Работа над английским текстом "Economic growth"

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РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

ФГБОУ ВПО «ТЮМЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

ИНСТИТУТ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЬ «Экономика»

К О Н Т Р О Л Ь Н А Я Р А Б О Т А

По дисциплине: Английский язык

Когалым, 2013

Упражнение 1.

Прочитайте и переведите текст устно

Economic growth

1. Many millions of people enjoy a quality of life today that pervious generations could not have dreamed of. Home ownership, рrivate cars and holidays are now standard for most families in industrialized countries. And yet at the same time, billions of people in other countries live without even clean drinking water. How can this be? The answer is that the fortunate few live in countries with sustained economic growth.

2. An economy is growing when the gross national product is increasing year after year. When economists calculate economic growth, though, they must take into account the effects of inflation. For example, imagine that the gross national product of a country increased from $500 billon to$ 510 billion from one year to another. That's an increase of two per cent in output. Very impressive! However, if the rate of inflation was two per cent, then there has been no real growth at all.

3. The other thing to remember about economic growth is that not all growth is good. Governments want steady, sustainable growth. Sudden, sharp increases in growth - a boom - can cause the economy to overheat and fall into recession. For many economies, the long run growth over many years is steady, but the short run is a roller- coaster ride of boom and depression. For instance, the long run growth of the UK economy since 1950 has been a steady 2.5% per year. However, if you look closely at any decade you'll see that there is a cycle of growth, recession and recovery. The truth is, steady growth in the short term is very hard to achieve.

4. Nevertheless, many countries are still struggling to achieve any kind of growth at all. Why is this? What is necessary for growth to happen? Many economists have tried to find the answer to this question, and there are plenty of theories to choose from. However, most economists agree that there things are essential for economic growth to occur: capital growth, savings and technological progress.

5. Capital refers to the factories and machinery that the labour force uses to turn raw materials into products. More workers and more raw materials will only lead to a certain amount of growth. Eventually, the economy needs more capital for the labour to use. Capital growth can also include training and education for the labour force. This makes the workforce more efficient, creative and productive.

6. Of course, someone has to pay for the new machines and training. In other words, capital growth needs investment. Money for investment needs to be borrowed from banks. Banks can only lend if customers make savings. This is why savings are so important for growth. However the economy will not grow if everyone is saving and no one is spending. Getting the right balance between consumption and saving is another part of the challenge of economic growth.

7. But above all, technology is the real miracle worker of economic growth. An advance in technology can increase productivity from the same amount of capital and resources: just what the chancellor ordered!

Упражнение 2

Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных и вставьте в пропуске

Например: 1b

1. In many ways life for previous …was more difficult. (1b)

- In many ways life for previous generations was more difficult.

2. Home …has increased in many parts of Europe. (2C)

- Home belonging has increased in many parts of Europe

3. When the economy grows dangerously fast, we say it…. (1a)

- When the economy grows dangerously fast, we say it a boils over.

4. A …is when economy is growing quickly.(4d)

- A boom is when economy is growing quickly.

5. …are fairground rides like trains that go and down very fast.(5C)

- bumper cars аre fairground rides like trains that go and down very fast

6. …in technology in the last 30 years has been incredible. (6А)

- a growth in technology in the last 30 years has been incredible.

7. …is when you get better after something bad like an illness - or economic depression.(7В)

- recovery is when you get better after something bad like an illness - or economic depression.

8. When you …you fight or work hard for something.(8С)

When you struggle you fight or work hard for something.

9. Don't buy anymore milk. We've got… in the bridge.(9А)

- Don't buy anymore milk. We've got a plenty in the bridge.

10. A fortunate person is very ….(10б)

- A fortunate person is very rich .

11. Mountain climbers are people who enjoy a ……..(11С)

- Mountain climbers are people who enjoy a boom.

12. The …is the government minister responsible for the economy.(12В)

- The prime minister is the government minister responsible for the economy.

13. … Growth is growth that can continue for a long time.(13С)

- lucky Growth is growth that can continue for a long time.

1. a Peopleb generationsc family

2. a ownershipb havingc belonging

3. a boils overb overheatsc warms up

4.a bangb boomc balloon

5. a roller-coastersb big wheelsc bumper cars

6. a growth b increases с rise

7. a discovery b recoveryc slump

8. a overheatb recoverc struggle

9. a plentyb a shortagec none

10. a hard -working b rich c lucky

11. a challengeb racec boom

12. an economistb prime minister c chancellor

13. a sustainableb sustainedc sustaining

Упражнение 3

Напишите правильны (T) или неправильны (F) следующие утверждения из текста

1. Billions of the people in other countries live without clean drinking water (T) (I paragraph)

1. Миллиарды людей в других странах живут без чистой питьевой воды

2. An economy isn't growing then the GNP is increasing F (II paragraph)

2. Экономика не растет тогда, ВНП увеличивается

3. All growth is good T (II paragraph)

3. Весь рост хорош

4. Economists have no idea about what causes economic growth F (IV paragraph)

4. Экономисты понятия не имеют о какой экономический рост причин

5. The economy needs more labour to grow T (V paragraph)

5. Экономика нуждается в большем количестве труда, чтобы расти

6. Banks can't lend if customers make savings. (VI paragraph).

6. Банки не могут предоставить, если клиенты делают сбережения. F (VI параграфов).

7. Technology can increase productivity T (VII paragraph).

7. Технология может увеличить производительность (VII параграфов).

английский текст словосочетание предложение

Упражнение 4

Соедините слова из правой колонки со словами из левой колонки и получите словосочетания из текста.

Упражнение 5

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. Do many people enjoy a quality of life to day? (I абзац)

- today that pervious generations could not have dreamed of.

2. When is economy growing (II абзац)

- An economy is growing when the gross national product is increasing year after year.

3. What do governments want? (III абзац)

- Governments want steady, sustainable growth.

4. Capital growth needs investment, doesn't it? (IV абзац)

- However, most economists agree that there things are essential for economic growth to occur: capital growth, savings and technological progress.

5. What is the truth? (V абзац)

- Eventually, the economy needs more capital for the labour to use.

6. What is necessary for growth to happen? (VI абзац)

- Getting the right balance between consumption and saving is another part of the challenge of economic growth.

7. Can capital growth include training and education for the labour force? (VII абзац)

- An advance in technology can increase productivity from the same amount of capital and resources: just what the chancellor ordered!

Упражнение 6

Прочитайте и переведите абзацы 2 и 3 письменно

2. Экономика растет, когда валовой национальный продукт увеличивается год за годом. Когда экономисты вычисляют экономический рост, тем не менее, они должны принять во внимание эффекты инфляции. Например, предположите, что валовой национальный продукт страны увеличил с низкопробного золота / серебра за 500$ to$510 миллиардов с одного года другому. Это - увеличение двух процентов в продукции. Очень внушительный! Однако, если темп инфляции составлял два процента, то не было никакого реального роста вообще.

3. Другая вещь, чтобы помнить об экономическом росте - то, что не весь рост хорош. Правительства хотят устойчивый, жизнеспособный рост. Внезапные, резкие увеличения в росте - буме - могут заставить экономику перегревать и падать в спад. Для многих экономических систем длинный рост пробега за многие годы устойчив, но короткий промежуток времени - роликовое устройство для нанесения покрытий - поездка бума и депрессии. Например, длинный рост пробега британской экономики с 1950 составил устойчивые 2.5 % ежегодно. Однако, если Вы будете пристально смотреть на какое-нибудь десятилетие, то Вы будете видеть, что есть цикл роста, спада и восстановления. Правда, устойчивый рост в ближайшей перспективе очень трудно достигнуть.

Упражнение 7

К следующему предложению задайте все виды вопросов

Most economists agree that three things are essential for economic growth to occur: capital growth, saving and technological progress.

General G-n

Special g-n

Alternative g-n

Disjunctive g-n

Большинство экономистов соглашается, что три вещи являются существенными для экономического роста, чтобы произойти: прирост капитала, экономя и технологическое продвижение.

Генерал Г-н

Специальный g-n

Альтернатива g-n

Дизъюнктивый g-n

Упражнение 8

Ответьте на предложенный вопрос письменно.

What do you think makes an economy grow?

I think, what yes, forces economy to grow.

Because, that I do, increases gross national product of my country

То, что ты делаешь, ты думаешь, заставляет экономику расти?

Я думаю, что да, заставляет экономику расти.

Потому что, то что я делаю, увеличивает ВВП моей страны.

Список используемой литературы

1. Т.О. Потекина. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебное пособие, практикум издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2008 год

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