =1.1 - ;
ZN1 - , H Hlim. NK NHG NHG= NK;
ZN1=6v(NHG/ NK)=1 (34)
ZR1=1 - , ;
ZV1 - , (ZV=11.15).
ZV= 0,850,1 ?1 (35)
:
=2I n1 /6104( Up +1) (36)
:
I =(Up+1)3v( / Up), (37)
- 1 2 . 1 2 ?350 , =10.
I =10(4,1+1)3v( 283,07 / 4,1)=209,22
:
=2I n2 /6104( Up +1)=9,78 /
2.5 /2, . 18/.
ZV= 0,850,1 ?1 ZV=1,059
:
H1=(641111,059)/1,1=640 ̷
:
H2=(H2limZN2ZR2ZV2)/SH2
ZV= 0,850,1 ?1
=2I n1 /6104( Up +1)
I =10(4,1+1)3v( 283,07 / 4,1)=209,22
=2I n2 /6104( Up +1)=9,78
ZV= 0,850,1 ?1 ZV=1,059
H2=(567111,059)/1,1=566 ̷
H=v(0,5(410881321489))=605 ̷
Hmin H2,
605?707,5
.
:
F1=(F1limYN1YR1YA1)/ SF1, (38)
F1lim=1.75HB=1.75285,5= 499,625 ̷ - ;
SF1=1.7 ( ) - ;
YN1=1 - , ;
YR1=1,2 - , ;
YA1=1 - .
F1=499,62511.21/1.7=352,676 ̷
:
F2=434,87511.21/1.7=306,97 (̷)
.
:
aw=Ka(U+1)(K H T/baU H 2), (39)
Ka=410 (̷)1/3 - ;
ba - .
ba=0.2(U+1)/(U - 1) (40)
ba=0.2(4,1+1)/3,1=0.329
- 0,315
:
KH=KHKHKH, (41)
KH=1,19 - .
KH 2.6 /2, .19/. (n=8), . 1643 - 81.
, :
KH=1+( KH0 - 1) KH, (42)
KH= 0.73 - , , 2.8 /2, .21/.
bd=0.5b(U+1) (43)
bd=0,8,
K0=1.07 - . KH0 2.7 /2, .20/ bd.
K=1+(1,07 - 1)0.73=1,051
K - :
K=1+( K0 - 1) K (44)
K0 :
K0=1+(n - 5), 1?K0?1,6, (45)
=0,25 1 2 ?350 .
K0=1+0,25(8 - 5)=1,75
K=1+(1,75 - 1)0,73=1,277
:
K=1,191,0511,277=1,587
aw :
aw= 2091707,958 / 750351,251/3=205,086
2185 - 66
aw=200 /2, . 21/.
:
d2=2 aw /(U+1) (46)
b2= awba (47)
24.1 /2, .452/. 6636 - 69.
d2=22004,1/5,1=321,568
b2= 2000.315=63
:
:
mmax=2aw/17(U+1) (48)
mmax=400/175,1=6,32
:
mmin=( KmKFT(U+1))/( aw b2[]F), (49)
Km=2,810 ;
[]F []F1 []F2.
:
KF= KFVKFKF (50)
KFV , . KFV=1,38 2.9 /2, .22/.
KF - , , :
KF=0,18+0,82 KH0 (51)
KF=0,18+0,821,07=1,057
, , :
KF=K0=1,75 (52)
KF= 1.381.0571.75=2.553
mmin=( 2,8102,5283,07(5,1))/(20063203)=2,73
(mminmmin) m, : 1, 9563 - 60 m=2,5 /2, .22/.
min :
min=arcsin(4m/ b2) (53)
min=arcsin(42,5/63)=9,1
:
zs=2awcosmin/m (54)
zs=2 2000,99/2,5=158
:
min=arccos((zsm)/(2aw)) (55)
min=arccos((1582,5)/(2200))=9
:
z1= zs/(U+1) (56)
z2= zs - z1 (57)
z1= 158/5,1=31
z2=158 - 31=127
:
U= z2 / z1 (58)
3 %.
U=127/31=4,096
:
U=((U - U)/U)100 % (59)
U=((2.72 - 2.67)/2.72)100%=0,098 % 3 %
3 %.
:
d1= (z1m)/cos (60)
d1= (312,5)/cos9=78,4?78
:
d2=2 aw - d1 (61)
d2=2200 - 78=322
da1 df1 :
da1=d1+21m (62)
df1=d1 - 21.25m (63)
da2=d2+21m (64)
df2=d2 - 21.25m (65)
da1=78+212,5=83
df1=78 - 21.252,5=71,75
da2=322+212,5=327
df2=322 - 21.252,5=315,75
.
:
H=( z / aw)(KHT1(U + 1)3)/b2U, (66)
z=8400 .
H=4213,134= 551 ̷
H []H 15 - 20 %, , .
.
:
Ft=2000T1/ d1 (67)
Ft=2000283,07/78 =7258,229
:
Fr= (Fttg ())/cos, (68)
=200 tg ()=0,364.
Fr=(7286,2290,364)/0,99=2678,977
F=Fttg (69)
F=7286.2290,142=1024,013
.
:
F2=(KF Ft)/(b2m)YFS2YY?[]F2 (70)
YFS, , z=z/cos YFS=3,59 2.10 /1, .25/.
Y, :
Y=1 - /100 (71)
Y=1 - 9/100=0,91 Y?0,7,
Y - , Y=0,65.
F2=(2,67283,229)/(632,5)3,590,910,65=255,309?306,97 ̷
;
:
F1=F2YFS1/YFS2?[]F1 (72)
F1=201,5233,80/3,59=213,311?352,676 ̷
.
: . =/.
; 24.9 /1, .459/.
Hmax []Hmax;
Hmax=v?[]Hmax,
[]Hmax 2,8, 2.1 /2, .12/.
[]Hmax=2,8540=1512 ̷
Hmax=605v2,2=897,36 ̷
Fmax []Fmax.
Fmax=F?[]Fmax (73)
. :
[]Fmax=(FlimYNmaxkst)/Sst, (74)
Flim - ;
YNmax - , YNmax=4 - ;
kst - , 1,3;
Sst - ( Sst=1,75).
:
[]F1max=(F1limYN1maxkst1)/Sst1
]F1max=(499,62541,3)/1,75=1484,6 ̷
:
[]F2max=(F2limYN2maxkst2)/Sst2
[]F2max=(434,87541,3)/1,75=1292,2 ̷
, Fmax ;
:
Fmax1=213,3112,2=469,285?1484,6 ̷ (75)
;
:
Fmax2=255,3092,2=561,16798?1292,2 ̷
.
3.2
3.2.1
d?8׳vT (76)
d?d+2t (77)
d?d+3r (78)
d=84,144=33,15432
24.1 /2, .452/. t , r f 24.10 - 24.19 /2, .459 - 467/.
d=32+22=36
d=36+32,5=44
3.2.2
d=6׳vT
d?d+2t
d?d+3r
d?66,566=39,396?40
d?32+22=36
d?36+32,5=44
24.27 /2, .475/.
:
- 1 - 1?b2;
- 1=1=1,5d
- :
1=1=1,532=48
- :
1=1=1,540=60
- :
1=1,4d (79)
1=1,447=65,8
- :
1=1,2d (80)
1=1,255=66
:
- :
dp=0,9[d - 0,11] (81)
dp=0,9[32 - 0,148]=28,368
- :
dp=0,9[d - 0,11] (81.1)
dp=0,9[40 - 0,160]=30,6
3.3
3.3.1
. - 45. ( ).
, . S :
S=2,2m+0,05b2 (82)
S=5,5+3,15=8,65
100 . :
?0,5(S+S) (83)
S=0,5(d-d) (84)
S=0,5(68,2-44)=12,1
?0,5(8,65+12,1)=10,37515
3.3.2
:
p=(2)/(d1f), (85)
- , 3;
f - (), f=0,08.
p=(20003283,07)/334111,2981=5,083 ̷
:
=(10pd)/((C1/E1)+(C1/E1)), (86)
C1 C2 - .
1=2=2,1105 (/2) - const, .
C1=((1+(d1/d)))/((1 - (d1/d))) - 1 (87)
C2=((1+(d/d2)))/((1 - (d/d2))) - 2 ,
d1 , . . ;
d - ;
d2 - ;
1=1=0,3 - .
C1=1 - 0,3=0,7
C2=1,026/0,973 - 0,3=1,354
=(105,08352)/((0,7/2,1105)+(1,354/2,1105))=2,584
:
U=5.5(Ra1+Ra2), (88)
Ra1 Ra2 - , 22.2 /1, .387/.;
Ra1 - 3,2;
Ra2 - - 1,6.
U=5.5(3,2+1,6)=26,4
:
[N]min= +U (89)
[N]min= 2.584+26.4=28.984
:
[N]max= []max+U, (90)
[]max - , .
[]max=([P]max)/p, (91)
[P]max - .
[P]max=0,51[1 - (d/d2)]
[P]max=0,52[1 - (d/d2)],
1 2 - .
1=2=540 ̷
[P]max=0,55401=262,959
[P]max=0,55400,974=270
[]max=(262,9592,584)/5,083=133,678
[N]max= 133.678+26.4=160.078
6.2 /2, .86/. H7/U7.
:
F=d1pmaxfn (93)
pmax=([N]max - U)p/, (94)
fn - () , - 0,20.
pmax=(160,78 - 26,4)5,083/2,584=160,516
F=3,145249160,5160,2=257,342
3.3.3
- :
=210/d(h - t1)lp (95)
=(2283,07/35,9(8 - 5)78)1000=67,39 ̷<140 ̷
:
=(2283,07/52,1458)1000=46,838 ̷<140 ̷
- :
=(271,177/29,1350)1000=32,6 ̷<140 ̷
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.1.1
:
- , 24.16 /2, .465/. 7307 27365 - 87
6, 7.
6 -
7 -
- ( y 21424 - 75). :
Fm=50( T)1/2 (96)
Fm=508,426=421,832
:
) YOZ
?M=0 (97)
Ft11 - R12=0 (98)
R=( Ft11)/12 (99)
R=( 7286,22941,8)/83,6=3643,1145
?M=0 (100)
- Ft(12 - 11)+ R12=0 (101)
R=Ft(12 - 11)/12 (102)
R=7286,229(41,8)/83,6=3643,1145
:
?Y=R - Ft+R (103)
?Y=3643,1145 - 7286,229+3643,1145=0 - ;
) XOZ
?M=0 (104)
Fr11+(Fad1/2) - R12=0 (105)
R=( Fr11+(Fad1/2))/12 (106)
R=(111981,2386+(1024,01336/2))/83.6=1559,97
?M=0 (107)
(R12 - Fr(12 - 11))+(Fad1/2)=0 (108)
R=(F(12 - 11) - (Fad1/2))/12 (109)
R=2678,97741,8 - 18432,234/83,6=1119,007
:
?X= - R+Fr - R (110)
?X= - 1119,007+2678,977 - 1559,97=0 - ;
:
R=(R+ R) 1/2 (111)
R=(R+ R) 1/2 (112)
R=3811,097
R=3963,053
R:
?M=0 (113)
- Fm13+R12=0 (114)
R=Fm13/12, (115)
13 - Fm.
13= - +1+0,15d+12/2, (116)
- .
=0,5[+(d+D/3)e], (117)
D, T, e - (. ).
=0,5[23+(36+80/3)0,31]=17,493
13=23 - 17,493+65,8+5,4+29=105,707
R=105,707421,832/83,6=533,381
?M=0 (118)
- Fm(12+13)+R12=0 (119)
R=Fm(12+13)/12 (120)
R=421,832(83,6+105,707)/83,6=955,213
:
-Fm+RAM - RM=0 (121)
-421,832+955,213 - 533,381=0 - ;
:
RrA=RA+RAM (122)
Rr=R+RM (123)
RrA=3811,097+955,213=4766,31
Rr=3963,053+533,381=4496,4337
3.4.1.2
8, 9.
9 -
10 -
( y 21424 - 75).
Fm=50( T)1/
Fm=5016,825=841,234
:
) YOZ
?M=0
Ft11 - R14=0
R=( Ft11)/15
R=( 7286,22941,8)/83,6=3643,1145
?M=0
Ft(15 - 14)+ R15=0
R= - Ft(15 - 14)/15
R= - 7286,229(41,8)/83,6= - 3643,1145
:
?Y=R+Ft - R
?Y= - 3643,1145+7286,229 - 3643,1145=0 - ;
) XOZ
?M=0
- Fr14+(Fad2/2) - R15=0
R=( - Fr11+(Fad2/2))/15
R= - 111981,239/83.6= - 1066,337
?M=0
( - R15+Fr(15 - 14))+(Fad2/2)=0
R=(F(12 - 11) - (Fad1/2))/12
R=111981,239+22835,49/83,6=1612,64
:
?X=R - Fr - R
?X=1612,64 - 2678,977 - 1066,337=0 - ;
:
R=(R+ R) 1/2
R=(R+ R) 1/2
R=3984,079
R=3795,966
R:
?M=0
- Fm16+R15=0
R=Fm16/15
16= - +1+0,15d+12/2
=0,5[+(d+D/3)e]
=0,5[27,5+(44,6+100)/30,35]=22,185
16=27,5 - 22,185+66+6+41=118,315
R=841,234118,315/83,6=1190,557
?M=0
- Fm(15+16)+R15=0
R=Fm(15+16)/15
R=841,234201,915/83,6=2031,791
:
- Fm+RM - RM=0
- 841,234+2031,791 - 1190,557=0 - ;
:
Rr=R+RM
Rr=R+RM
Rr=6015,87
Rr=4986,523
3.4.2
- :
L?10ah=20000 .
:
Rr1=Rr (124)
Rr2=Rr (125)
Rr1=4766,31
Rr2=4496,434
RS1=0,83eRr1 (126)
RS2=0,83eRr2 (127)
RS1=0,830,314766,31=1226,372
RS2=0,830,314496,434=1156,932
.. RS1>RS2 F>0 :
R1=RS1 (128)
R2=R1+F (129)
R1=1226,372
R2=1226,372+1024,013
:
R1/(VRr1) (130)
V=1
R1/(VRr2)=0,26<=0,31
, 1: =1, Y=0.
:
R2/(VRr2)=0,5>=0,31
, 2: =0,4, Y=1,5.
=1,3 =0,75 :
R1=VXRr1T (131)
R2=(VXRr2+YRa2)T (132)
R1=114766,311,31=6196,203
R2=5174,1501.31=6376,389
2 ( )
23=0,65 :
L?10ah=23((r/R2)3,33)(106/(60n)), (133)
r - ;
n - ;
23 - .
L?10ah=0,65((68200/6376,389)3,33)(106/(601447))=20024,489
,
-
L?10ah=20000 .
:
Rr1=Rr
Rr2=Rr
Rr1=6015,87
Rr2=4986,523
RS1=0,83eRr1
RS2=0,83eRr2
RS1=0,830,356015,87=1747,661
RS2=0,830,354986,523=1448,585
.. RS1<RS2 F>RS1 - RS2 :
R1=RS1
R2=R1+F
R1=1744,661
R2=1744,661+1024,013=2774,674
:
R1/(VRr1)
V=1
R1/(VRr2)=0,349<=0,35
, 1: =1, Y=0.
:
R2/(VRr2)=0,556>=0,35
, 2: =1, Y=1,6.
=1,4 =0,75 :
R1=VXRr1T
R2=(VXRr2+YRa2)T
R1=6015,871,41=8422,218
R2=2493,266+4434,6781.41=9699,389
2 ( )
23=0,65 :
L?10ah=23((r/R2)3,33)(106/(60n))
L?10ah=0,65((101000/9699,389)3,33)(106/(60352))=75292,348
, .
.
. , . :
R2/r=0,935
, 7.6 /2, .265/. n6, 7.7 /2, .265/ 7.
. :
R2/r=0,09
n6, N7.
3.4.3
.
.
(YOZ) 10.
:
x=0 (134)
:
x=RABl1 (135)
x=152,282 ͷ
:
x=0 (136)
(XOZ) 11.
:
y=0 (137)
:
y=RAl1 (138)
y=46,774 ͷ
:
y=RAl1+( Fad1)/2 (139)
y=65,3 ͷ
:
y=0 (140)
.
:
=0 (141)
:
=Rl1 (142)
=44,59 ͷ
:
=0 (143)
:
= (144)
=71,177 ͷ
12.
.
(YOZ) 13.
:
x=0
:
x=RBl4
x=152,281 ͷ
:
x=0
(XOZ) 14.
:
y=0
:
y=Rl4
y=46,774 ͷ
:
y=Rl4+( Fad2)/2
y=90,244 ͷ
:
y=0
:
:
=0
:
=Rl6
=99,531 ͷ
:
=0
:
=
=283,07 ͷ
15.
10 -
11 -
12 - ,
13 -
14 -
15 - ,
- .
:
=() (145)
=177,01310
:
W=(d)/32 (146)
W=13876,916
:
=()/W (147)
=13,688 /
ST=T/(K) (148)
ST=640/27,914=23>[ST]=1,6
.
:
==/W (149)
==177013/13876,912=12,756 /
=/2=/2WK (150)
WK=d/16 (151)
WK=27753,824
=(283,0710)/55507,649=5,1 /
:
()D=((K/Kd+KF - 1)1/KV) (152)
()D=((Kr/Kd+KF - 1)1/KV), (153)
KV=1 - .
()D=((2/0,81+1/0,95 - 1)1/1)=2,52
()D=((1,65/0,81+1/0,97 - 1)1/1)=2,068
:
( - 1)D=( - 1/K)D (154)
( - 1)D=( - 1/K)D (155)
( - 1)D=(370/2,52)=146,825 /
( - 1)D=(210/2,068)=101,55 /
:
S=( - 1)D/a (156)
S=( - 1)D/a (157)
S=146,825/12,756
S=101,55/5,1=19,912
:
S=SS/(S+S) (158)
S=229,187/(132,48+396,488)=9,2>[S]=2,5
.
3.4.4
15. : .
.
:
1= 1,28, (159)
- .
1=61,28=7,68
:
D=D+4d, (160)
D - ;
d=9 - .
D=80+32=112
:
1= 1,28
-
1=61,28=7,68
:
D=D+4d
D=100+40 =140
, , 4 7808 - 79 815. 8752 - 79, - d9. 6 7808 - 79 840.
3.4.5
8752 - 79.
3.5
- 15. . . 0.05 . 20 . . .
:
=1,2(T)1/4 6 (161)
=1,2(283,07)1/4=8
:
d=1.25(T)1/3 (162)
d=1.25(283,07)1/310
10. 7808 - 70 10 40 . 6402 - 70 d=12 .
:
d=1.25d (163)
d=1.2510=12
12 .
:
b=3d (164)
b=312=36
:
a (L)1/3+3 (165)
a(343)1/3+3=10,3
:
b03a (166)
b0310=30
:
=1.4d (167)
=1.012=12
aw 250 , Z= 4
3.6
. H=605 ̷, =9 /. - - - - 22.
. . 161.5. . . 121.75.
. , .
:
hm(2m0,25d2T) (168)
hm?40
3.7
- ( 21424 - 75)
D = 140,
d = 81
L = 121
20 ( 412 - 85);
- 45 ( 1050 - 74); - 8 /.
3 ( 380 - 71); - 10 /.
, : , ; , .
, , . , , , .
1 .. . / .. , .. , .. . - .: , 1975.- 572 .
2 .. / .. ... - .: , 2001. - 447 .
3 .. / . . , .. . - .: , 1985. - 320 .
4 : . / .. , .. , .. , .. . - ., - , 1972. - 464 .
5 .. / .. , .. . .: , 1991.- 384 .
16 - 4
17 - 4
18 - 4
1 -
i |
||||||
0 |
190 |
3800 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
190 |
3800 |
47,5 |
0,874 |
3321,2 |
|
2 |
190 |
3800 |
77 |
1,417 |
5384,6 |
|
3 |
190 |
3800 |
90,5 |
1,666 |
6330,8 |
|
4 |
153 |
3060 |
84,5 |
1,555 |
4758,3 |
|
5 |
44 |
880 |
50 |
0,92 |
809,6 |
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
l=0,001 /, N=0,0184 B/
l=0,0184 /, Nmax=6330,8 B
Allbest.ru
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