Аудиторная и самостоятельная работа по английскому языку

is Tom ? I ..... (not see) him at school yesterday . I ... (be) to Leningrad several times. I ... (be) in Leningrad twice last year .

7) Dear Boris ,

I (receive) your letter about a month ago , but I couldn`t find time to answer it .

I (be) very busy lately . Three days ago I (fail) in History , as I (miss) many lectures and (not attend) seminars . In general I (not to work) hard . Right now it is 6 p.m. and I (sit) at my desk . I (sit) here for five hours doing my work . I (decide) to have a few hour`s rest , so I (write) you . Please write soon . Sincerely yours , Pete .

Ex. 92 Choose the right answer .

1) I .... school 2 years ago . a) left b) have left c) had left

2) What article .... you now ? a) translate b) have been translating c) are translating

3) Yesterday at 5 o `clock I .... an article . a) translated b) will translate c) was translating

4) How many articles ..... you this year . a) have translated b) translated c) had translated

5) He ..... articles very well. a) is translating b) translates c) translated

6)Tomorrow at 7 o`clock I ..... an article .a) shall translate b) shall have translated c) shall be

translating

7) I .... this article since Monday. a) translate b) have been translating c) am translating

8) I ... this article soon . a) shall translate b) shall be translating c) was translating

9) Yesterday I .... this article . a) translated b) was translating

10) I .... this article before you came . a) had translted b) was translating c) translated

11) I ..... this article for an hour already when you came .a) had been translating b) was translating c) had translated

12) Tomorrow will be a month , when I .... this article . a) shall have been translating

b) shall translate c) shall be translating .

Ex. 93 Translate into English .

1) Я учусь в университете уже несколько месяцев. (study)

2) Я окончил школу в прошлом году.(leave)

3) В конце каждого семестра мы будем сдавать несколько экзаменов.(term, to take)

4) Мы часто работаем в лингафонном кабинете.(language laboratory)

5) К концу года мы представим курсовую работу нашему куратору.(to present, course paper,tutor)

Past Perfect Progressive & Future Perfect Progressive

Ex. 94 Translate into Russian.( Переведите на русский язык. )

1. Не had been sitting here for 40 minutes when the telephone rang. 2.I had been trying to get him on the phone all day. 3. At eight in the morning we had bee driving for six hours. 4. It was clear that they had bee gossiping again. 5. He'd probably been brooding over it day and night -- he was that sort. 6. We had been walking in the rain for many hours when we saw house. 7. She had been sitting there for half an hour before it started raining. 8. He had been looking for the glasses for an hour before he realized he had them in his pocket. 9. He had been waiting for her for a long time before she came. 10. Tom had been doing his homework for an hour when his friend came to see him.

Ex. 95 Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы. 1. I thought you had been working here for five years. 2. John said the children had been playing in the garden since nine o'clock. 3. By that time she had already been studying at the university for three year 4. He told me he had been working at his translation since the morning. 5. They had been sleeping for six hours when the noise began. 6. She had finished her work before she went out.

Ex. 96 Translate into Russian.( Переведите на русский язык. )1. They will have been sitting here for 20 minutes when I come. 2. In ten minutes' time I shall have been hanging around here for exactly four hours! 3. When they finish I will have been waiting for them for 30 minutes. 4. Tomorrow it will be a month as they have been working on this project. 5. When the boss will see me, I will have been waiting for him for 2 hours. 6. He will have been repairing his car for two weeks on Wednesday. 7. He will have been working on his book for a year soon.

Ex. 97 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Perfect Progressive.

1.Не (to study) in London for two years when I come here. 2. He (to teach) German for two years when I begin to teach English. 3. By next July she (to live) here for five years. 4. At six o'clock I (to work) for five hours. 5. I (to work) at the library for 3 hours when you come there.

Ex. 98 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Progressive, Past Simple, Past Progressive, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Progressive.

It ... (rain) all day today. I ... (suspect) it ... always (rain) on Sundays in England. Anyhow, it ... (rain) every Sunday since I... (arrive) here three months ago. I ... just (begin) to get used to it but I ... (find) it rather monotonous! I ... (live) in a boarding-house in Bayswater as I ... (not, possess) enough money to stay in a hotel or a flat of my own. However, I... (enjoy) my stay here as I ... already (have) many opportunities to meet interesting people who ... (come) from all over the world. Like me, they ... (study) English or else they ... (work) with foreign firms that have branches or agencies here. Some of them ... (live) here for quite a long time but even they ... (not, all, speak) English very well. My friend Peter, for instance, who ... (come) from Basel, and ... (come) here a year ago, ... still (speak) with a strong Swiss accent. He says this is because he ... (work) long hours with an export-import firm where they ... (speak) little English. Although I ... (be) here only three months, I ... (pick) up enough English to be able to correct Peter frequently, but as I ... (learn) English at school here, I have an unfair advantage over Peter, who is a good fellow, and ... (be) most helpful in showing me about London during the first weeks of my stay.

Ex.99 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple , Present Progressive, Present Perfect, Future Simple, Future Progressive, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Progressive.

1.I ... (wait) for you at the hotel at midday tomorrow. 2. All the time you are toiling(трудиться) in the office next week, I... (enjoy) myself on the beach! 3."Don't worry," said the doctor, "your bones ... (mend-заживать) nicely in a few days." 4.I ... (finish) everything by the time you get back tomorrow. 5.I... (have) an operation then, so don't come until some weeks later. 6.1 wonder what I... (do) at this time tomorrow. 7.I hope you ... (work) at this time tomorrow. 8. Please show me the painting when you ... (complete) it. 9.I ... (live) here twenty years next September.10. When you ... (do) your homework, pay particular attention to neatness (аккуратность). 11. When you ... (live) in London as long as I, you will know its geography fairly well. 12 ... I (see) you next week? I'd like to know for certain.

Ex. 100 Ask questions

1)The contract had been signed by the end of last month.(What)2)The suitcase was being packed when she called.(Was)3)The letter is being translated from Russian into English at the moment by our translator.(By whom)4)The flat has been already sold.(Has)5)The house will be renovated next month.(When)6)The first telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.(When)(By whom).

Сопоставление Present Simple, Present Progressive, Present Perfect и Present Perfect Progressive

1. Present Simple (действие происходит вообще, не в момент разговора)	Не usually goes to the Institute. Он обычно ходит в институт.
2. Present Progressive (действие еще про- исходит в момент разговора)	Не is still going to the Institute. Он все еще идет в институт.
3. Present Perfect (действие уже произошло к моменту разговора)	Не has gone to the Institute. Он уже ушел в институт.
4. Present Perfect Progressive (действие уже продолжалось до момента разговора и все еще происходит)	This has been going on for two hours. Это продолжается уже 2 часа.

Сопоставление Past Simple, Past Progressive, Past Perfect и Past Perfect Progressive

1. Past Simple (действие проис- ходило в прошлом, не в момент разговора)	Не went to the Institute yesterday. Он ходил в институт вчера.
2. Past Progressive (действие все еще происходило в определенный момент прошедшего времени)	Не was going to the Institute when I met him. Он шел в институт, когда я его встретил.
3. Past Perfect (действие уже произошло к определенному моменту прошедшего времени)	Не had gone to the Institute before I came. Он уже ушел в институт до того, как я пришел.
4. Past Perfect Progressive (действие уже происходило до определенного момента в прошлом и все еще продолжало происходить)	This had been going on for 2 hours when you arrived. Это продолжалось уже 2 часа, когда вы приехали.

Сопоставление Future Simple, Future Progressive, Future Perfect и Future Perfect Progressive

1. Future Simple (действие будет происходить в будущем)	She will go to the Institute next year. Она будет ходить в институт в будущем году.
2. Future Progressive (действие все еще будет происходить в определенный момент будущего)	Не will be going to the Institute when I meet him.Он будет идти в институт, когда я его встречу.
3. Future Perfect (действие уже произойдет к определенному моменту в будущем)	Не will have gone to the Institute before I come. Он уже уйдет в институт до того, как я приду.
4. Future Perfect Progressive (действие уже будет происходить до определенного момента в будущем и все еще будет продолжаться)	This will have been going on for 2 hours when you arrive. Это будет продолжаться уже в течение 2 часов, когда вы приедете.

Ex. 101 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Progressive, Past Simple, Past Progressive, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Progressive.

1.I ... still not (find) the stocking I lost last week.

2. What... you (eat)? Your lips and chin are purple!

3.My family ... (live) in the same house for 3 years now.

... you (finish) the book I lent you last week?

Who ... (sing) in the bath when I came in?

It started to rain while I... (weed) the rockery.

7.While I... (weed), Jack ... (mow) the lawn. He finished long before I did.

8.My wound ... (ache) ever since it started to rain.
9. My ankle (лодыжка) is swollen: I... (think) I have sprained it.

10. I... (think) about it and I fancy I have found the answer.

11. As it is raining, I... (not, go) out.

12. Ah, there you are! I hope you ... (not, wait) for me for a long time.

13 . ... anyone here (lose) a silver pencil?

14.I ... (sleep) badly recently, doctor. What can I do about it?

15.I... (try) to finish this exercise for the last hour.

... your friends (arrive) in South Africa yet?

Yes, they ... (arrive) there ten days ago.
18.I... (order) you to do it at once!

19. Go on, I... (listen) attentively.

20. What... you (do) when I came in a moment ago?

21. He ... (fish) a long time but hasn't caught even a minnow yet.

22. I ... (wait) for you for ages. Thank heavens you're here at last.

23. As I ... (go) down the street just now, I saw an odd(странный) scene.

24.I... (go) to see Uncle Charles quite a lot recently.

25.I ... (go) to see him again on Friday but I was kept late at the office.

26.Uncle Charles ... (make) money ever since he was a boy. He's enormously rich!

27.I'm feeling unwell so I... (not, eat) anything today.

28.I... (hope) nothing untoward has happened to you.

29.Our firm ... (make) biscuits ever since the reign of Charles II.

30.Our firm ... (make) the biscuits Wellington ate before the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

31. ... you ever (see) any elephants when you were in Africa?

32... (work) rather hard and I feel tired.

33. We ... (learn) several new idioms today.

34. When I ... (do) my homework, I listen to the wireless before going to bed,,

35.I.. (know) him for a long time; in fact he is my oldest friend.

36.I shall have to walk as I... (miss) the last bus.

37. Your English ... (improve) since I started to teach you.

38 ... you (solve) that problem yet?

39 friend ... already (find) a good job in the city.

40 Why ... you not (speak) to him when he passed just now?

41.What a mess! What ... you (do), you naughty child?

42. ... you (see) John this week?

43. What ... Caesar (say) when he crossed the Rubicon?

Test

Ex. 102 Раскройте скобки, ставя глаголы в соответствующем времени.

And now the trade of this town (develop) with extreme rapidity and the ambition of the inhibitions (grow) along with it.

Have you any idea what she (do) when I (ring) her up tomorrow?

We (know) him a long time before we (give) him a position in the accounts department.

I want the full programme you (show) in the afternoon of the 4th October. I want to see these pictures as your audiences (see) them the week before last. That (not be) possible here, but perhaps the identical programme (run) now in some other picture-house.

He parted from them in the firm conviction that he (receive) far more information than he (impart).

When your case (come) on the stroke of the appointed hour, it (be followed) a minute later by that of the chairman.

He knew he (must) do it though he (not need) to worry about the consequences.

8. When I was living in England I often (think) how unexcited these English always (be).

9. I (stay), I am determined to stay here for the present, until the end of June at any rate.

10."I thought there (may) be something for me," she said opening the envelope. "I (have) anonymous

letters before now and there (be), not one of them that (not mean) something."

11. Nothing satisfies him, he always (complain)!

12. By that time you (learn) that nobody can really help you but yourself.

13. Is it the same lady I (see) you with yesterday?
14. I (notice) a number of improvements done in this town since I last was here.

15. They (add) a new wing to the library since spring.

16.I'm afraid he (not realize) the importance of this question.

17. I (dream) that I (walk) in a marvelous garden when the telephone wakened me.

18. He never (be) the same since his accident.

19. He got there sooner than he (expect).

20. He is still a very poor singer for all he (do) to rain his voice.

21. I have sworn that I (not go) back till I (see) all he marvels of this oriental city.

22. I (see) him last week and he told me he (quit) his b in the dispatch department and that he (act)

as assistant director of the invoice department from the beginning of the month.

23. By the end of summer the greater part of our к (be completed).

24. What did you do when you (find) out you (lose) your wallet?

25. Look! I believe it is Mrs. Stern who (cross) the street.

26 … you ever (hear) of an honest thief?

27. These orphans (live) here ever since the cruelty of man (deprive) them of their homes.

28. "What's the matter?" -- "Someone (scribble) in my book!"

29. Can you imagine that at 6.30 the two teams (fight) for 2 hours!

30. Hardly he (glance) at the letter when he dashed it impatiently on the ground.

31. The scientist died without realizing that he (make) a discovery which (revolutionize) the whole

world.

32. I (take) to her the moment I saw her and very soon we (decide) to marry.

33. I was afraid Diana (break) down when she (be informed) of Alan's accident.

34 After you (leave) I (must) apologize for your behavior.

35. The militarization of science means the open abandonment of the high ideals by which scientists

(be nurtured).

36. I never (have) such a terrifying experience in my life!

37. That clerk (lose) his place because he (prove) dishonest.

38. She (have) dinner here if she comes tomorrow.

39. Listen, somebody (knock) at the door! I (suppose) it's the chairwoman. She usually (come) before nine.

40. After she (speak) to the policeman she knew where she was.

Adding . Приложение.

At the airport . В аэропорту

Terminal - аэровокзал Entrance - вход

Flight - рейс самолета Exit - выход

Arrivals - прибытие

Departures - отправление Landing - посадка самолета

Information - справочное бюро Time of departure - время отправления

Check-in - регистрация Passport control - паспортный контроль

Gate - выход на посадку Customs - таможня

Luggage claim - выдача багажа Lost & (and) Found - бюро забытых вещей

Delay - опоздание, рейс откладывается Duty-free Shop - магазин беспошлинной торговли

Security - служба безопасности Toilet, WC - туалет

Phrases. Фразы

Hello! Here is my ticket / passport - Здравствуйте! Вот мой билет / паспорт

Here's a hotel reservation - Вот бронирование гостиницы

I am here on business - Я здесь по делам

I'm here on a holiday / as a tourist - Я здесь в отпуске / как турист

The purpose of my visit is personal - Цель моего визита личная

I'm here for a week - Я здесь на неделю

I shall stay at a hotel/ at my friends - Я остановлюсь в гостинице / у друзей

This bag is my hand luggage - Эту сумку я хочу взять в самолет

Here is my customs declaration - Вот моя таможенная декларация

I have nothing to declare - Мне нечего декларировать

All these things are for my use - Это мои личные вещи

I have with me Russian roubles / US dollars /euros -У меня с собой российские рубли/$/евро

My luggage is missing - У меня пропал багаж

I need an interpreter - Мне нужен переводчик

Phone this number, please - Позвоните по этому телефону, пожалуйста

Where can I take the carriage for my luggage? - Где я могу взять тележку для багажа?

Where do passengers of flight … receive luggage? - Где выдача багажа пассажирам рейса…?

I cannot find my suitcase? - Я не нахожу своего чемодана

Unfortunately, nobody has met me - К сожалению, меня никто не встретил

How can I get to the city / the hotel? - Как мне добраться до города / гостиницы?

Where is an information service of the airport?-где находится справочная служба аэропорта?

Where is the indicator-board of departures/ arrivals?- Где находится табло вылета / прилета?

What an excess weight of luggage I have? - Какой у меня перевес багажа?

How much should I pay for excess weight of the luggage?- Сколько я должен заплатить за перевес?

What's the boarding gates for the flight? - Где производится посадка на рейс?

At the airplane.В самолете

Emergency exit - Аварийный выход No smoking - Не курить

Fasten Seat Belts - Пристегнуть ремни Vacant - Свободно

Occupied - Занято Business-class - Бизнес-класс

Economy-class - Эконом-класс Aisle [ail] - Проход

Seat - Место Seat back - Спинка кресла

Air vent - Вентилятор Life jacket - Спасательный жилет

Phrases.Фразы

Please, give me a blanket / a pillow / a paper bag - Дайте, пожалуйста, плед / подушку / пакетик

Help me, please to fasten the belts / to tip up the seat - Помогите мне, пожалуйста,

пристегнуть ремни / откинуть кресло

Bring me, please juice / mineral water(with ice) / tea / coffee - Принесите, пожалуйста, сок /

минеральную воду (со льдом) / чай / кофе

I am not well. Help me, please. - Мне плохо. Помогите, пожалуйста

At the hotel.В гостинице

B&B ( bed and breakfast) - ночлег и завтрак Reception - регистрация

Manager - администратор A double room - двухместный номер

Do not disturb - не беспокоить Fire exit - запасный выход

Service - обслуживание Money / Currency exchange - обмен денег / валюты

No vacancies - мест нет Room number - номер комнаты

Maid - горничная Halfboard - полупансион

Room service - обслуживание в номер Key - ключ

Shower -душ Bathroom - ванная

Balcony - балкон Conditioner - кондиционер

Bathrobe - халат Slippers - тапочки

Porter - носильщик

Phrases.Фразы

Do you have vacant rooms? - У вас есть свободные номера?

I have a reservation. - У меня забронирован номер

I'd like a single room. - Мне нужен одноместный номер

How much is it per night? - Сколько стоит номер в сутки?

I'd like to see the room. - Можно посмотреть номер?

It's too expensive. - Это слишком дорого

I'll take this room. Key, please. - Я беру этот номер. Ключ, пожалуйста.

I'll stay here for one week. - Я остановлюсь на неделю.

I need a safe. - Мне нужен сейф.

When is breakfast here? - Когда здесь завтрак?

Please, wake me up at 7 a. m. - Разбудите меня в семь часов утра, пожалуйста.

Please, call a taxi for me at 10.00 p.m. - Закажите такси, пожалуйста, на 10 часов вечера.

The toilet is out of order. - Туалет плохо работает.

The TV is out of order. - Телевизор сломался.

I'm sick, I need a doctor. - Я болен, мне нужен врач.

We are leaving. Here is the key. - Мы уезжаем. Вот ключ от номера.

The bill, please - Счет, пожалуйста.

Can I pay by credit card? - Можно оплатить кредитной картой?

Give me, please, the key of my room / one more towel. - Дайте мне, пожалуйста, ключ от

моего номера / еще одно полотенце.

Change bed-linen, please. - Смените, пожалуйста, постельное белье.

A switch has broken / A bulb has burnt out in my room. - У меня в номере сломался

выключатель / перегорела лампочка

At the restaurant. В ресторане

Restaurant - ресторан Pub - паб

Snack bar - закусочная Teashop, tea room - чайная

Bar - бар Breakfast - завтрак

Lunch, dinner - обед Supper - ужин

Menu - меню Vegetarian menu - вегетарианское меню

Wine list - карта вин Bill - счет

Waiter - официант A dish of the day - дежурное блюдо

Sandwiches - бутерброды A plate - тарелка

A cup - чашка A spoon - ложка

A fork - вилка A knife - нож

A glass - бокал A napkin - салфетка

Salt - соль Sugar - сахар

Pepper - перец Mustard - горчица

Ashtray - пепельница A toothpick - зубочистка

Salad -салат Appetizer - закуска

Herring - селедка Caviar - икра

Sausage - колбаса Wine - вино

Mineral water - вода минеральная Juice - сок

Bread - хлеб The first course - первое (блюдо)

Soup - суп Broth - бульон

The main course - второе (блюдо) Meat - мясо

Beef - говядина Pork - свинина

Lamb - баранина Chop - отбивная

Chicken - курица Veal - телятина

Fish - рыба Salmon - лосось

Fresh-water fish - речная рыба Eggs - яйца

Seafood - морепродукты Shrimps - креветки

Lobster -омар Oysters [`oist?s] - устрицы

Local dish - национальное блюдо Potatoes - картофель

Rice - рис Vegetables - овощи

Cucumbers - огурцы Tomatoes - помидоры

Sauce [so:s] - соус Dessert [de's?:t] - десерт

Coffee - кофе Tea - чай

A cake - пирожное Sweets - конфеты

Jam - варенье Fruit - фрукты

Ice-cream - мороженое Hot - горячий

Cold - холодный Fresh - свежий

Boiled - вареный Fried - жареный

Smoked - копченый Salted - соленый

Spicy - острый No salt - без соли

Sweet - сладкий Sparkling - газированный

Still - не газированный A bottle - бутылка

Phrases.Фразы

A table for one / two, please - Мне нужен столик на одного / на двоих .

Give me a menu, please - Дайте меню, пожалуйста

Do you have a menu in Russian? - У вас есть меню на русском языке?

What do you recommended for dinner? - Что лучше взять на обед?

I would like to order … - Я хочу еще заказать …

Where is the toilet? - Где здесь туалет?

The bill, please - Счет, пожалуйста

Thank you, the meal was very good - Спасибо, все было очень вкусно

Shops and Shopping. Магазины и покупки.

Open - открыто Opening hours - часы работы

Close - закрыто Sale - распродажа

Ground floor - цокольный этаж Food - продукты

Men's wear - мужская одежда Women's wear - женская одежда

Customer services -обслуживание покупателей

Department store - универмаг Shopping centre - торговый центр

Supermarket - супермаркет Market - рынок

Basket - корзина Plastic bag - пакет

Shop assistant - продавец Customer - покупатель

Things - вещи Size - размер

Pay desk - касса Money - деньги

Change - сдача Coins - монеты

Credit card - кредитная карта Cheque - чек

Price - цена Discount - скидка

Clothes - одежда Shoes - обувь

Hats - шляпы Children clothes - товары для детей

Toys - игрушки China - посуда

Camera - фотоаппараты Household goods - хозтовары

Electric goods - электротовары Sports - спорттовары

Underwear - нижнее белье Souvenirs - сувениры

Jeweller's - ювелирные изделия Perfumes - духи

Groceries - бакалея Confectionary - кондитерские изделия

Phrases.Фразы

Where is a shopping centre? - Где здесь торговый центр?

I want to buy … - Я хочу купить …

I need … - Мне нужно …

I have … - У меня есть …

I'm just looking - Я просто смотрю.

How much is it? - Сколько стоит?

Give me, please … - Дайте мне …

Where is a fitting room? - Где здесь примерочная?

Where is a lift? - Где лифт?

Show me, please … - Покажите мне …

Could you help me? - Не поможете мне?

I'll take it - Я это беру.

It's too small/big for me - Это мне мало / велико.

My size is … - Мой размер …

I want the same but of other colour - Мне нужен другой цвет.

Can I use a credit card? - Я могу заплатить кредитной карточкой?

Can I change this thing? - Можно обменять эту вещь?

Where is the sale here? - Где здесь распродажа?

Shall I get my money back? - Мне вернут деньги?

At the chemist's. В аптеке

Chemist's, drugstore - Аптека Chemist's shop open - Дежурная аптека

Where is the chemist's / drugstore (амер.) here? - Где здесь аптека?

I need - Мне нужен …

Have you … - Есть у вас …?

Antibiotic - антибиотик

Iodine - йод

A bandage - бинт

An adhesive - лейкопластырь

A syringe - шприц

Painkiller - болеутоляющее

Medicine against an allergy - средство против аллергии

Febrifuge - жаропонижающее

Nose drops - капли в нос

Give me, please, something for … - Дайте мне, пожалуйста, что-нибудь от …

A headache [hedeik] - головной боли

A cold - простуды, насморка

A cough [kof] - кашля

Stomachache [stm?keik] - боли в желудке

Can I get here a medicine according to the prescription? - У вас есть лекарство по этому рецепту?

How much must I pay? - Сколько с меня? (напишите, пожалуйста)

At the doctors. У врача

I'm not well - Я плохо себя чувствую.

I'm ill - Я заболел.

I need a doctor - Мне нужен врач.

Could you help me, please? - Помогите мне, пожалуйста.

I don't speak English - Я не говорю по-английски.

Call an ambulance, please - Вызовите скорую помощь.

I have medical insurance [in'?u?r?ns] certificate - У меня есть медицинская страховка.

How could I take this medicine?(write it down, please) - Как принимать лекарство? (напишите пожалуйста)

before meal - до еды after meal - после еды

I have … - У меня ..

A fever - температура, жар

An ache [eik] in the throat - болит горло

A pain in the back - боль в спине

A high / low blood pressure [`pre??] - повышенное / пониженное кровяное давление

Disordered stomach - расстройство желудка

Could I see a dentist? - Мне нужен зубной врач.

Could I have a blood test? - Мне нужно сделать анализ крови.

Taxi. Такси

Taxi stand / taxi rank - стоянка такси

I need a taxi - Мне нужно такси.

Are you free? - Вы свободны?

This address, please - Отвезите меня по этому адресу.

To the city centre, please - Отвезите меня в центр города.

Stop here, please - Остановитесь здесь.

Wait here, please - Подождите здесь.

A receipt [risit], please - Квитанцию, пожалуйста.

A post office. A telephone.Почта. Телефон

Postbox, mailbox - почтовый ящик Postal code - почтовый индекс

Letter - письмо To send a letter - послать письмо

A stamp - марка An envelop - конверт

A postcard - почтовая открытка A telegram - телеграмма

A register letter - заказное письмо To send by E-mail - послать по электронной почте

Express delivery - срочная доставка A sender - отправитель

An addressee - получатель An address - адрес

To send a fax - отправить факс Payphone - платный таксофон (монетный)

Phone card - телефонная карточка Card phone - карточный таксофон

Mobile phone - мобильный телефон Telephone directory - телефонный справочник

To dial - набрать номер Engaged / busy - линия занята

Reverse charge call - звонок за счет вызываемого абонента

Phrases.Фразы

Where is a telephone here? - Где здесь телефон?

I want to make a phone call to Russia - Мне нужно позвонить в Россию

Give me, please the phone number for - Мне нужен номер телефона в …

What dialing code for … - Какой код в …?

We have been cut off - Нас разъединили.

Надписи и указатели

At the city В городе Bank Банк

Square - Площадь Cash machine (dispenser) - Банкомат

City centre - Центр города Commission fee - Комиссионный сбор

Pedestrians only - Только для пешеходов Traveler's cheques - Дорожные чеки

Keep left - Держитесь левой стороны Bank transfer - Банковский перевод

Keep right - Держитесь правой стороны Bank account - Банковский счет
Underground - Метро To draw money from the bank account - Снять деньги со счета

Taxi stand - Стоянка такси Payment - Выплата

No Trespassing - Проход запрещен To cash - Обналичить

Private ( Property ), no admittance - Посторонним вход воспрещён

Danger - Опасно для жизни! Money order - Денежный перевод

Press here - Нажмите кнопку In a train В поезде

Push - От себя Tickets - Билетные кассы

Pull- К себе Left-luggage - Камера хранения

Rent a car (car rental) - Прокат автомобилей Track - Путь

Monday - Friday only - Только по будням In a bus В автобусе

Admission - Входная плата Coach - Междугородный автобус

Admission free - Вход бесплатный Coach station - Автовокзал ( для междугор. авт)

Ex. 104 Fill in the gaps with the proper words.

Cooks, wakes, an hour, an early riser, ironing, lunch break, tired, a late riser, o'clock, oversleep.

1) … is a period of time of sixty minutes.

2) Smoothing clothes is … .

3) The alarm clock … me up at seven o'clock.

4) At one p. m. we have an hour's … .

5) When you have a late night you take a risk to … next morning.

6) It is difficult to get up in the morning if you are … .

7) The work is very hard and I'm awfully … .

8) Jim usually leaves university at two … .

9) She is … , so it is not a problem for her to get up at six in the morning.

10) Who … breakfast for you in the morning.

Word list

To keep to schedule/ to be behind schedule - идти по расписанию/опаздывать

To catch/to miss the train - успеть/опоздать на поезд

Half fare - льготная плата

Full fare - балет за полную стоимость

To go ashore - сойти на берег

To call a port - зайти в порт

To be/get seasick - страдать от морской болезни

To hitch-hike - добираться «автостопом»

Waiting-room - зал ожидания

Tire (Am.)/ tyre (Br.) - шина

Spare tire - запасное колесо

Rear/front tire - задняя/передняя шина

To fill tires with air - накачать шины

Ex. 105 Fill in the sentences with the following words.

Behind schedule, missing, fare, in advance, hitch-hiking, lower, tire, gets seasick, go ashore, destination.

1) I want a ticket to Glasgow. How much is the … ?

2) Fred is leaving on Monday. His … is New York.

3) Jane doesn't like sea voyages, she always … .

4) Where is my suitcase? I'm afraid it may be … .

5) It's very difficult to get a ticket in summer, you should book it … .

6) The train is due to arrive at six, it's a quarter past six. The train is … .

7) If the ship calls at a port the passengers can … .

8) … can be rather dangerous for young women.

9) If the … is flat you'll have to stop at the nearest service station and fill it with air.

10) Some people think the upper berth is less comfortable than the … one.

Ex. 106 Fill in the sentences with the verbs in the infinitive.

Speak, not buy, arrive, go, bring, see, get, take, have, make, translate, give, redecorate.

1) As Barbara was short if time she decided … a taxi.

2) My niece would like … a new baby doll and I promised … her one for her birthday.

3) My granny learnt … French when she was living in Switzerland.

4) Jerry wants … a two-week trip to the Caucasus in June.

5) Melissa refused … to this party even though her friends insisted on it.

6) My wife and I agreed … a new computer but decided … our kitchen instead.

7) John forgot … me my copybook so I can't hand in my exercises today.

8) Liz hoped … at the airport at 3.40 but because of the traffic jams she managed … there only at 4.

9) Alec hoped … all his classmates at the reunion.

10) Kathleen failed … the sentences at the exam and got a poor mark.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Location

Britain forms the greater part of the British Isles, which lie off the north-west coast of mainland Europe. Great Britain is separated from the Continent by the English Channel. "Great Britain" is a geographical expression but "The United Kingdom" is a political expression. The name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelands. Great Britain comprises England, Wales and Scotland.

Great Britain is in fact the biggest of the group of islands which lies between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The total is 242,534 sq. km. Britain is just under 1,000 km long from the south coast of England to the extreme north of Scotland, and just under 500 km across in the widest part.

The population of the United Kingdom is 57 million people. The British Isles today are shared by two separate and independent states. The smaller of these is the Republic of Ireland, with its capital in Dublin. The larger, with London as its capital, is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This long title is the result of a complicated history. The Island of Great Britain contains three "nations" which were separated at earlier stages of their history: England, Scotland and Wales. Wales had become part of the English administrative system the 16th century. Scotland was not completely united with England until 1707. The United Kingdom is a name which was introduced in 1801 when Great Britain became united with Ireland.

England

The largest and most densely populated part of the United Kingdom is England. The population of England is 47,837 million people. England is washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The name "England" is derived from the Angles. Roman rule lasted for over 300 years from A. D. 43. The last invasion of England took place in 1066 when Duke William of Normandy defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings. At that time the English language was very much transformed.

The capital of England is London, which is the largest city in Britain. It is situated on the River Thames (the most important one). There are many rivers in England, the longest is the Severn. England is mostly a lowland country. Upland regions are in the north and the south-west. Northern England, Midland and South England -- each part is different but very picturesque.

The English like to spend their holiday in the Lake District, which is in the Northern England.

The main industries in England are the wool industry (with its centre in Leeds and Bradford), heavy machinery, shipbuilding, the cotton industry (the centre is Manchester).

Scotland

Scotland is the most northern part of the island of Great Britain. Its population is over 5 million people. Scotland was inhabited mainly by the Picts.

In the 6th century, the Scots from Ireland (or Scotia) settled in what is now Argyll, giving their name to the present-day Scotland. During the 9th century, the various parts of Scotland united in defence against the Vikings. The powerful monarchy which existed in England threatened Scottish independence throughout

the Middle Ages. In 1603 James VI of Scotland became also James I of England when Queen Elizabeth I of England died without children. In 1651 Scotland was united with England, although

Scotland kept its own parliament. In 1707, both countries, realizing the benefits of closer political and economic union, agreed on a single parliament for Great Britain.

The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between England and Scotland. The greater part of Scotland is surrounded by sea. Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast and the Orkney and Shetland islands off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea on the east.

Scotland is divided into three parts: the Highlands, the Lowlands and the Southern Uplands. The Highlands are among the oldest mountains in the world. There are a lot of valleys and lakes in this region, the best known lake is Loch Ness.

Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the Lowlands. The biggest city is Glasgow. It is an industrial city and an important port in the United Kingdom. Shipbuilding is the leading industry. But other industries such as iron and steel, engineering and coal-mining are highly developed too. The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh. It is the cultural centre of Scotland.

Wales

In 1301 after defeating the native princes of Wales, King Edward I of England named his son Prince of Wales. Since then the eldest son of the King or Queen of England has traditionally been given this title. In 1536 Wales was brought into the English system of national and local government by the Act of Union.

Most of Britain was inhabited by Celts until the 4th century. Welsh and English are both official languages in Wales now.

The population of Wales is over 3 million people. About 75% of the people of Wales live in urban districts.

Wales is a highland country of old, hard rocks. North Wales is a country of mountains and deep valleys. South Wales is a land of high hills. The capital of Wales is Cardiff (an industrial city and a port). Cardiff is an administrative and educational centre. Such industries as coal-mining, steel production, electronics, electrical engineering are developed in this part of the country.

The Welsh are fond of folk music, singing and poetry. Welsh literature is one of the oldest in Europe.

Northern Ireland

A number of kingdoms had emerged in Ireland before the Christian era. Ireland didn't escape the invasion of the Vikings, who dominated the country during the 10th century. In 1169 Henry II of England launched an invasion of Ireland. He had been granted its overlordship by the English Pope Adrian IV who wanted to bring the Irish church into full obedience to Rome.

The English Civil Wars (1642--1651) led to uprisings in Ireland which were crushed by Cromwell. During the 18th century various efforts were made by British Government to achieve stability. In 1800 the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland was signed. The "Irish question" continued as one of the major problems of

British politics during the 19th century. In 1985 the Angle-Irish Agreement was signed in Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland. The population of Northern Ireland is about 1.5 million people. It occupies one-sixth of the territory of the United Kingdom. 53% of the population live in urban areas. The largest industry is agriculture. The main industrial centre and a large port is Belfast.

Exercises

1) Answer the questions.

1) When did Scotland and Wales start being governed from London?

2) What are the Welsh fond of?

3) Why is Britain warmer than other countries on the same latitude?

4) How can you explain that London is drier than continental cities?

5) Why is the south of Great Britain better suited to farming than the west or the north?

6) Prince Charles is Prince of Wales. Where does this title come from?

7) What are the main industries in England?

8) What regions is Scotland divided into?

9) When was the Act of Union between Great

Britain and Ireland signed?

2) Fill in the gaps.

1) "Great Britain" is a ... expression.

2) Great Britain is a group of islands which lies between ... and ... .

3) The total area of Great Britain is ....

4) The capital of the Republic of Ireland is ....

5) The name of the United Kingdom was introduced in ... .

6) Roman rule in England lasted for over ... years.

7) ... is an administrative and educational centre of Wales.

8) ... mark the boundary between England and Scotland.

9) ... dominated Ireland during the 10th century.

10) In 1985 the Anglo-Irish Agreement was signed in ....

3) Choose the right answer.

1.The longest river is

a) the Thames.

b) the Severn.

c) the Avon.

2. England is separated from Scotland by...

a) the Pennines.

b) the Southern Uplands.

c) the Cheviot Hills.

London

Read the text and answer the questions:

London is the capital of Great Britain. It is a very old city. It is two thousand years old. London is not only the capital of the country, it is also a huge port. London is situated upon both banks of the Thames. There 17 bridges across the river. The population of London is about 9 million people. London has got three parts: the City of London, the West End, the East End.

The City of London is the oldest part of London. You can see narrow streets and pavements there. There are many offices, firms and banks in this part of London. The City of London is the financial centre of the United Kingdom.

The West End is the centre of London. There are many sights in the West End. They are, for example, the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben. It is interesting that the clock "Big Ben" came into service in 1859. Big Ben is the biggest clock bell in Britain. It weighs 13.5 tons.

The other interesting place is Westminster Abbey, which was founded in 1050. It is situated in the centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey: Newton, Darvin and others.

The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. It was built in the 18th century.

There are many nice squares in London. Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the centre of the West End. One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square. There are many museums, libraries and galleries in London. The Tate Gallery is one of the well-known galleries in London. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer. He was fond of paintings and collected many pictures.

The British Museum is a very interesting place in London. It was founded in 1753. The library of this museum has a lot of books. The East End of London is the district for the working people. There are many factories, workshops, docks there. There are many cars and buses in London. There is a tube (an underground) in London, too. It is a nice one. One can say that the City is the money of London, the West End is the goods of London, the East End is the hands of London.

Words

The Houses of Parliament - здание парламента huge - огромный

The Thames -- p. Teмзa pavement - тротуар

Population - население workshop - мастерская, цех

Questions

1. What is the capital of Great Britain?

2. What do you know about the population of Great Britain?

3. Are there any beautiful parks in London?

4. Name three main parts of London.

5. What kind of interesting places are there in London?

6. Where is Trafalgar Square?

7. What do you know about the British Museum?

8. Where is the official London residence of the Queen?

9. The Tate Gallery is one of the well-known galleries in London, isn't it?

10. Have you been to London

The British Museum

The British Museum was opened in 1753. It grew out of collections of three rich men. George II gave the royal library to the museum in 1757. The collection is enormous, and covers ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, China and Japan, as well as prehistoric times.

Victoria and Albert Museum

Victoria and Albert Museum ( V&A ) is named after Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert. It grew out of the collection of objects bought for the Great Exhibition in London in 1851.

National Gallery

National Gallery has a collection of Italian, Dutch, German and French pictures. The National gallery is rich in paintings by Italian masters such as Raphael and Veronese. It has pictures of European schools of art such as works by Rembrandt, Rubens and El Greco. The gallery is open seven days a week and admission is free.

Tate Gallery

The Tate Gallery opened in 1897and is named after Sir Henry Tate, who donated his collection of 65 paintings to the nation. Now it is the National Gallery of Modern Painting. There is a large collection of European twentieth-century art there.

The Tower

The Tower of London is a very old building. It is more than 900 years old. English kings lived in it many years ago, but now it is a museum. People who come to London like to go to the Tower. It was a fortress, a royal palace and later a prison. The ravens are another famous sign. The legend says that without them the Tower will fall.

Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the London home of the Queen. When the flag is flying on the top she is at home. The Buckingham Palace is the Royal residence. It was built in 1703 by the Duke of Buckingham. King George III bought the palace in 1761. It is now the official home of Queen Elizabeth and the British Royal Family. There are nearly six hundred rooms in the palace and three miles of red carpet. Buckingham Palace is like a small town, with a police station, two post offices, a hospital, a bar , two sport clubs, a disco, a cinema and a swimming pool. Two men work full-time to look after the 300 clocks. About 700 people work for the Palace.

Big Ben

Ben is the name of the huge clock in one of the tall towers of the Houses of Parliament. The Houses of Parliament is the largest modern building in the richest Gothic style completed in 1857. It stands on the left bank of the river Thames and is 940 ft in length. Those who want to get a front view of the building should look at it from a boat on the Thames. Clock Tower, overlooking Westminster Bridge is 316 ft high and 40 ft square. People are allowed to get inside the Tower so they can see the works of Big Ben. There is no lift and there are three hundred and forty steps up to Big Ben. The faces of the clock are very large. The minute hand is 14 ft long, the hour hand is 9 ft, the figures are 2 ft long.

Nelson's Column

Nelson's Column is named after the greatest admiral Lord Nelson. It is a very tall column and a figure of Nelson on top of it. Equally famous is the general who led the army at the battle of Waterloo in 1815. This is the Duke of Wellington. His house stands at Hyde Park Corner. It is sometimes named as Number One, London. Like Admiral Nelson, the Duke of Wellington is buried in St Paul's Cathedral.

1) Find the English equivalents in the text.

Королевская библиотека, огромный, древний, доисторический, назван в честь, картина, современное искусство, крепость, тюрьма, вороны, легенда, готический стиль, ступени, минутная стрелка, колонна, герцог.

2) Find in the text and put the words in the correct order.

1) gallery, open, the, days, admission, free, a week, is, and, is.

2) London, very, building, Tower, is, a, old, the, of.

3) flying, when, is, on, top, she, at home, the, flag, the, is.

3) True or False

1) Victoria and Albert Museum ( V&A ) is named after Queen Victoria.

2) George II gave the royal library to the museum in 1757.

3) National Gallery has a collection of Italian and Dutch pictures.

5) Buckingham Palace is the London home of the Prime Minister.

6) Ben is the name of the huge clock in one of the tall towers of

Buckingham Palace.

7) The legend says that without the ravens the Tower will fall.

8) People are not allowed to get inside the Tower.

9) Nelson's Column is named after the Duke of Wellington.

10) The Duke of Wellington led the army at the battle of Waterloo in 1815.

Exchanges of Russia

There are different types of exchanges all over the world. They are commodity exchanges, currency exchanges and stock exchanges. The first exchanges in Russia were commodity exchanges as the country is rich in natural resources. Besides at the end of the 80s there was a growing shortage of goods and raw materials and the centrally planned system collapsed. Currency exchanges have been operating in this country since 1989. Their task is to fix the official rates of exchange. In the course of the trading sessions freely-convertible currency is bought and sold for Russian roubles.

The first stock exchange, the Moscow International Stock Exchange, was established in 1990. Among its founders were the Ministry of Finance and a number of banks. The other stock exchange is the Moscow Central Stock Exchange which is closely connected with the Commodity Exchange and the regional stock exchanges. Stock exchanges regulate the circulation of shares issued by joint stock companies. All these types of exchanges help Russia improve its financial system during its transition to a market economy.

Making a contract

Contract as a document

A contract is the most accepted form of formal document confirming the decision of the contracting parties to carry out mutual business obligations. The major contract clauses include articles on legal titles of the parties, subject of the contract, quality and quantity of the goods, terms of inspection, delivery and payment, requirements for parking and marking, claims and arbitration and other articles.

Enquiry

Dear Sirs,

We were greatly impressed by the samples of your goods which we saw on display at the exhibition last November. We were very interested in establishing contract with you and feel that we shall be able to do successful business provided your terms and conditions are acceptable for us. Please let us have your catalogues and latest price-lists quoting your best terms and prices. We are looking forward to hearing from you.