Professional sea English language

What dangers may threaten the ship's safety?

What book should a navigator consult to avoid dangers?

Why is navigation especially dangerous in the North?

Why is the ice in bays more dangerous than in the open sea?

What do we call ice formations attached to the shore?

Where is fost ice found?

What makes sometimes the navigator change the ship's course in the Northern seas?

When is it especially recommended to keep a sharp look out?

Exercise 2.Find the corresponding English equivalents in the text

могут столкнуться

угрожать безопасности судна

следует избегать

как правило

описываются в лоциях

следует тщательно консультироваться

из-за льда

сплошной лёд

менять курс и скорость

PART 2

Exercise 3. Listen to SMCP on navigational warnings and repeat them. Learn them by heart. Record your own voice. Replay the original and your own version

There is a dangerous wreck in position ... (marked by ... showing ...)	Опасное затонувшее судно в точке ... (ограждено ... показывающим)
There is a dangerous rock in position (marked by ... showing ...)	Опасная скала в точке ... (ограждено ... показывающим)
There is a dangerous shoal in position (marked by ... showing...)	Опасная мель в точке ... (ограждено ,.. показывающим)
There is a drifting mine reported in position	По сообщению, дрейфующая мина в точке...
There is a gas leakage (from fractured pipeline) in position	Наблюдается утечка газа (из трубопровода) в точке ...
There is a slick of oil in position (extending)	Нефтяное пятно в точке .. (простирается)
There are pipelaying operations in position	Проводятся работы по прокладке трубопровода в ...
There are cablelaying operations in position	Проводятся работы по прокладке кабеля в ...
There are salvage operations in position	Проводятся спасательные работы в ...
There are oil clearance operations in position	Проводятся операции по очистке нефти в ...
There are tankers transferring... in position	Танкеры, передающие... находятся в точке...
There are current metres moored in position	Измерители скорости течения установлены на якорь в точке ...
There are oceanographic instruments moored in position ...	Океанографические приборы установлены на якорь в точке ...
There is a derelict adrift in position ... (at ... hours)	Покинутое судно дрейфует в точке ... (в ... часов)
There is a vessel with a difficult tow on passage from .. to ...	Судно, занятое сложной буксировкой, находится на переходе из ... в ...
There is a drilling rig ... (name) established in position ...	Буровая платформа установлена в точке
There is an off-shore installation... (name) established in position	Морское сооружение... установлено в точке...
There is a ... buoy in position ... unlit	В точке ... находится несветящийся буй
There is another mark in position ... unlit	В точке ... находится другой несветящийся знак ...
There is a ... buoy in position ... off station	В точке ... находится смещенный со своего штатного места буй
There is another mark in position ... off station	В точке ... находится смещенный со своего штатного места другой знак
There is a ... buoy (showing ...) established in position ...	Буй (показывающий) установлен на штатном месте в точке ...
"here is another mark (showing ...) estab-shed in position ...	Другой знак (показывающий ...) установлен на штатном месте в точке ...
'here is a ... light in position ... now howing	Огонь ... в точке ... сейчас показывает
'here is a ... buoy in position ... now howing	Буй ... в точке ... сейчас показывает
"here is another mark in position ... now howing	Другой знак ... в точке ... сейчас показывает
There is a vessel carrying out hydrographic ;urvey in position	Судно производит гидрографические исследования в точке ...
There is a vessel carrying out seismic survey in area	Судно производит сейсмические исследования в районе ...
Abnormally low tides expected in ... at... lours	Необычно низкие отливы ожидаются в ... в ... часов
Abnormally low tides expected in ... around... hours	Необычно низкие отливы ожидаются в ... около ... часов
Vessels must keep clear of area indicated	Суда должны проходить в стороне от указанного района
Vessels are advised to keep clear of this area	Судам рекомендуется проходить в стороне от этого района
Vessels must navigate with caution	Суда должны идти с осторожностью
There is a vessel not under command in position	В районе находится судно, лишенное возможности управляться
There is hampered vessel in position	В точке ... находится судно, ограниченное в возможности маневрировать
Radio beacon service ... has been discontinued	Радиомаяк ... прекратил работу
Advise you keep clear of sea area... search and rescue in operation	Советую Вам держаться в стороне от морского района ..., где проводится операция по поиску и спасению
Route ... has been suspended	Путь ... временно закрыт
Traffic lane ... has been suspended	Полоса движения ... временно закрыта
Route ... has been discontinued	Путь ... отменен
Traffic lane ... has been discontinued	Полоса движения ... отменена
Route has been diverted	Путь ... изменен
Traffic lane ... has been diverted	Полоса движения ... изменена

Exercise 4. Match the words from the left column with the words from the right column

1. range scale 2. to suspend 3. identification 4. a slick of oil 5. pipelaying operations 6. off station 7. oil clearance operations 8. gas leakage 9. hampered vessel lO.hydrographic surveys 11 .current metres 12.seismic surveys 13.abnormally low tides 14.on passage from... to... 15oceanographic instrument 16.traffic lane 17 to discontinue 18. radar contact 19. salvage operations 20. cablelaying operations	a. гидрографические исследования b. операции по очистке нефти c. работы по прокладке трубопровода d. спасательные операции e. шкала дистанций f. измерители скорости течения g. сейсмические исследования п. необычно низкие отливы i. на переходе от... до... j. радиолокационный контакт к. океанографические приборы 1. опознавание т. отменить п. операции по укладке кабеля о. нефтяное пятно р. смещенный со штатного места q. временно закрыть г. утечка газа s. судно, ограниченное в возможносп маневрировать t. полоса движения

Exercise J. Listen to the SMCP again and fill in the gaps using appropriate terms

There is a	dangerous	.... in position... (marked by... showing...)
There is a	dangerous rock....	(markedby... showing...)
There is ..		.... in position (marked by... showing...)
		.... reported in position...
There is ,		.... (from fractured pipeline) in position
There is a		in position(extending)
There are		operations in position
There are		operations in position

There are salvage
	. operations in position
	.. moored in position
There are oceanographic	moored in position...
There is a	adrift in position... (at... hours)
There is a vessel with a	on passage from... to...
There isa	(name) established in position...
There is an off-shore	(name) established in position
There is a... buoy in position...
There is another	in position...unlit
There is a... buoy in position...
There is mark in position... off station
There is a... buoy (showing...) .	in position...
There is another mark (	) established in position...
There isa	in position... now showing
There is	in position... now showing
There is a vessel carrying out .	in position
There is a vessel carrying out..
Abnormally low tides	in... at... hours
Abnormally low tides expected	in hours
	area indicated
Vessels
Vessels must navigate
There is a vessel	in position
There is	vessel in position
Radio beacon service	discontinued
Advise you keep clear of sea area in operation
Route... has been
Traffic has been suspended
has been discontinued
Route diverted
Traffic lane... has been

PARTS

Exercise 6. Listen to SMCP on dangers to navigation, warnings and assistance and learn them by heart. Record your own voice. Replay the original and your own version

You are running into danger	Вы идёте к опасности
Shallow water ahead of you.	Впереди Вас мель.
Submerged wreck ahead of you.	Впереди Вас скрытое под водой затонувшее судно.
Risk of collision imminent.	Имеется риск столкновения.
Fog bank ahead of you.	Впереди полоса тумана.
Bridge will not open.	Мост не будет открыт.
Dangerous obstruction reported at...	Сообщается об опасном препятствии в
Unknown objects) in position ...	Неопознанный объект (объекты) находится (находятся) в точке ...
Floating ice in position...	Дрейфующий лёд находится в районе
(considered hazardous to navigation).	(представляющий опасность для навигации).
Mine(s) reported in position...	По сообщению, в точке ... замечена мина (мины).
Navigation is closed (prohibited) in area...	Судоходство закрыто/запрещено в районе ...
There has been a collision in position...	В точке ... произошло столкновение ...
Stand by to give assistance.	Будьте готовы оказать помощь.
It is dangerous to ...	Опасно...
Stop	Останавливаться
Remain in present position	Оставаться на прежнем месте
Alter course to starboard	Изменять курс вправо
Alter course to port	Изменять курс влево
Approach close to my vessel	Приближаться вплотную к моему судну
Vessel... is aground... in position...	Судно ... на мели в точке ...
Vessel... is on fire in position...	Пожар на судне ... в точке...
Large vessel leaving.	Отходит большое судно.
Keep clear of approach channel.	Держитесь в стороне от подходного канала.
Go to Emergency anchorage.	Следуйте на аварийную/запасную якорную стоянку.
Your navigation lights are not visible.	Ваши ходовые огни не видны.
You are running aground.	Вы идёте на мель.
Keep clear. I am jettisoning dangerous cargo.	Держитесь в стороне. Я сбрасываю опасный груз.
Vessel is leaking inflammable cargo in position...	Судно в точке ... имеет утечку воспламеняющегося груза.
Vessel is leaking noxious cargo in position...	Судно в точке... имеет утечку вредного груза.
Vessel is leaking poisonous cargo in position...	Судно в точке,.. имеет утечку ядовитого груза.
I have a long tow.	У меня длинный буксир.
You are crossing my nets.	Вы идёте на мои сети.
You are heading towards my tow/a towing line.	Вы идёте прямо на буксируемый объект/буксирный трос.
You are heading towards towing line.	Вы идёте прямо на буксирный трос.
I need help...	Я нуждаюсь в помощи...
I am sinking.	Я тону.
I will make a lee for... your vessel the boat the raft	Я прикрою от ветра... Ваше судно шлюпку плот
I cannot send a boat.	Я не могу выслать шлюпку.
I cannot send a raft.	Я не могу выслать плот.
I will attempt rescue by Breeches buoy.	Я попытаюсь использовать спасательную беседку.
Is it safe to fire a rocket? It is safe to fire a rocket. It is not safe to fire a rocket.	Безопасно ли будет выстрелить ракету? Выстрелить ракету неопасно. Выстрелить ракету небезопасно.
Take command on search and rescue.	Примите командирование поиском и спасением.
Vessel... is in command of search and rescue.	Судно ... руководит поиском и спасением.
I am in command of search and rescue.	Я руковожу поиском и спасением.
Assistance is no longer required.	Помощь больше не нужна.
You may proceed.	Вы можете следовать дальше.
You must keep radio silence in this area unless you have messages about the casualty.	Вы должны соблюдать радиомолчание в этом районе, если только у Вас нет сообщения о несчастном случае.

Exercise 7. Match the words from the left column with the words from the right column

1. ahead of you	а. подходной канал
2. reported	b. вредный груз
3. hazardous to navigation	с. аварийная якорная стоянка
4. remain	d. держаться в стороне от...
5. approach channel	е. идти прямо на...
6. keep clear	f. дрейфующий лед
7. noxious cargo	g. Я руковожу поиском и
	спасением
8. make a lee	h. препятствие
9. to head towards	i. сообщается
10. in the living spaces	j. воспламеняющийся груз
11.1 am in command of searh and rescue	к. прикрыть от ветра
12. to keep radio silence	1. видимые огни
13.1 am sending you a boat	т. в жилых помещениях
14. large vessel leaving	п. оставайтесь
15.1 am aground 16. Emergency Anchorage 17. floating ice 18. obstruction 19. inflammable cargo 20. visible lights	о. опасно для навигации p. Я высылаю Вам шлюпку q. Я на мели, г. соблюдать радиосвязь s. отходит большое судно t впереди

Exercise 8. Listen to the SMCP again and fill in the gaps using appropriate terms

You are running into danger
ahead of you.
ahead of you.
Risk of collision
ahead of you.
Bridge will not open.
	renorted at...
Unknown objects) in position ...
in position...
(considered	to navigation).
Mine(s) reported in position...
Navigation is closed (	)inarea...
There has been a	in position...
It is dangerous to ...
Remain in present position
Alter course to
Approach	to my vessel
Vessel... is	in position...
Large vessel leaving.
Your navigation lights are not
You are running aground.
Keep clear. I am jettisoning dangerous cargo.
Vessel is leaking noxious cargo in position...
I have a long tow.
You are heading towards towing line.
I need help...
1 am sinking.
I am on fire.
I in collision.
I am aground.
I am on fire... in the engine-room in the hold in the cargo tanks in the accommodation in the living spaces
I have lost a man (at...).
Help with
What is your position?
What assistance is required?
I require ... a lifeboat a helicopter medical assistance fire-fighting assistance atug tugs
I am coming to your
I expect to you at... hours.
Please, send a boat.
Please, send a
lam sending a to you.
Make a lee for my vessel.
Make a lee for the boat.
Make a lee for the raft.
your vessel the boat the raft
I cannot send a boat.
I cannot send a raft.
1 will attempt rescue by Breeches buoy.
Is it safe a rocket? It is safe to fire a rocket. It is not safe to fire a rocket.
Take command on search and rescue.
Vessel... is in command of search and rescue.
I am in command of search and rescue.
You must keep radio silence in this area unless you have messages

Exercise 9. Read and translate the following extracts from the English Pilot-Books.

Check your translation by finding the corresponding points in Russian. Mind terms in italics

1. Off-lying dangers. - An approach	а) Песок Р. на юго-западной стороне
to S. isles from south-westward or	канала простирается на полторы
westward requires caution in hazy	мили юго-восточнее песков В., и
or thick weather on account of the	большая часть осыхает, от 2-х до 4-
rocky ledges extending in those di-	х футов (0,6м до 1,2м). Группа пло-
rections, the principle of these are	ских скал С, которые ссыхают на 2
Nan-deeps, about 2 miles west-	фута (0,6м), лежит на северной
north-westward of A., C. rocks, B.	кромке песка Р., которая подверже-
rock and C.B. ridge, and the vari-	на перемещению и изменению фор-
ous ledges extending north-	мы во время плохой погоды.
westward from P. head at the
south-western extremity of the is-
lands. P. bank, with a least depth of
13 fathoms (23m8) over it, lies
nearly 3 miles southward of B.
rock; the overfalls make it danger-
ous to open boats in rough weather.
(hazy - туманный; ledge -риф,
гряда камней; ridge гребень,
подводная гряда; overfall - бы-
стрина)
2. Hats, a group of rocky shoals	Ь) Побережье между М. и мысом В.
north-eastward of I. islet, cover a	окаймлено надводными и подвод-
large area, with depths of less than	ными скалами на расстоянии полу-
3 fathoms (5m5) over it, with sev-	мили от берега. Эти скалы приглу-
eral heads having depths of from 3	бые.
to 6 feet (0m9 to lm8) over them; a
boiler, which dries 2 feet (0m6) lies
close within the south-eastern cor-
ner of these shoals; the approach to
С bar lies between the south-
western end of these shoals and the
foul ground extending from I.
(boiler - котел; to dry ~ ссыхать)
3. Off-lying banks. - Cape C. Bank, about 6 /2 miles north-westward of	с) Отмель с глубиной 17 футов (5м2)
	лежит около 1,25 кабельтова к вос-
Cape C, is a rocky ridge with a	току от мыса С. Между мысом С. и
least known depth of 12 fathoms	мысом В., около 2-х миль на северо-
(2 lm9) over it near its southern extremity. As the sea breaks heavily in bad weather on Cape C. bank and B. shoal, particularly during north-westerly gales their locality should be avoided at such times, especially by small and heavily laden vessels, (to break heavily -образовывать буруны) 4. Between В. Т. and В. Head, 33/4 miles south-eastward, is a succession of dark, rugged cliffs rising abruptly to an elevation of 400 feet (121m9); thence the coast trends about one mile northward to the entrance to S harbour; it maintains the same elevation, with but few trees and is intersected by deep ravines, but it rises less abruptly than westward of the head. (succession - последовательность; rugged неровный; to intersect - пересекать; ravine -ущелье, овраг) 5. Submarine cables. - Submarine cables cross the harbour from a position close to S. situated 3V4 cables north-eastward of A. point. Vessels should not anchor in the vicinity of these cables, the positions of which are indicated by wavy lines on the chart. (In the vicinity of- поблизости, в районе (чего-либо) L	восток имеются несколько отдельно лежащих участков земли с глубинами от 7 до 18 футов (от 2,1м до 5,5м), лежащих в пределах одного кабельтова к берегу. d) Банка С, отмель из мелких ракушек и гравия, простирается на 3,5 мили на северо-восток от положения око ло 6 кабельтовых северо-восточнее маяка СР., вплотную к её южному концу имеются глубины от 7 и 11 футов (2,1м и 3,4м), а в других час тях имеются глубины от 11 до 30 футов (3,4м до 9,1м), а иногда и глубже. Банка заканчивается у севе ро-восточного конца в песчаной от мели почти в полумилю длиной, с наименьшей глубиной 15 футов (4,6м). В штормовую погоду море образует буруны на всех участках банки С, особенно на юго-западном конце, при сильных восточных вет рах нет укрытия между отмелью и берегом, т.к. неспокойное море про стирается к берегу. e) Удалённые от берега опасности. - Подход к островкам С. с юго-запада и запада требует осторожности в туманную погоду из-за скалистой гряды камней, простирающихся в тех направлениях, основными из них являются: Напдипс, около 2-х милей на запад - северо-запад от А., С, скала В., и подводная гряда С, В и различные рифы, простирающие ся на северо-запад от мыса Р. у юго- западной оконечности островов. Банка Р. с наименьшей глубиной 13 саженей (23,8м) находится почти в
6. S. bank, a shoal of pulverized shell and fine gravel, extends for about 3V2 miles north-eastward from a position about 6 cables northeastward of S.P. lighthouse; close to its southern end there are depths of 7 and 11 feet (2ml and 3m4), and on other parts there are 11 to 30 feet (3m4 to 9ml), with occasionally greater depths. The bank terminates at the northeastern end in a sandy shoal nearly one mile in length, with a least depth of 15 feet (4m6). In boisterous weather the sea breaks heavily on all parts ofS. bank, especially on the south-western end; with strong easterly winds there is no shelter between the shoal and the land, the broken water extending to the coast. (broken water - неспокойное море, close to -- близко, вплотную к, to terminate ~ кончать (ся), boisterous - бурный, неистовый) 7. A shoal, with a depth of 17 feet (5m2) over it, lies about 1V4 cables eastward of S head. Between S. Head and W. Point about 2 miles north-eastward there are several de tached patches, with depths of from 7 to 18 feet (2ml to 5m5) over them lying within one cable to the coast, (detached - отдельно лежащая мель) 8. The coast between M. and B. head	3-х милях к югу от скалы В., быстрины создают опасность для судов в штормовую погоду. f) Хэтс, группа скалистых отмелей северо-восточнее островка И., за нимает большую площадь с глуби нами меньше, чем 3 сажени (5,5м) с несколькими мысами, на глубинах от 3 до 6 футов (0,9м до 1,8м); ко тел, который осыхает на 2 фута (0,6м) находится рядом, в юго- восточном углу этих отмелей. Под ход к бару С. находится между юго- западным концом этих отмелей и плохо держащим грунтом, прости рающимся от И. g) Удаленные от берега банки. - Банка С. около 6,5 миль к северо-западу от мыса С. - это скалистая подводная гряда с наименьшей известной глу биной 12 саженей (21,9м) возле её южной оконечности. Т.к. море об разует буруны в плохую погоду на мысе банки С. и отмели В., особен но во время северо-западных вет ров, эту местность в такое время следует обходить, особенно малень ким и тяжело груженым судам. h) Между В.Г. и мысом В. 3,75 мили
is fringed by above-water and sunken rocks for as much as half a mile offshore. These rocks are steep-to. (steep-to - приглубый; to fringe - окаймлять) 9. P. sand, on the south-western side of the channel, extends lV2 miles south-eastward from W. sand, and the greater part dries from 2 to 4 feet (0m6 to lm2). C. ledge, a group of flat rocks which dry 2 feet (0m6), lies on the northern edge of P. sand, about half a mile eastward of the northern extremity of The Warren. There is small bank off the south-eastern end of P. sand which is liable to shift its position and change its shape during bad weather.	на юго-восток имеется ряд темных, неровных утёсов, поднимающихся резко на высоту 400 футов (121,9м), откуда берег направляется на расстоянии 1 мили на север к входу в гавань С, он сохраняет ту же высоту с небольшим количеством деревьев и пересекается глубокими оврагами, но поднимается не так резко, чем к западу от мыса. i) Подводные кабели. - Подводные кабели пересекают гавань от места рядом с С, расположенного в 3,75 кабельтовых на северо-восток от мыса А. Судам не следует становиться на якорь в районе этих кабелей, местонахождение которых обозначено волнистыми линиями на карте.

Exercise 10. Read the text and say what useful information you have got

Dangers. - Spur reef extends nearly a mile south-south-westward of Middle island. The western side, on which the sea always breaks, dries 3 feet (0m9); the eastern side was, in 1891, marked by a wreck. Foul ground extends one mile southward and 172 miles south-eastward from the reef.

There are numerous shoal patches scattered about the northern end of the lagoon, within 2 miles of East island, with depths of from lV2 to 372 fathoms (2m7 to 6m4) over them. The position of which can best be seen on the chart. (To scatter - разбрасывать)

Parry patch, with depths of 2l/4 fathoms (4ml) over it, at the entrance to Rambler bay, lies nearly 2V2 miles north-north-eastward of Marianne point. Elder rock, with a depth of 5 feet (lm5) over it, lies about 2 miles east-northeastward of Marianne point. A 3-fathom (5m5) coral patch lies 7 cables south-westward of Elder rock. About 13 cables north-eastward of Marianne point is a patch with depths of 4 fathoms (7m3) over it. About 4 cables west-north-westward of this patch is another with depths of 3 fathom (18m3) line, in the open part of the lagoon northward of those just mentioned, but ail have a greater depth than 5 fathoms (9ml) over them.

Minni-Minni patch, with a depth of 17 feet (5m2) over it, lies 872 cables north-westward of the mined settlement at Minni-Minni. The lagoon southward of Minm-Mmm patch is studded with dangers; but vessels can proceed to within 3 miles of its southern end by keeping a careful look-out from aloft, and of buoying the intricate parts. (To stud - усеивать, усыпать; intricate сложный, запутанный; aloft- наверху,нареях)

Dangers. ~ Bank du Vaudreuil lies maidway between the north-eastern side of Nosi Ovi and the northern shore of Rafaralahi bay between Sangajira point and Anorontsangana. This bank is broken in the centre by a passage with depths of from 5 to 8 fathoms (9ml to 14m6); there are some rocks awash on the southern part of the bank, and depths of less than 3 feet (0m9) over the northern part.

A detached, 2l/2 - fathom (4m6), coral patch lies 23/4 miles north-westward; a rock with a depth of less than 6 feet (lm8) over it, lies about a mile northward; and some drying patches of reef lie about 2 miles north-north-eastward of Lavalohalika point. A 4-fathom (7m3) bank lies in the middle of the entrance to the bay, about 21/2 miles south-south-westward of the Custom house (Lat 13°55'S, Long. 47°56'E).

Coast. - Outlying shoals. - Dangers.- From abreast Maromoni point the outer reef which is of the nature of a submerged barrier reef, and is a continuation of that which begins near Nosi Kivinji off the north-western side of the Am-bavatobi peninsula, continued south-westward, from 10 to 15 miles offshore as far as Bali bay, a distance of 156 miles, or, including the portion northward of Maromoni point (Lat. 14°40'S, Long. 47°28'E), about 230 miles. (Peninsula - полуостров)

h) As soundings on this outer reef have been chiefly taken not with the object of finding the shallowest spots on it, but to discover the best passages through, it is not improbable that depths shallower than any charted may be found in many places; consequently, whatever a vessel's draught, it is always best to cross the outer reef by one of the passages indicated, as they have been examined with some exactness. (Spot - место; improbable ~ невероятный, неправдоподобный; consequently ~ поэтому, в результате)

i) From Mahajamba bay westward, the principal known shoals on the outer reef, as well as the passes, are all named. The least known depth is 2 fathoms (3m7) but there are very numerous patches with depths of from 3 to 41/2 fathoms (5m5 to 8m2) over them. On Thetis bank, off Cape Tanjjona the coral appears to be still living, and the bottom very irregular; elsewhere the bottom is regular, the coral being dead and almost always covered with sand of seaweed. (Seaweed - морская водоросль)

j) Dangers. - A 43/4 - fathom (8m7) bank lies about 11 miles north-north-westward and another similar patch about 9 miles north-westward of Maro-moni point. These banks are of coral and lie near the western edge of the outer reef.

k) Diamond bank lies about 7 miles westward of Maromoni point (Lat. 14°40'S, Long. 47°28'E), and 4 miles offshore. There are many heads on this shoal, the least depth being 15 feet (4m6). All these dangers lie on the outer reef.

1) Westward of Diamond bank there are several 4V4 - fathom (7m8) patches on the outer reef. A bank, with depths of 374 and 4V4 fathoms (5m9 and 8m2) over it, lies about 8 miles south-westward of Maromoni point and three-quarters of a mile offshore, and a 4V2 - fathom (8m2) patch lies about 5l/2 miles north-north-eastward of Marolahi point and l3/4 miles offshore. A reef extends at about 7 cables westward of Marolahi point with depth of 4 fathoms (7m3) over the extremity.

m) A reef, with depths of 2 fathoms (3m7) or less over it, extends 2 cables northward from Mys Fel'kerzama, the northern extremity of the peninsula; it merges into a sand rocky ledge, from 2 to 3 cables wide, with depths of from 3 to 4V4 fathoms (5m5 to 7m8) over it, extending west-north-westward to the western shore of the bay. A black spar buoy, surmounted by a black broom, point up, is moored about 3 cables west-north-westward of the extremity of Mys Fel'kerzama. (To merge - сливаться)

n) Between Mys Mydela and Mys Filisova, a promontory 237 feet (72m2) high, about 11/2 miles north-eastward, the coast is generally high and indented by several bights, with low shores, which are frequently marshy. There is a fishing station about half a mile south-westward of Mys Filisova. (Promontory мыс; to indent - зазубривать; bight бухта; frequently часто; marshy -болотистый)

UNIT 8. ANCHORAGES

Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words orally and learn them by heart

Anchorage - якорное место, якорная стоянка

Temporary anchorage - временная якорная стоянка

Permanent anchorage - постоянная якорная стоянка

Emergency anchorage - запасная якорная стоянка

Safe anchorage - безопасная якорная стоянка

Fair anchorage - хорошая якорная стоянка

Excellent anchorage - отличная якорная стоянка

Exposed anchorage - открытая якорная стоянка

Sheltered anchorage - защищенная якорная стоянка

Special anchorage - якорная стоянка специального назначения

Man-of-war anchorage - якорная стоянка для военных кораблей

Quarantine anchorage - карантинная якорная стоянка

Prohibited anchorage -- запрещённая якорная стоянка Р*" Sufficient - достаточный

Р»- То afford - предоставить

^ То obtain - получить

w Deep draught - большая осадка

Р* Shelter - укрытие, убежище

fr Protection - защита

Р8" Heavy weather - штормовая погода

Р* Local knowledge - знание местных условий плавания

W Cable area - растой прокладки кабеля

Р" Prevailing - преобладающий

Р*- Landmark ~ береговой ориентир

Р»- Bottom - грунт

Р5* Fine sand- мелкий песок

F" Coarse sand- крупный песок

Р5- Shingle - галька

Р^ Pebbles - крупная галька

Р* Mud - ил

Р^ 0oz? - жидкий ил

Р5' Clay глина

Р^ Shells - ракушки

Р=" Stone - камень

Р*" Gravel - гравий

Р" Foul ground - плоходержащий грунт

W Good holding ground-- хорошо держащий грунт

Р" 7Ь avoid - избегать

Exercise 1. Scan the text and decide whether the statements below are true (+) or false (-).

Ships may have to anchor at sea when necessary. They may anchor at places where the depths are sufficient.

Anchorages in depths of from 2 m may be afforded by small crafts. Anchorages in depths of not less than 7,5 m can be obtained by vessels of deep draught.

Anchorages may be of different kinds. There are temporary, permanent, emergency anchorages; they may be safe, excellent, fair, sheltered or exposed to winds.

There are usual or special-purpose anchorages such as: the man-of-war or quarantine anchorages.

Temporary anchorages are taken by the ships when they need some shelter or protection to avoid heavy weather for a short time.

Permanent anchorages are usually outside or inside the port, when the ships have to wait for a vacant berth, or a pilot, or a tug.

In cable areas anchorage is prohibited and ships should not anchor there.

Some anchorages can be found only by vessels with local knowledge.

Before anchoring the captain of a ship must have full information as to the depths, character of bottom, prevailing winds. He must also know bearings from anchorage to some landmarks. All this information is given in a Pilot book.

Bottom at anchorages may be: fine or coarse sand, mud, clay shells, stone, coral, etc. Foul ground should be avoided.

Are these statements true (+) or false (-)?

Anchorages in depths of from 3 m may be afforded by vessels of deep draught. ( )

Ships may anchor near some port waiting for a pilot or a tug. ( )

Ships should not anchor where the depths are sufficient. ()

Permanent anchorages are sometimes outside the ports when the ships have to wait for a vacant berth. ()

All anchorages can be found only by vessels with local knowledge. ()

Ships may anchor at places where the cable runs. ()

After anchoring the Master of a ship must have full information concerning depths, character of bottom, prevailing winds. ( )

Foul ground should be avoided by vessels. ()

Exercise 2. Read and translate extracts from the English Pilot books. Check your translation by finding the corresponding Russian translation

1. Anchorages. The best sheltered anchorage for small vessels, during the Bora season, is either in K. or in В.; in southerly winds, they can moor in D., but the best berth is in M, where are bollards on both sides, and a quay.	1. Якорная стоянка. - Хорошая якорная стоянка может быть получена судами со знанием местных условий на глубинах от 2 % до 7 саженей 9от 5 м до 12,8м) приблизительно от 3,5 до 5 кабельтовых к югу от
2. Prohibited Anchorage. Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of the submarine cables southward of the Railway wharf. Anchorage can be obtained off the city of A. Port authorities will indicate where to anchor. 3. Anchorage. - Fair anchorage may be obtained by vessels with local knowledge, in depths of from 2 3A to 7 fathoms (5m0 to 12m8), from about 3 lA to 5 cables southward of Q. hill but with easterly or southerly winds a heavy swell may be experienced. 4. Large vessels can anchor in depths of from 5 V2 to 19 fathoms (10ml to 34m7), mud or sand, good holding ground off the north-eastern side of С harbour; south westerly winds, however, cause a heavy sea. There are no dangers beyond the distance of one cable offshore. 5. The inner anchorage lies within the en trance. A vessel of deep draught should anchor northward of the Q. mark on Fort W., and secure her stern to a buoy. This anchorage is sheltered from northerly winds. This anchorage is dangerous with northerly winds. 6. Anchorage. Temporary anchorage can be obtained south-westward of M., in a depth of 20ml, sand and good holding ground.	холма Q., но при восточных или южных ветрах может быть сильное волнение. 2. Якорное место. В К., в южной части острова, есть хорошее якорное место для малых судов при знании местных условий плавания и с осадкой до 12 футов (3,7м). Надводная скала высотой 3 фута (0.9м) распо ложена на О. почти в полумиле к NE и А. и около 1 кб от берега. Эта якорная стоянка предоставляет хо рошее укрытие. 3. Поблизости скалы высотой 2 фу та (0,6м) около 13А кабельтовых на юг от маяка на мысе У. есть укрытие, где можно осуществить высадку на берег. Якорная стоянка имеет много места для маневрирования (разворачивания). 4. Район, запрещённый для якорной стоянки. Якорная стоянка запреще на в районе пролегания подводных кабелей южнее железнодорожного пирса. Можно стать на якорь мори стее города А. Портовая админист рация укажет место стоянки. 5. Якорные места. Наиболее за щищенное якорное место для малых судов в сезон боры - либо в К., либо в Б.; при южных ветрах суда могут швартоваться в Д., но самое лучшее причальное место в М., где по обе стороны имеются швартовные тум бы, а также причал. 6. Внутренняя якорная стоянка на ходится в пределах входа. Судно с большой осадкой должно становить ся на якорь севернее знака Q. на
7. Outer anchorage. Vessels may find anchorage, in depths of from 7m3 to 18m3, mud, westward of the head of the westward breakwater (Lat. 11°07'N., Long. 74°51'W.), but the holding ground is not very good. 8. In the vicinity of a rock 2 feet (0m6) high about 1 % cables southward of the light-tower on Y. cape, there is a certain amount of shelter where landing can be effected. There is much room to swing at the anchorage. 9. Anchorage. There is good anchorage for small vessels with local knowledge, drawing up to 12 feet (3m7), in. K., in the southern side of the island. An above- water rock, 3 feet (0m9) high, is situated in 0. nearly half a mile north-eastward of A. and about one cable offshore. This an chorage affords a good shelter.	форте В. и крепиться кормой к бую. Эта якорная стоянка защищена от северных ветров. Эта якорная стоянка опасна при северных ветрах. 7. Большие суда могут стать на якорь на глубинах от 5,5 до 19 саже ней (от 10м до 34,7м). Грунт, ил или песок, хорошо держащий, мористее северо-восточной стороны гавани С, юго-западные ветры, однако, вызы вают шторм на море. На расстоянии одного кабельтова от берега опасно стей нет. 8. Якорное место. Можно времен но стать на якорь к S W от М. на глубине 20,1 м в 3 кб от берега. Грунт - песок, якоря держит хо рошо. 9. Внешнее якорное место. Суда могут стать на якорь западнее оконечности западного волнолома (11°07^., 74°5Г W). Глубины 7,3 - 18,3 м, грунт - ил, якоря держит не очень хорошо.

Exercise 3. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions

Where is anchorage prohibited? Where may vessels obtain anchorages? (2)

What is the best anchorage for small vessels during the Bora season? Is this anchorage sheltered or not? (1)

For what vessels is this anchorage? Is the anchorage in the north-western or southern side of the island? Are there any dangers in the vicinity of the anchorage?

Where should vessels of deep draught anchor? When is this anchorage dangerous? (5)

What is there in the vicinity of a rock? Where can landing be effected? (8)

Where can large vessels anchor? What are the depths at the anchorage? Are there any dangers at that anchorage? (4)

Is the holding ground good or bad at the anchorage? What is the depth there? (6)

What is the character of bottom at the anchorage? What are the depths westward of the head of the western breakwater? (7)

What vessels should anchor northward of the Q.? Is this anchorage sheltered from winds? (5)

Exercise 4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions

становиться на якорь

получить якорную стоянку

суда с большой осадкой

со знанием местных условий плавания

штормовая погода

район прокладки кабеля

предоставить

убежище, укрытие

постоянная якорная стоянка

временная якорная стоянка

аварийная якорная стоянка

открытая якорная стоянка

безопасная якорная стоянка

относительно характера грунта

преобладающие ветры

береговой ориентир

пеленг

достаточные глубины

плохо держащий грунт

избегать, обходить

запрещать

Exercise 5. Read and translate extracts from Pilot Books into your native language

Large vessels anchor in 7 to 10 fathoms, sand, and mud, with le Pouleins light in line with Garean Tower and Pointe de Tailleger, 290°, and le Gres Rocher, 175°. Small vessels anchor close in. This position is well sheltered from South and SW winds but with strong north-westerly or south-easterly winds there is a very heavy sea.

The bay affords excellent shelter from north-westerly winds, which prevail in summer, but it is insecure in winter, when winds from opposite directions prevail. A good anchorage is in 6 fathoms, mud, between the villages of Es-carabote and Exteiro.

Vessels are recommended to anchor about a mile from the north shore of the bay, in depths of from 6 to 12 fathoms, the bottom being generally mud, mixed with sand near the shore, and a good berth is about half a mile southeastward of Ouaiha Hana; in 4 to 5 fathoms.

Because of the foul ground in Alum Bay, only yachts and small vessels anchor there. The best position is about 400 yards westward of the ruins of a pier, which extend from the eastern shore, with the junction of the white and coloured cliffs bearing about 120° and Albert Fort in range with Hatherwood Point, bearing 39°. A depth of 18 do 21 feet (5.5 to 6.4) will be found in this position.

When merchant vessels are directed to anchor in Strokes Bay they shall anchor to westward of the beacons showing the western end of the measured distance, and as close to the shore as their draft will safely permit.

Anchorage may be obtained during easterly winds off Klauf, in a depth of 14 fathoms, rock, sand, and stones, with the summit of Daldjall in line with the western extremity of the coast southward of it, bearing about 355е, and the eastern extremity of Hellisey in line with the west side of Sudwey, bearing about 207°.

Anchorage may be obtained, by vessels with local knowledge westward of Arnesseyjar, with the northern extremity of that islet bearing about 85°, and Armes Church, in the southwestern corner of the bay, bearing about 202 °.

Vessels can moor in certain assigned positions outside the breakwaters. These anchorage berths are shown on the charts by capital letter followed by a numeral the largest vessels may anchor within the breakwaters, sheltered from all winds. Vessels may ride safely to a single anchor with a good scope of cable out.

Anchorage may be obtained in depth of from 7 to 10 fathoms (12m8 to 18m3) between Port Louis citadel and St. Michel island, but care must be taken to keep clear of the channel. Large vessels secure to No. 1 mooring buoy northward of the citadel, which is moored in a depth of 31 feet (9m4).

The quarantine anchorage is in depths of 12 fathoms (21m9) coarse sand and coral, southward of a line joining P. mountain and Fort W., with light-buoy bearing about 075", distant 6 cables; two small black buoys for the use of the quarantine guard boat are moored between the anchorage and B. point the north-western extremity of B. island. Vessels in quarantine are, however, allowed to enter the harbour in order to coal in smooth water.

In general, the holding ground in Exmouth gulf is good, the fine brown sand having almost the consistency of mud.

Anchorage becomes considerably less exposed towards the southern part, and little or no swell is experienced south of Learmonth, about 8 miles north north-north-westward of Point Lefroy. For shallow draught vessels, good anchorage may be had northward of Point Leffroy, which also provides the best landing, but it is about 9 miles by road from the nearest habitation.

12. During the north-eastern monsoon there is anchorage eastward of the sand
ridge which extends southward from Tanjong Doengoe, in depth of from 6 to
8 fathoms (1 lm0 to 14m6) about 2 miles off-shore. In the south-east monsoon
there is good anchorage westward of Tanjong Senna, in depth of from 11 to

14 fathoms (20ml to 25m6), mud; the bay on the western side of this point is foul, and must not be entered farther than the alignment of the southern extremity of Boean with Tanjong Senna bearing about 079°.

Vettekulla, about V/i miles west-north-westward of ortholmen light-structure affords anchorage to small vessels with local knowledge, in a depth of 10 feet (3m0), sand. There is a small pier, with a depth of \VA feet (3m5) alongside. The anchorage is approached from the inshore channel leading from Karl-shamn to Metvik.

Prohibited anchorage. Submarine cables cross the river near the Resident house and are marked by two pairs of leading beacons. Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of these cables.

There is a convenient anchorage for vessels with local knowledge in a depth of 8 fathoms (14m6), hard sand, with Hoog Island bearing 215° distant about one mile; also about half a mile eastward of this islet in a depth of about 11 fathoms (20ml). Care must be taken, however to avoid the reefs in this locality.

The anchorage space, in from 7 to 9 fathoms (12.8 to 16.5m) is about 800 yards in extent; the bottom is of sand, and the holding ground is good, but better near St. Mary's Island than to the eastward. Vessels should not anchor on the Ridge situated 1000 yards eastward of Tolls Island, nor on the ground immediately to the southward of it, as the bottom is rocky and uneven.

Exercise 6. Decipher the following abbreviations from English Sea Charts Quality of bottom:

G.Co.Oz.

S.Cy.M.

StP.G.

bk.St.Sh.Sn.

S.fSh.

Exercise 7. Translate from Russian into English

Эта якорная стоянка защищена от северных ветров.

Лучшее якорное место в заливе находится на рейде к югу от порта.

Большие суда могут стать на якорь мористее города В., на глубинах 35.1.-42.5м.

Эта якорная стоянка опасна при северных ветрах.

Наиболее защищенное якорное место для малых судов - в С.

При знании местных условий плавания суда могут стать на якорь у входа в гавань.

Грунт на якорном месте - песок с ракушкой.

Якорная стоянка запрещена в районе прокладки подводных кабелей.

Суда могут стать на якорь западней южной оконечности острова Z.

10. Внутри гавани имеется якорное место, глубина которого 13м, грунт - песок.

UNIT 9. ANCHORING

PART I. Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words and word combinations orally. Learn them by heart

¦ To secure - крепить

fa To slacken (to reduce) speed- убавить (замедлить) скорость

fa To grease - смазывать

^ To remove - удалять, снимать

fa To drag тянуть, тащить, волочить

fa To allocate назначить, определить

fa Embankment - набережная

fa 7b te/ go - отдать (якорь, конец)

fa To provide обеспечить

fa Provided- (зд.) при условии

fa Current - постоянное течение

fa Gale - шторм, штормовой ветер

fa To sheer - отклоняться

^ Sufficient - достаточный

fa Scope of chain - длина вытравленной якорной цепи

fa To obstruct - мешать, находиться на пути

fa Unobstructed- беспрепятственный, свободный

fa Good-holding ground - хорошо держащий грунт

fa Hawse pipe - клюз, якорная труба

fa To afford- (зд.) давать, предоставлять

fa To house - помещать, размещать

fa To sound- замерять глубины

fa Soundings - замеры глубин

fa Bearing пеленг

fa To take a bearing on - брать пеленг на что-либо

fa Restricted waters - стеснённые воды

fa To determine - определять

fa To pay out (away) - травить, вытравливать

fa To post - выставлять

fa To post a lookout - выставить вперёдсмотрящего

fa In dependence (of) - в зависимости от

fa Shackles - смычки (якорь-цепи)

fa Adverse weather - неблагоприятная погода

fa Low tensile - слаборастяжимый

fa Hinging parts - соединительные части

fa Bandbrake - ленточный тормоз

fa Hawse ргре-closing plates- крышка якорной трубы

fa Windlass - брашпиль

Exercise 1. Scan the text and focus on the equipment used for anchoring and its main Junction. Enumerate them:

Anchoring

Ships may anchor inside or outside the harbour. Before anchoring it is necessary to slacken speed.

When the vessel is approaching the anchorage or her designated berth, the anchor has been thoroughly checked and prepared: windlass and hinging parts have been greased, bandbrakes tested, hawse pipe-closing plates removed, etc.

In order to avoid any unexpected situations, it is customary to prepare both starboard and port anchors for letting go.

Bad holding ground, such as sand and shells, will cause the anchor to drag.

Therefore information about holding ground must be looked up in the pilot book or chart prior to letting go anchors.

When a river berth has been allocated by the VTS Station or port authority, it will sometimes be necessary to "dredge anchor" in order to make a sharp turn towards the embankment

Letting go a single anchor is the simplest method of securing a ship to the bottom. If the holding ground is good she should rise easily in bad weather provided sufficient scope of chain is used.

But in a strong current or in a gale a vessel may sheer considerably. Therefore it is necessary to have an unobstructed area equal to a circle whose radius is the length of the ship plus the scope of chain used. If for some reason, the anchorage doesn't afford such an area, the ship must be moored.

In modern ships the anchors are housed in the Hawse pipe and secured by chain stoppers. The anchors may be required unexpectedly when on soundings, in narrow channels in restricted waters or working around docks, etc. The Master or the Watch Officer must determine how much of chain is to be paid out in each case.

The length of chain that is put out is indicated by the number of shackles (1 shackle equals 15 fathoms). Safe anchoring implies that a length of chain equal to the depth of water plus two shackles must be used.

More shackles must be put in the water:

when the water is very deep (more than 25 fathoms)

in adverse weather

when barges are passing close to the vessel

when the anchor chain has a low tensile strength

when the anchor chain is leading ahead

When the anchor is holding, the anchor lights must be switched on and the anchor ball is hoisted.

A vessel in dependence of her length shall carry one or two white lights visible all round the horizon, one at the foremast stay and the other at the stern.

The anchor position must be checked by bearings at regular intervals. When the vessel is at anchor at night one or more men should be posted on anchor watch.

Exercise 2. Describe the main steps of anchoring in brief using the following expressions

inside or outside the harbour

to slacken (to reduce) speed

to approach

to check and prepare

both starboard and port anchors

to let go

to provide

sufficient scope of chain

to sheer considerably

unobstructed area

to require unexpectedly

to determine

to pay out

length of chain

number of shackles

anchor lights

to take bearings

Exercise 3

Study the text "Anchoring" and then indicate whether the following examples of "good seamanship " are appropriate (appr.) or not appropriate (not appr.) for the situation.	Fill in: ApprJ Notcqypr.
1. Look up holding-ground information when the vessel is underway to her anchorage or designated berth.
2. Check windlass because vessel is in ballasted condition.
3. Put more lengths of chain in the water because tide is rising.
4. Check windlass when the vessel is underway to her anchorage or designated berth.
5. Put more lengths of chain in the water when chain is leading ahead.
6. Test handbrake because chain is leading ahead.
7. Remove hawse-pipe closing plate when weather conditions are deteriorating.
8 Remove hawse-pipe closing plate when the vessel is underway to ber anchorage or designated berth.
9. Put more lengths of chain in the water because weather conditions are deteriorating.
10. Look up holding-ground information when strength of chain is not according to recommendations.
11. Look up holding-ground information because traffic is very busy.
12. Grease anchor-gear hinging parts because chain is leading ahead.
13, Put more lengths of chain in the water because traffic is very busy.
14. Prepare both anchors when the vessel is in ballasted condition.

Exercise 4. Find out what the following words mean as they appear in the text *nd learn them by heart

Adverse weather
Allocate
Anchor gear
Anchorage
Approach
Avoid
Berth
Bower anchor
Cast off
Current
Designated berth
Dragging
Dredging anchor
Embankment
Engineroom orders
Equal
Equipped with
Grease
Hawse pipe
Hawser
Holding ground
Indicate
Prepare

Exercise 5. Answer the questions and work in pairs

Where may ships anchor?

Should a vessel reduce her speed when anchoring?

May the ships ride to one anchor only?

What is the simplest method of securing a ship to the bottom? What should be provided in this case?

Why is it necessary to have unobstructed area of the anchorage?

Where are anchors housed in modem ships?

When may anchors be required?

Who is to determine how much of chain should be paid out?

What length of chain is usually sufficient?

10. What information should be entered into the Log Book? By whom?

11. What lights shall a vessel carry when at anchor?

Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with suitable words or word combinations:
1. Ships may anchor inside or the harbour.

To bring the ship to anchor, it is necessary

Ships may ride to one or to anchors.

It is necessary to have area at the anchorage.

The anchors may be required , in

6. must determine how much of chain is to be paid out.

A length of chain equal to the depth of water plus is sufficient.

Bad holding ground such as will cause the anchor to drag.

Information concerning holding ground is given in .

If the anchorage can't afford an unobstructed area the ship must be .

A vessel at anchor shall carry or two lights visible all round

the horizon.

12. must be checked by bearings at regular intervals.

PART 2

Exercise 7. Read the commands after the speaker. Learn them by heart. Record your own voice. Replay the original and your own version

Anchoring	Операции с якорем
Going to anchor	Подход к якорной стоянке (постановка на якорь)
Stand by port/starboard/both anchors) for let go.	Приготовить левый/ правый/ оба якоря к отдаче

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