Социокультурный подход в формировании грамматических навыков в 8 классе

From 8 February 1960, all The Queen's descendants who do not bear the "style, title or attribute of HRH, and the titular dignity of Prince or Princess" have the name of Mountbatten-Windsor. (Mountbatten as Prince Philip's surname). Among the official royal residences are Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, St. James Palace, Balmorals Castle, Frogmore House, The Palace of Holyroodhouse, Sandringham House and Kensington Palace.

The only time when there was no King or Queen in England was when the country was a republic between 1649 and 1660.

Приложение 3

Текст №3.Tradition and customs of Great Britain.

Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play more important part in the life of the people than in some other countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. It has been the law for about three hundred years that all the theatres are closed on Sundays no letters are delivered only a few Sunday papers are published. To this day English families prefer cottage houses with gardens to flats in a modern house with central heating. English people like gardens. Sometimes the garden in front of the house is a little square covered with cement painted green (in imitation of grass) and a box of flowers. In English houses the fire-place has always been the centre of interest in a room. For many months of the year people like to sit round the fire and watch the dancing flames. Fire places are decorated with woodworks, there is a painting or a mirror over it. Above the fire there is usually a shelf with a clock and some photographs. Holydays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in Scotland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holyday and in Scotland it is not kept at all except by clerks in banks, all the shops and factories are working. But 6 days later on the New Year's Eve the Scots begin to enjoy them. People invite their friends to their houses and sit the old year out and the New Year in. In England on New Year's Eve a lot of people go to Trafalgar Square, at midnight, they all cross their arms join hands and sing. People have parties too, they drink toasts to the New Year Children are happy to have presents.

Four times a year the offices and banks in Britain are closed on Monday. These public holidays are known as Bank Holidays. The British like to spend holidays out of the town in the open air. They go to the sea-side or to amusements parks. Londoners often visit the Zoo; outside London they take their families to Hamster Heath a large natural park too. There is usually a big fair with many different amusements for children merry-go-round, swings puppet shows, bright balloons. One must also speak about such holidays ass All Fools Day, Halloween Bonfire Night, St.Valentines Day and such tradition as Eisteddfod (a festival of which culture).

Приложение №4

Текст №4. National Dress in Britain

English National Dress Unfortunately the English doesn't really have a traditional National Dress as such. In one notorious episode during the Miss World pageant the English contestant came out wearing a Beefeater's costume, it was very embarrassing I can tell you.

There have been calls over the years to create a costume, but as usual no-one can decide on what it should look like. Even Henry VIII got in on the act and commissioned an artist called Van Dyck to create an English National Costume, this also failed. So for lack of anything else I will leave you with the following picture of the nearest thing - a Beefeater costume as worn by Miss England.

Scottish National Dress

One of the most famous national costumes in the world is that worn in Scotland, the kilt, however some people say that the kilt is not as traditional as some would have it. Be that as it may it is certainly what people associate with Scotland, along with whisky and haggis that is. Some people consider it very bad luck to wear a kilt in a tartan that does not belong to your family. Just to remind you should you visit Scotland any time - the men do not wear skirts - they wear kilts - and don't you forget it!

Gentlemen

Today traditional dress for men in Scotland is a kilt with shirt, waistcoat and tweed jacket, stockings with garter flashes, brogue shoes and a sporran. A bonnet is often worn displaying the clan crest.

Ladies Traditionally.

Ladies don't wear kilts, they do however wear dresses or pleated skirts in a tartan material. More often though they wear a light plaid or shawl of tartan material,

For more information on Scottish National dress visit the Clan Campbell Society North America web site. Do you want to know what a Scotsman wears under his kilt? - Click here if you dare!

Welsh National Dress

Welsh National dress is relatively young and not as famous as Scottish National dress. Still they do have a National costume, but it's the way the ladies dress that is most well known, in fact there isn't really a National costume for men although recently through the rise of nationalism in Wales a tartan has been created and tartan trousers or kilts are often worn.

For the ladies the typical Welsh costume consists of a hat, made of black felt, with a high crown and wide brim, which is worn over a lace cap. A red flannel shawl is worn over a crisp white blouse, and a full skirt made of wool with a black and white check pattern and a starched, white apron. Proper Welsh ladies always wore black woolen stockings and black shoes and carried a basket, made from willow withies.

Irish National Dress

With the revival of Irish dancing, the traditional Irish costume has become associated with the bright flamboyant costumes worn by traditional Irish dancers. However in ancient Ireland people were more likely to be seen wearing 'leine' (Irish for shirt),” trews” (Irish for trousers) and long cloaks fastened with a brooch.

All in all there are a lot of myths and legends surrounding many of the so called 'traditional' costumes. Often when you do some real historical research you will find that they aren't that old or traditional.

Приложение №5

Текст №5. Sports in England Great Britain

Sports play an important part of English life, particularly football and cricket. Some of the world's most famous sports began here including cricket and football.

Although cricket is officially recognized as England's national sport, for many people football (soccer) is the most important sport. Football is incredibly popular in the UK. England is home to some world class football teams, the most famous being Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool.

Cricket the first recorded cricket match took place at Cox heath, Kent in the year 1646. The first match between counties Surrey and Kent, took place on 29th June in 1709. Before the cricket ball was invented, players would hurl stones and other lethal objects at each other. Thankfully, that's all stopped. Nowadays the modern cricket ball is much friendlier. It's made of cork and covered with hand-stitched leather.

A formal game of cricket can last anything from an afternoon to several days. The basic concept of cricket is very similar to that of baseball; teams bat in successive innings and attempt to score runs, while the opposite team fields and attempts to bring an end to the batting team's innings. Football dates back hundreds of years. Nowadays it is England premier sport. There are a total of 92 professional clubs in the English Football League. Most players are semi-professional, and have full time jobs as well. The highlight of the English football year is the FA Cup Final, held each year in May.

The English love football so much that they have turned most of their main players into celebrities; who are always at the centre of the media's attention. The likes of David Beckham, Bobby Charlton and George Best have become heroes for the hundreds of thousands of kids who are out having fun, playing football in parks, playgrounds and on the streets.

Everyone knows the rules. Just get the ball into the other teams net!

Offers in Great Britain. Register your business in Great Britain

The British like sport very much. They are fond of all kinds of sports. Many sports were invented in Great Britain and then spread throughout the world. Sports became popular long ago. In the 19-th century sport was organized at public schools so that young people could develop their physical abilities. But shortly afterwards the idea was borrowed by businessmen who started to organize football and other sports for their workers. From the 1960s commercial companies began to sponsor different British sports and activities. The national British sports are: football, golf, cricket, tennis, racing, and darts. Like everyone else the British adore football. Moreover, the Englishmen invented it.

Nobody can say for sure when people started playing football on the British Isles. It is important however, that current uniform rules of the game were settled only in the 19-th century. At that time there was a great debate, whether one could use his hand to kick the ball or not. Those who wanted to permit the players to carry the ball with their hands united to form rugby. Rugby is played by teams of 15 men with an oval ball. Those who insisted on playing with feet and head only had the majority and that was the beginning of football as everybody knows it today. In Great Britain and more often in the United States football is called soccer to distinguish the game from American football, the game that has much in common with rugby.

Soccer, played almost in all countries, remains one of the most popular games in Great Britain. Each team consists of field players and one goalkeeper. Only the goalkeeper is permitted to take the ball into his hands. The game lasts for 90 minutes with a 15 minute break between two halves 45 minutes each. Most British towns and cities have a football team. Every year, each team in England plays in the Football Association competition. The two best teams play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. It is one of the biggest sporting events of the year.

Another traditional British game is cricket. Unlike football cricket is not widely spread outside the British Isles. Cricket is a summer game, it is played in schools, colleges, universities. Cricket is a very long and a very slow game. There are two teams. Each team consists of eleven men. The "bowler" throws the ball, and a "batsman" hits it with his bat.

Tennis is also very popular in Britain. Two different games that do not have much in common bear the name of tennis - lawn tennis and table tennis. Both games first appeared in England, but today the British prefer lawn tennis to table tennis. Every summer, in June, the biggest tournament in the world takes place at Wimbledon. This world centre of lawn tennis is located in a suburb of London. Millions of people watch the Wimbledon Championship on TV. Table tennis originated in England in 1880. But the British players are not lucky in table tennis international championships.

Englishmen like all kinds of racing. Horseracing, motorcar racing, boat racing, dog-racing, donkey racing are very popular in England. The most famous boat racing in England is between Oxford and Cambridge. It first started in 1820 and has been held almost every spring since 1836. A lot of people come to watch this competition between England's leading universities.

Приложение №6

Текст №6. Тест по страноведению.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Choose the correct answer from the variants listed below.

1. What is the official name of the country whose language you study?

Great Britain b) England c) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2. How are many countries does the United Kingdom consist of?

a) four b)three c)two

3. What is the capital of Scotland?

a) Manchester b)Edinburgh c)Cardiff

4. What is the capital of Wales?

a)Edinburgh b)Cardiff c)Liverpool

5. What is the symbol of the United Kingdom?

a) a bald eagle b)Britannia c) a rose

6. What is the emblem of England?

a) a shamrock b)a red rose c)a leek

7. What is the name of the British national flag?

a) The Union Jack b)the Saint Andrew's Cross c) the Saint David's Cross

8. What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?

a) the Senate and the House of Representatives

b) the House of Lords and the House of Commons

c)the Cabinet of Ministers and the Shadow Cabinet

9. What is the London residence of Queen Elizabeth II?

a) the Tower of London b)Windsor Castle c)Buckingham Palace

10. Where is the Nelson's Column situated?

a) the Parliament Square b) the Trafalgar Square c)in Piccadilly Circus

11. What country is called a Land of castles and princes?

a)England b)Northern Ireland c)Wales

12. The ravens are famous sight of…

a) the Tower London b)London Zoo c)Covent Garden

13. What place in England is called a kind of Disneyland?

a) Hampstead Heath b)Alton Towers c)Windsor Safari Park

14. What is the official religion in the United Kingdom?

a) Catholicism b)Orthodoxy c)Protestantism

15. What is the main cathedral of the Anglican Church?

a) St. Paul's Cathedral b)Canterbury Cathedral c)Salisbury Cathedral

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