Professional sea English language

Port/starboard/both anchors) standing by for let go.

Левый/правый/оба якоря гото вы к отдаче

Walk out anchors)

Припустить якорь(-я)!

Anchors) walked out.

Якорь(-я) приспущен(-ы).

We are going to an anchorage.

Мы следуем на якорное место.

We will let go port/starboard/both anchors)

Мы будем отдавать левый/ правый/ оба якоря.

Put,.. shackles in water.

Вытравить ... смычок в воду!

Put,.. shackles in pipe

Вытравить ... смычек в клюз!

Put... shackles on deck

Вытравить ... смычек на палубу

Walk back port/starboard/both anchors) one/one and a half shackle(s)

Подобрать левый/правый/оба яко-ря на одну/полторы смычку (-и)!

We will let go port/starboard/both anchors) ... shackle(s) and dredge it/them

Мы отдадим левьва/правый/оба якоря на ... смычку(-и) и протащим его (их) по грунту.

Let go port/starboard/both anchor(s)

Отдать левый/правый/оба якоря!

Port/starboard/both anchor(s) is/are let

Левый/правый/оба якоря отданы.

Pay out cable(s)

Травить якорную цепь(-и)!

Check the cable(s)

Задержать цепь(-и) (канат(-ы))!

Hold on port/starboard/both cable(s)

Задержать левыйУггоавый/оба канат(-а)!

How is cable leading?

Куда смотрит якорная цепь?

Cable(s) leading ahead/astern/to port/to starboard/round the bow up and down

Якорная цепь(-и) смотрит(-ят) по носу / по корме / влево / вправо / вокруг носа / вертикально.

Is/are anchor(s) holding?

Держит ли якорь(-я)?

Yes, anchors) holding.

Да, якорь(-я) держит(-ат).

No, anchor(s) not holding.

Нет, якорь(-я) не держит(-ат).

Are you brought up?

Вышли на якорь?

Yes, brought up in position ...

Да, мы вышли на якорь в точке

No, not brought up (yet).

Нет, мы не вышли на якорь.

Switch on anchor light(s).

Включить якорные огни!

Anchor light(s) switched on.

Якорный огонь(-и) включен(-ы).

Hoist anchor ball

Поднять якорный шар!

Anchor ball hoisted

Якорный шар поднят.

Check anchor position by bearings

Проверьте положение судна по пеленгам.

Check anchor position by ...

Проверьте положение судна по ...

Anchor position bearing ... degrees, distance ... kilometres/nautical miles

Положение судна ... градусов, расстояние ... километров/морских миль.

Check anchor position every ... minutes

Проверяйте положение судна каждые ... минут.

Leaving the anchorage

Снятие с якоря

How much cable is out?

Сколько вытравлено якорной цепи?

... shackles out

Смьгчка(-ек) вытравлена(-ы)

Stand by for heaving up

Приготовиться к подъёму якоря!

Standing by for heaving up

Готовы к подъёму якоря

Put windlass in gear

Сообщить брашпиль!

Windlass put in gear

Брашпиль сообщён

How is cable leading?

Куда смотрит якорная цепь?

Cable(s) leading ahead / astern / to port / to star board / round the bow / up and down

Якорная цепь(-и) смотрит(-ят) по носу/по корме/влево/вправо/ вокруг штевня/вертикально.

Heave up port/starboard/both cable(s)

Выбирать якорную цепь левую/правую/обе !

Heaving up port/starboard/both cablets)

Выбираем якорную цепь(-и) левую/правую/обе

How much weight is on cable?

Какова нагрузка на якорную цепь?

Much weight on cable

Нагрузка на якорную цепь большая.

Too much weight on cable

Нагрузка на якорную цепь сильно большая.

No weight on cable

Якорная цепь - без нагрузки

Stop heaving

Стоп выбирать якорь-цепь!

How many shackles are left (to come in)?

Сколько смычек осталось (выбрать)?

..shackles left (to come in)

... смычек осталось (выбрать)

Attention! Turn in cable(s)

Внимание! Якорная цепь(-и) пере-кручена(-ы)

Anchor(s) aweigh/clear off Bottom

Якорь(-я) подорван/оторван от грунта

Cable(s) clear

Якорная цепь свободна

Anchor(s) clear of water

Якорь(-я) вышел из воды

Anchor(s) home

Якорь(-я) на месте

Anchor(s) foul

Якорь(-я) нечистые

Anchors) secured

Якорь(-я) закреплен(-ы)

Vocabulary and reading. Practise these words and word combinations orally and learn them by heart

P>- Appropriate - соответствующий f*' To permit - позволять fc" To remain - оставаться fa" Readily identifiable - легко опознаваемые $* To ensure - обеспечить $* To observe ~ наблюдать, следить за чем-либо ?** То notify - уведомлять Ф* То undertake - предпринимать, брать на себя ^ Necessary measures - необходимые меры

Р*- То drag anchor - тащить, тянуть якорь (якорь потерял сцепление с грунтом)

&** Readiness - готовность

?*- То deteriorate - ухудшать (ся), портить (ся)

Ф* Applicable regulations - применимые правила

Я* То protect - защитить

^ Environment окружающая среда

fa Pollution - загрязнение

^ То comply - подчиняться

Exercise 8. Read the check list B-8 from "Bridge Procedure Guide"; memorize and try to retell it. Work in pairs:

While at anchor, Officer of the watch should:

Determine and plot the ship's position on the appropriate chart as soon as practicable

When circumstances permit, check at sufficiently frequent intervals whether the ship is remaining securely at anchor by taking bearings of fixed navigation marks or readily identifiable shore objects.

Ensure that proper look-out is maintained

Ensure that inspection rounds of the ship are made periodically.

Observe meteorological and tidal conditions and the state of the sea.

Notify the master and undertake all necessary measures if the ship dregs anchor.

Ensure that the state of readiness of the main engines and other machinery is in accordance with the master's instructions.

If visibility deteriorates, notify the master

Ensure that the ship exhibits the appropriate lights and shapes and that appropriate sound signals are made in accordance with all applicable regulations.

Take measures to protect the environment from pollution by the ship and comply with applicable pollution regulation.

PART3

Exercise 9. Listening comprehension

Listen to the following 1MO Standard Marine Communication phrases and learn them by heart. Record your own voice. Replay the original and your own version

(The following phrases should normally be preceded by Message Markers "INSTRUCTION**, "ADVICE", "INFORMATION", "QUESTION", "ANSWER")	(Перед данными фразами обычно следует ставить слова-указатели ИНСТРУКЦИЯ, СОВЕТ, ИНФОРМАЦИЯ, ВОПРОС, ОТВЕТ)
You must anchor at... UTC.	Вы должны стать на якорь в ... итс.
You must anchor until pilot arrives.	Вы должны стать на якорь до прихода лоцмана.
Do not anchor in position...	He становитесь на якорь в точке ...
Anchoring prohibited.	Якорная стоянка запрещена.
Do not dredge anchor.	Не протаскивайте якорь по грунту.
You must heave up anchor.	Вы должны выбрать якорь.
You must anchor in a different position.	Вы должны стать на якорь в другом месте.
You must anchor clear of fairway.	Вы должны стать на якорь в стороне от фарватера.
Advise you have your crew on stand by for weighing anchor when pilot embarks.	Советую Вам держать команду наготове, чтобы сняться с якоря, как только лоцман поднимется на борт.
You have permission to anchor at... TJTC.	Вам разрешено стать на якорь в ... UTC.
You have permission to anchor in position ...	Вам разрешено стать на якорь в точке ...
You have permission to anchor until pilot arrives.	Вам разрешено стоять на якоре до прихода лоцмана.
You have permission to anchor until tugs arrive.	Вам разрешено стоять на якоре до прихода буксиров.
You have permission to anchor until sufficient water.	Вам разрешено стоять на якоре в ожидании достаточного уровня воды.
MV ... at anchor in position ...	Теплоход ... стоит на якоре в точке
You are obstructing fairway.	Вы загромождаете фарватер.
You are obstructing over traffic.	Вы затрудняете движение судов.
You are at anchor in wrong position.	Вы стоите на якоре не на том месте.
Are you dragging anchor?	Ползёт ли Ваш якорь?
Yes, I am dragging anchor.	Да, мой якорь ползёт.
No, I'm not dragging anchor.	Нет, мой якорь не ползёт.
Are you dredging anchor?	Протаскиваете ли Вы Ваш якорь?
Yes, I'm dredging anchor.	Да, я протаскиваю якорь.
No, I'm not dredging anchor.	Нет, я не протаскиваю якорь.

Vocabulary and listening

Practice these words orally and learn them by heart. Listen to the dialogues

5** Outer roadstead- внешний рейд

$* Sufficient - достаточный

r^ To allocate назначать, распределять

гЬ" Fathom - морская сажень (1, 82 м)

$* Patches of sand- небольшие участки песка

fc" To weigh anchor - сниматься с якоря, поднимать якорь

r^ To swing at anchor - разворачиваться на якоре

r^ To steer - держать курс на

Р" Landmark - береговой ориентир

\Ъ* То approach - приближаться

Ф* Shackles - смычки (якорной цепи)

?" То allot - предназначать

*R=" To bear - править (по курсу), держать курс

$* Ebb ~ отлив, отливное течение

Conversational practice Dialogues

Dialogue 1

Captain	How do you do, sir?
Pilot	How do you do. Pleased to meet you, sir. In an how we'll be nearing the port we are bound for.
Captain	Shall we anchor at the outer roadstead?
PQot	Yes, we'll have to wait for the tide, as it is ebb time now. The depths in the entrance to the port are not sufficient for the ship's draught.
Captain	All right, we'll do that/ What is the anchor position for me?
Pilot	Anchor position 178° half a mile off-shore is allocated to you.
Captain	What are the depths at the anchorage?
Pilot	The depths are about 19 fathoms; the anchorage is well sheltered from winds.
Captain	What is the nature of the bottom there?
Pilot	There is good holding ground: soft mud and patches of sand.
Captain	That's good. Is there enough room at the anchorage for swinging?
Pilot	Yes, there's plenty.
Captain	All right Shall we keep the present course?
Pilot	I advise you to alter course to 65 ° when abeam with No. 16 buoy; there is a shoal just ahead of you. So be careful while approaching the position allocated to you.
Captain	Thank you. I'll see to that.

Dialogue 2

Pilot	We are proceeding to the anchorage allocated to us. In half an hour weTl be there. It's time to notify the engine room and to get the anchors ready.
Captain	All right. Which anchor shall we drop?
Pilot	We'll use the starboard anchor.
Captain	How much of chain shall we need?
Pilot	I think four shackles will do.
Captain	What landmarks shall we have there for the anchorage?
Pilot	There is a conspicuous black tower on the coast, which should be kept on bearing 75 ° and the lighthouse at the port entrance which should bear 95°. You must steer for that tower till the port lighthouse opens to southward.
Captain	Well, but how shall we proceed then?
Pilot	Then we shall alter the course 45 °to starboard and steer to lighthouse till we are half a mile off-shore. That is our anchorage.
Captain	All right, that's clear. We are proceeding into the port. I have already given orders to stand by to weigh anchor.

Exercise 10. Video activity

Before watching the video programme "Anchoring" study the dialogue and be ready to watch the film

Synopsis:

The Master and the Chief Officer (C/O) are in the wheelhouse. Ibis ship is proceeding (at slow ahead) towards the anchorage. The forecastle party consists of the Chief Officer (C/O) and the Bosun.

Master	Mate, we are approaching the anchorage. Go forward with the bo'sun and prepare the port anchor for letting go. We will use five shackles in the water.
C/O	Yes, Captain. Go forward and prepare the port anchor to let go. We will use five shackles in the water.
Master	Yes. Walk the anchor back to just above the water and hold it on the brake.
C/O	Walk the anchor back to just above the water and hold it on the brake. Yes, Sir.
Master	Dead Slow ahead.
2/0 (to Master)	Dead slow ahead, Sir.
Master (to 2/0)	Stop engine.
2/0	Stop engine. Engine stopped, Sir.
Master (to 2/0)	Half astern.
2/0 (to Master)	Half astern.
Master (on radio)	"Arabiyah", Captain to Mate. Is the anchor ready for letting go?
C/O (on radio)	"Arabiyah", Mate to Captain. Port anchor ready for letting go. The anchor is just above the water.
Master	Second Mate, what is the sounding?
2/0	Sounding forty metres, Sir.
Master (on radio)	"Arabiyah", Captain to Mate. Let go port anchor.

UNIT 10. WEATHER

PART I

Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words orally, and then read the text

^ Humidity - влажность, сырость

Ф* Precipitation - (зд. метеор.) осадки

Ф* Pressure - давление

^ Scale - зд. шкала

^ Obsolete - устаревший

fl* Vapour ~ пар (ы), туман

fc* Moisture - влага, влажность

fa* Saturation - насыщенность (влажность воздуха)

^ Imminent - надвигающийся, близкий

(*" Drizzle - изморозь, мелкий дождь

^ #<елУ - град

^ S/eef - дождь со снегом, слякоть

te9" Merely - только, просто

^ Rotation - вращение

^ Hemisphere - полушарие

fa- Clockwise - по часовой стрелке

?" Forecast - прогноз погоды

Exercise L Read the text and learn the definitions for the meteorological elements mentioned:

Meteorological elements

Weather conditions have a great influence on the safety during a voyage and should always be taken into consideration in voyage-planning and when underway.

The state of the atmosphere is determined by various meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity; cloudiness and fog, forms of precipitation, barometric pressure, and speed and direction of wind. All these elements may be referred to as "the weather".

Temperature

Any change in temperature is significant in weather-forecasting.

When measuring temperatures three different scales can be used:

the scientifically used Kelvin-scale, also referred to as the absolute scale;

the commonly used Celsius-scale, which measures a temperature in centigrades; »- the obsolete Fahrenheit-scale.

Humidity

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapour in the air. Warm air is capable to contain a higher grade of moisture, or humidity, than cold air. The maximum amount of moisture that air can hold at a specific temperature is known as "saturation".

Most clouds are the result of a rising mass of cool air. When the temperature of air falls, water vapour in the air will condense into droplets or ice crystals, thus forming clouds or fog.

Cloudiness

Clouds very often indicate an imminent change of weather. Rising clouds is an indication that the weather is about to clear; lowering or thickening clouds will indicate precipitation.

Fog

Fog is a cloud that touches the ground. Dense fog will reduce visibility considerably and is referred to as "thick weather".

Precipitation

Precipitation is formed when the droplets or ice crystals in clouds have become sufficiently large to fall to the ground. Precipitation may take a variety of forms, for example rain, snow, drizzle, hail or sleet.

Wind

Wind is the most important factor that determines the condition of the weather. Wind is merely an amount of air that moves in a horizontal motion over the earth from an area of high barometric pressure towards an area of low barometric pressure.

Falling barometric pressure generally indicates that a gale or storm is approaching; rising pressure indicates the approach or continuation of fair weather.

An area of low pressure is called a cyclone. A high-pressure area is an anticyclone.

Because of the rotation of the earth, the circulations of winds in the northern hemisphere tend to be clockwise around areas of high pressure, and anti-clockwise around low-pressure areas.

In the southern hemisphere the directions of circulation are the opposite.

Wind is always named after the direction it is coming from, not blowing in.

Its force is indicated by the Beaufort-scale numbers. These numbers, ranging from zero to force 12, refer to the wind-speed measured in nautical miles per hour.

For the navigator the wind direction and force are the most important aspects of meteorological conditions that are forecast in weather reports by weather stations.

Information must always include an increase or decrease in force and any change in wind-direction. A change of direction is usually indicated by the terms "veering" and "backing".

A veering wind changes in a clockwise direction. A backing wind changes in anti-clockwise direction.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

Why is the weather so important for mariners?

How can you measure the temperature? Do you know the difference between the scales mentioned above?

How does humidity depend on the temperature of the air?

How can you predict weather judging on the clouds?

What is the name for a cloud that touches the ground?

What kinds of precipitation do you know? What is the difference between them?

What is the influence of barometric pressure upon the weather-conditions?

Why is it so important to consider the place you are in while predicting the wind's movement?

How are the winds named?

10. How is the force of the wind measured?

. Exercise 3. Fill in the necessary word:

1. A change of in a clockwise direction is indicated by the word

"veering".

2. is announced by a lowering or thickening cloudiness.

A change in is the most significant aspect in weather forecasting.

Saturation refers to the maximum amount of in air at a specific

temperature.

5. Circulation of is anti-clockwise around low pressure areas in the

Northern Hemisphere.

An irnminent change of weather is often indicated by .

The amount of air that moves from one area to the other is referred to as

8. can be measured in three different scales.

9. is a result of a rising mass of cool air.

10. A decrease of of air will result in the forming of clouds or

11. speed is measured in nautical miles per hour.

The amount of water vapour that is in the air is referred to as .

When a cloud touches the ground we speak of .

14. is formed when droplets have become large enough to fall to the ground.

Exercise 4. Complete the chart:

Abbreviation	Direction	Movement	Adjective	Adjective (for winds)
S		Southward of
NE	Northeast
N				Northerly
W			Western
sw		Southwestward of
SE	Southeast
NW				Northwesterly
E			Eastern

Exercise 5. Listen to the recording

a) You are going to hear a conversation on the bridge of the MVElga during bad weather. What are the -weather conditions like? Choose from the list below:

gale tidal stream tropical storm snow

torrential rain floating ice high wind

poor visibility dust storm fog bank

b) Answer the questions (you may listen to the text again if necessary):

Why has the tanker issued a securite call?

How long would it take the MV Elga to reach the tanker's position in good weather conditions? What about the given situation?

Why do the Officers try to contact the Coastguard? What is wrong?

What is the problem with the MV Elga?

Can the MV Elga assist the tanker?

Exercise 6. Fill in the schemes



Exercise 7. Write a short report describing the weather conditions today. Try to mention all the meteorological elements you know. Are the conditions favourable for a sea voyage? Why?

РАНТ 2

Survey - обозрение, осмотр

tfc" Vicinity - окрестности, район

ffc" Broadcast - передавать по радио, вещать

^ Trough - ложбина низкого давления

te" Ridge - гребень повышенного атмосферного давления

$* Occlude - окклюдировать; преграждать

fa* Overcast сплошная облачность, пасмурно

рт* Thunderstorm - гроза

tb" Thunder - гром

^ Lightning - молния

fa* Gtf/e - шторм, ветер от 7 до 10 баллов

fc- Squall - шквал

1^ (dust) Haze - дымка,лёгкий туман

тЬ"Moderate - умеренный, средний

Exercise 8. Scan the text

Weather Forecast

A weather forecast for seafarers offers a survey of weather conditions that may be expected in certain places, sea areas and in vicinities of coastal stations within the next 24 hours. A weather forecast is broadcast in radio bulletins and should be monitored by the navigator and transferred to the Weather Forecast Information Sheet.

This Weather Forecast Information Sheet must be made available to all bridge-personnel and studied regularly and closely in order to determine short-range weather conditions and visibility.

The sheet consists of three parts:

in the "General Synopsis" information is given about barometric pressure, position and movement of a depression or anti-cyclone;

in me "Forecast for Sea Areas" information is given about wind, weather conditions and visibility. The presence of a gale is indicated by a "tick" in the column "gales";

in "Reports from Coastal Stations1' information is given about wind, weather conditions, visibility and atmospheric pressure.

Exercise 9. Learn the abbreviations used in Weather Forecasting by heart:

The abbreviations used in the General Synopsis are:

L = depression (low pressure area, also referred to as "cyclonic")

H = high pressure area (anti-cyclone)

T = trough of low pressure

R ~ ridge of high pressure

W - warm front

С = cold front

О = occluded front

The abbreviations used in the Forecast for Sea Areas and Reports from Coastal Stations are:

b - blue sky	m/f - mist followed by fog
с - cloudy	d-drizzle
pc - partly cloudy sky	tlr - thunderstorm (thunder,	lightning and rain)
о - overcast sky	h-hail
r-rain	В-gale
R - heavy rain	G - heavy gale
s - snow	q - squalls
r/s - rain followed by snow	Q - heavy squalls
rs - sleet	z - dust haze
m - mist	var. - winds variable
f-fog	CALM - wind force zero
F - heavy fog

A gale is indicated by a tick (V) in the column "gales". A slash (/) indicates a change. The use of a capital letter, for example F, or R - will indicate and intensification of that specific weather condition.

Visibility may be indicated by

p-poor

m -- moderate

g = good

vg - very good

The Barometric Pressure is indicated by

-- = steady

/ = rising or rising rapidly

\ = falling or falling rapidly

Exercise 10. Watch CD-ROM program "International Maritime English Programme'* (Weather). Pay particular attention to the way the weather forecast tables are completed

Exercise 11. Fill in the weather forecast tables: Forecast for Sea Areas

1. Thames: wind variable, becoming easterly, force three, partly cloudy sky, good visibility.

Sea area	Gales	Wind: Now/Later	Weather	Visibility

2. Biscay: wind westerly force six, increasing force eight to nine, heavy quails, moderate visibility.

Sea area	Gales	Wind: Now/Later	Weather	Visibility

3. Irish Sea: calm, wind increasing northwesterly force five, backing south-vesterly force three to four, rain followed by snow, poor visibility.

Sea area	Gales	Wind: Now/Later	Weather	Visibility

Reports from Coastal Stations:

1. St. Abb's Head: wind west force five, blue sky, three miles, nine hundred linety-two millibars, falling.

Coastal Station	Wind direction	Wind force	Weather	Visibility	Barometer	Tendency

2. Dowsing: calm, partly cloudy sky, twelve miles, a thousand and twenty two millibars, steady.

Coastal Station	Wind direction	Wind force	Weather	Visibility	Barometer	Tendency

3. Bristol: Wind south west force six, rain followed by thunderstorm, seven miles, nine hundred seventy-nine millibars, falling rapidly.

Coastal Station	Wind direction	Wind force	Weather	Visibility	Barometer	Tendency

Exercise 12. Listen to the recording* It is a sea area forecast for 17th April Complete the chart -with the information for each area.

Sea area	Gales	Wind: Now/Later	Weather	Visibility
Castle Rock	V	NW6/8	r	m
Newington
Viewforth
Abercorn
Ferrol
Minnow
Turtle Cove

Exercise IS. Read and learn the following Standard Marine. Communication Phrases (SMCP). Record your own voice. Replay the original and your own version

Meteorological Information (the following phrases should normally be preceded by Message Marker "INFORMATION", "WARNING"	Метеорологическая информация (перед следующими фразами обычно следует ставить слова-указатели ИНФОРМАЦИЯ, ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ)
Position of tropical storm ... (name) ,.., path... (compasspoints), speed of advance... knots	Местоположение тропического шторма ... (название), направление движения ... (компасные румбы), скорость продвижения ветра ... узлов.
Wind .direction ... (compasspoints), force Beaufort... in position...	Ветер направлением ... (компасные румбы), и силой ... баллов по шкале Бофорта в районе....
Wind backing and increasing/decreasing .	Ветер меняет направление против часовой стрелки и усиливается / ослабевает.
Wind veering and increasing / decreasing	Ветер меняет направление по часовой стрелке и усиливается / ослабевает.
Wind expected to increase in position ...to force Beaufort..; within next hours	Ожидается усиление ветра в районе ... до ... баллов по шкале Бофорта в течение ближайших часов.
Wind expected to decrease in position ... to force Beaufort... within-next hours	Ожидается ослабление ветра в ... до ... баллов по шкале Бофорта в течение ближайших часов.
Visibility in position ... metres/nautical miles	Видимость в точке ... составляет ... метров / морских миль.
Visibility reduced by mist/fog/snow/dust/rain/...	Видимость понижается из-за мороси / тумана / снега / пыли / дождя ....
Visibility expected to increase, to ... metres/nautical miles in position ... within next hours	Ожидается улучшение видимости до ... километров / морских миль в ... (точка, район) в течение ближайших ... часов.
Visibility expected to decrease to ... metres/nautical iftiles in position... within ... next hours	Ожидается ухудшение видимости до ... километров / морских миль в ... (точка, район) в течение ближайших ... часов.
Sea/swell in position,;.. metres from ... (compasspoints)	Высота волны / зыби в ... (точка, район) составляет ... метров от ... (компасные румбы).
Sea/swell expected to increase within next... hours	Ожидается увеличение волнения / зыби в течение следующих ... часов.
Sea/swell expected to decrease within next.., hours	Ожидается уменьшение волнения / зыби в течение следующих ... часов.
Icing expected/not expected to form in area around...	Обледенение ожидается / не ожидается в районе ....
Meteorological Questions and Answers	Вопросы и ответы по метеорологии
(The following phrases should normally be preceded by Message Markers «QUESTION» «ANSWER»)	(Перед данными фразами обычно следует ставить слова-указатели ВОПРОС, ОТВЕТ)
What is wind direction and force in your position/in position...	Каковы направление и сила ветра в Вашем месте / в районе ... ?
Wind direction... (compasspoints), force Beaufort... in my position/in position...	Направление ветра ... (компасные румбы), сила ветра ... баллов по шкале Бофорта в моём месте / в районе ....
Is wind backing/veering?	Меняет ли ветер направление против часовой стрелки / по часовой стрелке?
Wind backing/veering	Да, ветер меняет направление против часовой стрелки / по часовой стрелке.
What wind direction and force is expected in my position/in position ..,?	Какого направления и силы ожидается ветер в моём месте / в месте ...?
Wind in your position/in position ... expected from ... direction(s), force Beaufort...	В вашем месте / в районе ... ожидается ветер от ... (направление) силой... баллов по шкале Бофорта.
Wind in your position/in position ... expected variable.	Ветер в Вашем месте / в районе ... будет переменным.
Is wind expected to increase/decrease?	Ожидается ли усиление / ослабление ветра?
Wind expected to increase/decrease	Да, ожидается усиление / ослабление ветра.
What is your latest gale warning?	Какое Ваше последнее штормовое предупреждение?
My latest gale warning is as follows: Gale warning. Winds at ...UTC in area... (met.area) from direction... (compass points) and force Beaufort ... backing/veering to ... (compass points)	Моё последнее штормовое предупреждение: Штормовое преду1гоеждение. В ... UTC в районе ... (указать район) ожидается ветер от... (компасные румбы) и силой ... баллов по шкале Бофорта, изменение направления ветра против часовой стрелки / по часовой стрелке ... (по компасным румбам)
What is your latest tropical storm warning?	Какое Вы имеете последнее предупреждение о тропическом шторме?
My latest tropical storm warning is as follows: (Standard tropical storm warning)	Моё последнее предупреждение о тропическом шторме: (стандартное предупреждение о тропическом шторме).
Tropical storm warning at ...UTC. Hurricane... (name)/tropical cy-clone/torna-do/willy- willy/typhoon... (name) with central pressure of... millibars located in position.... Present movement... (compasspoints) at ...knots.Winds of... knots within radius of... kilometres/nautical miles of centre. Seas over... metres. Further information on VHP channel... / frequency ...	Предупреждение о тропическом шторме на ... UTC. Ураган ... (название) / тропический циклон / торнадо / вили-вилли / тайфун ... (название) с давлением в центре ... миллибар находится в точке .... В данный момент продвигается ... (компасные румбы) со скоростью ... узлов. Ветер со скоростью ... узлов наблюдается в радиусе ... километров/ морских миль от центра. Волнение более ... метров. Дальнейшую информацию можно получить на канале ... УКВ / частоте ....
What is atmospheric pressure in your position/in position ...?	Каково атмосферное давление в Вашем месте / в месте ...?
Atmospheric pressure ...millibars	Атмосферное давление ... миллибар.
What is barometric change in your position/in position...?	Какова барометрическая тенденция в Вашем месте / в месте ...?
Barometric change ... millibars per hour	Барометрическая тенденция составляет ... миллибар в час.
Barometric change is... millibars within last... hours	Барометрическая тенденция ... миллибар в течение последних ... часов.
Barometer steady	Барометр без изменений.
Barometer dropping (rapidly)	Барометр падает (быстро).
Barometer rising (rapidly)	Барометр растет (быстро).
What maximum winds are expected in storm area?	Какой максимальной силы ветер ожидается в районе шторма?
Maximum winds of... knots expected in storm area	В районе шторма ожидается ветер с максимальной скоростью ... узлов.
Maximum winds of... knots expected within radius of... kilometres/nautical miles of centre	В радиусе ... километров / морских миль от центра ожидается ветер с максимальной скоростью.
Maximum winds of.., knots expected in safe/dangerous semicircle	Ветер с максимальной скоростью ... узлов ожидается в безопасном / опасном полукруге....
What is sea state in your position/ in position...?	Каково состояние моря в Вашем месте / в месте ... ?
Height of sea/swell in my position/in position ... metres from... (compass points)	Высота волны / зыби в моем месте / в месте ... метров от... (компасные румбы).
Is sea state expected to change (within next hours)?	Ожидается ли изменение состояния моря (в течение ближайших часов)?
No, sea state not expected to change (within next hours)	Нет, не ожидается изменения состояния моря (в течение ближайших часов).
Yes.sea/sweli of... metres from ... (compass points) expected (within next hours)	Да, (в течение ближайших часов) ожидается волнение / зыбь ... метров от... (компасные румбы).
Tsunami/abnormal wave expected by .UTC	Цунами / необычно сильное волнение ожидается к... UTC.
What is visibility in position...?	Какова видимость в месте ... ?
Visibility in position kilo metres/nautical miles	Видимость в месте километров / морских миль.

The words that we use talking about the state of the sea

fc* wave - волна

^ calm (glassy) - зеркально-гладкая поверхность

fa calm (rippled) - слабое волнение, рябь, 1 балл

^ smooth (waveless) - умеренное волнение, 2 балла, 0,2-0,3 м

$*¦ slight - значительное волнение, 3 балла, 0,5-1,25 м

9> moderate -значительное волненение, 4 балла, 1,25-2,5 м

$*¦ rough ~ сильное волнение 5 баллов, 2,5-4,0 м

(Ь" very rough - сильное волнение 6 баллов, 4-6 м

Р*' high - очень сильное волнение, 7 баллов, 6-9 м

$* very high - очень сильное волнение, 8 баллов, 9-12 м

$*¦ phenomenal - исключительное волнение, 9 баллов, более 12 м

$* Sea less than 5fts - волнение менее 5 футов

fa* Heavy sea - сильное волнение

fa* Surge - крутое волнение

fa" Wavelent -- небольшая волна

ft* Hollow sea высокие крутые волны

fa" Surging sea (angry) - бурное море

^ Ground sea -прибой

UNIT 11. TIDES AND TIDAL STREAMS

PART I

Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words and learn them by heart

$* Tide - морской прилив и отлив ру Gravitational - гравитационный fcr Centrifugal центробежный fa" Springs - сизигия $* Cancel out - гасить, сводить на нет Р=" Neap - квадратура $* Chart datum - ноль глубин Р*" Average - средний

fa Highest high tide - самый высокий полный прилив $* Lowest low tide - самый низкий малый прилив Ф* Slack tide - стоячий прилив (отлив) $* Low Slack- малая стоячая вода ^ High Slack - полная стоячая вода ft* Semi-diurnal tide (SO) - полусуточный тфилив (отлив) ft* Mixed, mainly semi-diurnal tide (MSD) - смешанный полусуточный прилив (отлив)

ft* Mixed diurnal tide (MD) - смешанный суточный прилив (отлив)

ft* Diurnal tide (D) суточный прилив (отлив)

ft* Oscillation - колебание

ft* Declination -- склонение светила

Exercise 1. Read the text quickly and grasp the main gist of each (a, b, c, d) passages.

Tides

a) Tides are mainly created by the gravitational effect of the moon and the Sun on the earth.

The effect of the Sun's gravity on the tides is approximately half of that of the moon.

It is because the sun is at a far greater distance from the earth.

The centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the earth influence tides too.

Every other week, at new and full moon, when the sun and the moon are bom in line with the earth the two gravitational forces produce exceptionally strong tides which are called Spring-tides.

When the sun and the moon are at 90 degrees to each other at the first and third quarters of the moon, the pull of the sun will cancel out half of the moon's gravitational effect.

As a result of it, weak tides, called Neap tides are produced.

d) The tide has a rise and fall, i.e. a vertical motion.

Tides are measured from chart datum, and levels are always given at average heights.

Highest high tides and lowest low tides are called Spring tides.

Highest low tides and lowest high tides are called Neap tides.

e) When tide is turning we speak of Slack tide.

So, at Low Slack the tide is about to rise.

High Slack tide is especially important to the mariner, since it is the best tide to leave and proceed to open sea.

f) By "Range"is meant the average difference between 2 waterlevels. Range
can be of 3 types: a) neap range; b) mean range; c) spring range.

Types of Tides

Diurnal tide (D) - One complete tidal oscillation daily.

Mixed, diurnal tide (MD) - Usually, and certainly when the moon has low declination, there are two complete tidal oscillations daily.

Semi-diurnal tide (SD) - Two complete tidal oscillations daily, both high waters having similar heights as well as both low waters.

Mixed, semi-diurnal (MSD) - Two complete tidal oscillations daily with inequalities both in height and time reaching the greatest values when the declination of the moon has passed its maximum.

Fill in: a)

b) _

c)

d)

e)

f> )

Exercise 2. Read the text "Tides" attentively to answer the following questions:

What effect are tides mainly created by?

What are centrifugal forces caused by?

What forces produce exceptionally strong tides?

What are these tides called?

As a result of what are neap tides produced?

When do we speak of slack tides?

Why is high slack tide especially important to me mariner?

Exercise 3. Pick out false sentences out of those below and correct them.

The moon is at a nearer distance from the earth than the sun.

The sun is at a far greater distance from the moon than the earth.

The earth is at a far greater distance from the moon than the sun.

The effect of the moon's gravity on the tides is much weaker of that of the sun.

Spring tides occur when the sim and the moon are at 90 degrees to each other.

Neap tides are called weak tides.

The sun, the moon and the earth are in line every week.

Spring tides are produced at new and full moon.

At Low Slack the tide is about to fall.

At High Slack the tide is about to turn.

When the tide is turning we speak of Low Slack.

High Slack is the best tide to leave and proceed to open sea.

tk

~~4 Exercise 4. Watch the CD-ROM program"International Marir» time English Programme" (Tides. Lectures) and do the test

Exercise 5. Choose the correct variant of a, b, c, d

Tides are created by the ...

rotation of the earth;

gravitational effect of the moon on the earth;

effect of the sun's gravity;

gravitational effect of the moon and the sun on the earth.

Spring tides are produced by the ...

gravitational effect of the moon;

effect of the sun's gravity;

centrifugal forces;

two gravitational forces when the sun and the moon are both in line with the earth.

Neap tides are produced by the ...

gravitational effect of the moon;

pull of the sun;

gravitational effect of the sun and the moon at 90 degrees to each other;

centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the earth.

Slack tides will occur...

every other week;

when the sun and the moon are at 90 degrees to each other;

when the sun and the moon are both in line with the earth;

when the tide is turning.

At Low Slack water the tide is about...

to turn;

to rise;

to fall;

d) to be cancelled out

At High Slack water the tide is about...

to turn;

to rise;

to fall;

to be cancelled out.

By range is understood ...

two complete tidal oscillations;

inequalities both in height and time;

one complete tidal osdllation;

differences between high and low tides.

РАНТ 2

Tidal Streams and Currents

Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words and learn them by heart

fa* Standard port - основной порт (в предвычислении приливов)

fa* To predict ~ пред вычислять

fa" Tidal stream - приливо-отливное течение

fa" Rising tide - прилив

fa" Falling tide - отлив

fa* Rate (velocity) - скорость

fa* Set - сущ. направление, (гл. устанавливаться)

fa" Tide rip - рябь, толчея, сулой

fa" Ebb stream - отлив

fa" Flood stream - прилив

fa" High water - полная вода

fa" Low water - малая вода

fa" Eddy ~ водоворот

fa" Tide-guage - мореограф, приливомер

fa" Spring rate - скорость в сизигию

fa" Neap rate - скорость в квадратуру

fa-* Ripple - рябь, толчея, зыбь

fa" Race - быстрина, сулой

fa" Swirl - водоворот

fa" Surge - зыбь, накат волны

fa" Storm surge - штормовой нагон воды, штормовой ветер

fa" Under-keel-clearance - глубина под килем

fa" To affect - воздействовать, влиять

fa" Rectilinear - прямолинейный

fa" Gyre - вихрь, завихрение

Exercise 6. Read the text "Tidal streams and currents" quicldy and grasp the main gist of each (a, b, c, d) passages

Tidal Streams and Currents

Tidal Streams are horizontal movements of the water caused by the tides. They can be predicted for any period in the future.

The tidal streams in European waters are of the same type as the tides, i.e. they are semi-diurnal in character. They can be predicted by reference to a suitable Standard port by tables printed on the published charts.

In some other parts of the world daily predictions are necessary. These predictions will be found in Volumes 2 and 3 of Admiralty Tide Tables.

c) The duration and the rate of tidal streams depend on the depth of water, the con-

tour of the land, prevailing winds, tides and currents. A distinction is drawn between tidal streams and currents.

Tidal Streams are astronomical in origin. Currents are mainly of meteorological origin. Conditions that affect currents are the following: persistent strong winds, barometric pressure, positive and negative surges, storm surges. Strong winds may approach and even exceed the rate of the tidal streams. Strong currents during or after positive or negative surges may greatly increase tidal streams or cancel them out.

Negative surges are important to the Mariner as they result in reduced under-keel-clearance.

Tidal streams may affect currents and produce ripples, eddies, races, swirls,

rips, etc.

In practice the navigator experiences a combination of tidal stream and current.

Fill in a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Exercise 7. Read the text carefully to answer the following questions:

What causes tidal streams?

What type are the tidal streams in European waters?

What is meant by semi-diurnal?

What factors influence the duration and the rate of tidal streams?

What conditions affect currents?

How do strong currents affect tidal streams?

Why are negative surges important to the Mariner?

What period in the future can tidal streams be predicted for?

Exercise 8. Pick out false sentences out of those below and explain your decision

Tidal streams are caused by strong winds.

Tidal streams and currents are similar in origin.

The tidal streams in European waters are of the same type as the tides.

The rate of tidal streams does not depend on the contour of the land.

Strong wind may not exceed the rate of the tidal streams.

Ripples are produced by currents.

Positive surges result in reduced under-keel-clearance.

Exercise 9. Memorize the following abbreviations concerning tides and currents used on Metric Charts

HW	High Water	Полная вода
LW	Low Water	Малая вода
MTL	Mean Tide Level	Средний уровень прилива
MSL	Mean Sea Level	Средний уровень моря
Sp	Spring Tides	Сизигийньш прилив
Np	Neap Tides	Квадратурный прилив
MHWS	Mean High Water Springs	Средний уровень полных сизигийных вод
MHWN	Mean High Water Neaps	Средний уровень квадратурных вод
MHHW	Mean Higher High Water	Средний уровень высокой полной воды
MLHW	Mean Lower High Water	Средний уровень низкой полной воды
MLWS	Mean Low Water Springs	Средний уровень малых сизигийных вод
MLWN	Mean Low Water Neaps	Средний уровень малых квадратурных вод
MLLW	Mean Lower Low Water	Средний уровень низкой малой воды
MHLW	Mean Higher Low Water	Средний уровень высокой малой воды
HAT	Higher Astronomical Tide	Высокий астрономический прилив
LAT	Lower Astronomical Tide	Низкий астрономический прилив
Vel	Velocity	Скорость
kn	Knots	Узлы
Dir	Direction	Направление
Fathom Charts
H.W.F.& С	High Water Full and Change	Прикладной час порта для расчёта полной воды
L.W.F. & C.	Low Water Full and Change	Прикладной час порта для расчёта малой воды

Exercise 10. Match a word (1-7) with a word (a-g)

1.	dry	a) tide
2.	mean	b) season
3.	spring	c) direction
4.	high	d) rate
5.	tide	e) water
6.	rising	f) stream
7.	tidal	g) Ф

Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word Choose from these words: rate tide range current slack low sets water

There is only one high daily in S.

In the bay the flow is weak and is governed by rather than tidal

stream.

3. The flow sets SSW on the falling attaining a of 1 knot 3 hours

after local high water with a of tide of 1-2 m; it then turns anti-clockwise

without becoming and ESE at Va knot near water.

Exercise 12. Circle the odd-abbreviation-out (if any):

LAT, Q, MLLW, Sp, Vel

MHLW, B, LW Dir, MHWS

HW, MLHW, Kn, HAT, Np

MSL, MLWS, H.W.F. &C, MHWS, Lat

MHHW, Mid, LW, MWL, LLW

MTL, HWOS, LWOS, 1SLW, H.1

Exercise 13. Passage (a) describes "Tides and Tidal Streams" inLachDay and Song Ca. Read the passage and decide which of those opinions matches tides (T) and tidal streams (TS)

The rate of flow is often 2 or 3 knots. [ ]

From December to May, Song Ca is at its lowest. [ ]

The melting snow causes the river to rise rapidly. [ ]

The annual rise at Hanoi is from 4-9 to 6-lm.. [ ]

(a) Tides and tidal streams in Lach Day and Song Ca. The rate of flow in the lower reaches of the river system is often 2 or 3 knots, and the influence of the tidal stream on the flow is apparent up river almost as far as a Hanoi during the low-river season, and from the sea to about halfway to Hanoi during the hight high-river season.

From December to May, Song Ca is at its lowest, about May, the melting snow in Upper Tonkin and Yunnan causes the river to rise rapidly, frequently washing away the banks. The annual rise at Hanoi (21°02'N, 105°E) is from 4-9 to 6-lm.

Exercise 14. Answer those questions:

In what places of the river is the rate of flow often 3 or 2 knots?

What is the influence of the tidal stream on the flow?

When does the snow melt in Upper Tonkin and Yunnan?

What is frequently washed away?

What is the annual rise of tide at Hanoi?

Exercise 15. Passage (b) describes tidal streams at East Goodwin light-vessel Read the passage and decide which of those opinions matches the south-going stream. Tick (v) them.

It sometimes sets north-westward.

It is strong near high water.

It begins + 0530 Dover.

It has a spring rate of 3.2 knots.

Its mean direction is 016°.

It has a neap rate 1.8 knots.

It sets south-westward into the Gut.

Note: references preceded by a minus (-) sign are intervals before high water, those preceded by a plus (+) sign are intervals after high water.

(b) Tidal streams. - At east Goodwin light-vessel, the stream is nearly rectilinear; the north-going stream, spring rate 3-1 knots, neap rate 1-7 knots, mean direction 016° , begins - 0100 Dover; the south-going stream, spring rate 3-2 knots, neap rate 1-8 knots, mean direction 193°, begins + 0530 Dover.

It is said, though with doubtful authority, that, eastward of the sands, the north-going stream sometimes sets north-westward with considerable velocity. Observations of the stream obtained in recent years do not confirm the existence of this set; if, however, it occurs, it is strong near high water, when the sands are covered, and dangerous. Near the eastern side of the northern part of the sands the north-going stream probably sets north-eastward out of Kellett Gut, and the south-going stream sets south-westward into the Gut.

Exercise 16. Answer these questions:

Where is the stream nearly rectilinear?

Where does the north-going stream set north-westward?

With what velocity does it set?

Do observations confirm the existence of this set?

In what direction does the north-going stream set near the eastern side of the northern part of the sands?

What spring rate does the south-going stream have?

What mean direction does it have?

Exercise 17. Passage (c) describes currents of the South China Sea.

Read the passage and decide which of those opinions match the main current.

It is much more variable.

It is influenced mainly by the monsoon winds.

It flows on the W side of the region.

It is controlled largely by the positions of gyres.

It sets NE on the SW monsoon.

It has a high constancy.

It sets SW during the NE monsoon.

Currents of the South China Sea

The surface currents of the South China Sea are influenced mainly by the monsoon winds which control the flow of water into or from the Sum Sea, Java Sea and through Tai-wan Strait.

The main current flows on the W side of the region and sets SW during the NE monsoon (October to March) and NE on the SW monsoon (May to August), During the regime of either monsoon the appropriate current has a high constancy but some variations, and occasionally even reversals may occur with irregularities in the monsoon.

Over the E part of the area currents are much more variable being controlled largely by the positions of gyres which are common in the central part of the South China Sea in all seasons.

Exercise 18. Answer these questions:

What winds influence the surface currents of the South China Sea?

What do the monsoon winds control?

How long does the main current flow on the W side of the region?

In what direction does it set?

When may variations or reverals occur?

In what direction does the main current set from May to August?

What are currents over the E part of the area controlled by?

Exercise 19. Role Plays: VTS-station to all vessels in the vicinity of К City.

Tidal information Role A: P. Radio Role B: MV "Texas-QBFI".

P. Radio informs MV Texas-QBFI about the tides in the vicinity of H. City. MV "Texas-QBFI" answers that she has received this information.

I. A: MV "Texas-QBFI". This is P. Radio Inform: Tide setting in direction 020 degrees. Over.

B: (answer for the ship).

II. Make up your own dialogues between O. Radio and MV Peters using the following information.

Tide rising. It is 4 hours after high water.

Tide falling. It is 2 hours after high water.

Tide slack.

Current 3 knots in position H.

Charted depth decreased by 2 metres due to sea state.

Abnormally low tides expected in position H. at about 0945 UTC.

No sufficient depth of water in position H.

UNIT 12. DIRECTIONS

PART I

Vocabulary and reading

Practise these words and try to memorize them

&> Direction указание, наставление, направление

l^- To approach подходить, приближаться

fc" To guide руководствоваться

ffc* Heading - заголовок, название

P>- To avoid- избегать, обходить

fa To choose (chose, chosen) - выбирать

fa To proceed- следовать, идти

fa Conspicuous - приметный, хорошо видимый

fa Landmark - береговой ориентир

"R^ Summit - вершина

^ 5p/>e - шпиль

^ Chimney - труба

?** Fro/и seaward - со стороны моря

IV Го ?/7/?g /л /ше - привести в створ

^ Clear of dangers - на достаточном расстоянии от опасностей

fa Leading line - створная линия

fa Feasible - вероятный, возможный, осуществимый

Directions

When approaching some port, anchorage, entering or passing through narrow channels or canals the navigator should be guided by special instructions. These instructions are given in the form of recommendations. As a rule several courses are recommended for ships proceeding from different directions. They will help the ship to avoid dangers and choose the correct course.

Usually conspicuous landmarks are used to show the direction of approach to some place. These may be lighthouses, water towers, summits of mountains, lights on some constructions, spires of churches, chimneys and other conspicuous objects seen from seaward.

Two conspicuous objects brought in line from seaward may lead the ship clear of dangers into the port, roadstead, bay, anchorage, etc. This line is called a leading line.

Other recommendations are often given in directions. They may refer to the effect of wind, tidal streams, currents, character of bottom, etc.

Exercisel. Answer the following questions about the text

What is meant by directions?

In what form are they given?

Why are several courses recommended for ships?

What landmarks are used to show the direction of approach?

What line may lead the ship clear of dangers?

What is understood by a leading line?

What useful information may be found in Pilot Books under the heading 'Directions'?

Exercise 2. Explain what is understood by

a vessel from eastward; Fill in

a vessel bound for S.; Fill in

a vessel with local knowledge; Fill in

a vessel from westward; Fill in

an object seen from seaward; Fill in

a vessel without local knowledge; Fill in

a vessel from northward. Fill in

Exercise 3. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Choose them from the following list

clear of leads pass attempt if

bound be rounded with local knowledge be attempted

1. C. is let bearing 023° from seaward, between the dangers on either side.

2. Owing to the strength of the tidal streams navigation should only at

or near the time of slack water.

If for C. passage, S. islets should at not less than 2 cables.

Vessels with can enter between the islets.

No vessel should to enter without local knowledge.

Course may be altered to the NE the banks.

A vessel should not between Seven Stones and the light-vessel.

Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences with suitable information from the text 'Directions'. Mind modal verbs 'should', 'may1, 'must'where necessary

Two conspicuous objects brought in line from seaward __.

A ship passing through narrow channels by special instructions.

3. A vessel approaching some port two conspicuous objects in line

from seaward.

For ships proceeding from different directions several courses .

Conspicuous landmarks are used to show .

Exercise 5. Read the extracts from the Pilot Books

1. Passage (a) describes the route which was used by HMS Warrior in September 1954.

Read the passage and decide whether the following recommendations correspond to the Directions given in the passage. Correct the false recommendations

From a position 5 miles S. of Madge Bank steer to a position 19 miles N of Mui Ba Kiem.