Иностранный язык (английский язык)

Have I told you lately that I love you?

Have you forgotten? I've just told you about it.

He has no wife as he has never met the right person, but he hasn't given up hope ...

Since I've known you, you've always been a workaholic.

I hope we haven't made a mistake.

The weather has been terrible lately.

We've been in class since 10 o'clock this morning.

Jackie has been out of town for two days.

I've been to Europe many times. Have you?

Exercise 7. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. Bob and Jane are old friends. They (know) each other for a long time.

2. I don't like this weather. It (be) cold and cloudy for the last three days.

3. Paul (learn) a lot of English since he came here.

4. Victoria can go to bed now, she (finish) her homework.

5. My brother is at home in bed. He (be) sick for a week.

6. I (write, not) to my sister in a long time.

7. We never. (meet) Betty's parents.

8. He never (visit) Hong Kong, but he'd like to go there someday. 9. She already (call) them and (invite) them to dinner.

10. Where you (be) all this time? I am waiting for you.

11. I am afraid the boss is out. He (go) to the bank.

12. You ever (eat) any seafood?

13. My parents (be married) for twenty years.

14. I (tell) you this so many times before! Is it so difficult to understand it?

15. I am so happy that my wedding (come).

16. My little cousin already (learn) to read.

17. What a strange expression! I (hear, not) it for years.

18. Put on your red dress. You (wear, not) for so long!

19. Jack and Amalia are the only p~ople I ever (love).

20. We (hear, not) from them lately. No news (come) so far.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions.

1. Have you ever pretended to be ill to get off work or school?

2. Have you ever cheated in an exam?

Have you ever ridden a camel or an elephant?

Have you ever read your brother's, sister's or friend's letter which was lying around the house?

Have you ever hidden any of your earnings from the tax inspector?

Have you ever taken anything home with you from the hotel?

Have you ever travelled without a ticket on public transport?

Have you ever told lies and invented stories about yourself to impress other people?

Have you ever met any people who could speak Swahili?

Exercise 9. Ask as in the example.

Have you ever been to the jungle

1. sit on a cactus

2. meet a famous person

3. win money in a lottery

4. spend one whole day doing nothing

5. build sand castles

6. fly in a private plane

7. sleep in a tent.

8. find any money in the street

9. cut your own hair

10. catch a fish

11. lose the key to your house

12. write a poem

13. grow tomatoes and strawberries

Exercise 10. Fill in with since or for.

1. We haven't met them ... four years.

2. My parents have owned this house ... last year.

3. The children have been outside... early morning.

4. Jerry has had her driving license... a month.

5. I've been at the office ... ten o'clock.

6. David hasn't visited London ... half a year.

7. Tom has had his car ... he left school.

8. Mr. Parker has been with this company ... it was organized.

9. I haven't eaten such delicious food ... ages!

10. He hasn't had a cold ... he went in for sport.

11. We've been good neighbours....quite a long time.

12. The cake has been in the oven...thirty minutes.

Exercise 11.Translate the sentences into English.

1. Я надеюсь, что я не сделала ни одной ошибки в этой работе.

2. Он счастлив, потому что он влюбился в замечательную девушку.

3. - Вы когда-нибудь были в пустыне? - Нет, но я был в джунглях Амазонки.

4. Мне всегда нравился английский язык.

5. Я вижу, что вы передумали. Что-нибудь случилось?

6. Много лет прошло с тех пор, как они расстались.

7. Я не был в библиотеке уже очень давно, с тех пор, как сдал экзамен.

8. Спасибо, вы спасли мою жизнь.

9. Он никогда не был на Аляске, не так ли?

10. - Как давно он уже здесь? - Он здесь с утра.

11. - Сколько раз вы были в Большом театре? - Я пока там не был.

12. Здесь уже целый месяц не было дождя.

13. В этом году я еще не отдыхал.

14. Снег перестал идти, и светит солнце.

15. Она никогда не видела моря.

16. Сколько денег ты потратила на вечеринку?

17. Вы ведь никогда не летали на воздушном шаре?

18. - Я сто лет тебя не видел, где ты был все это время? - Я только что вернулся из Австралии.

19. Они друзья. Они дружат с детства.

20. Я с утра ничего не ел. Вы что-нибудь приготовили для нас?

Exercise 12. Write the past participles of the following words.

leave win feel lose sleep send spend sit set put	think hit buy find hear sell stop draw blow teach

Exercise 13. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Я давно купила этот словарь. Я давно не покупала новых книг.

2. В последний раз он ел мороженое прошлым летом. В последнее время он не ел ничего сладкого.

3. Мы видели этого человека очень давно. Мы даже не помним его лица.

4. - Вы давно его знаете? - Да, мы встретились очень давно, почти двадцать лет назад.

5. Франк давно не видел своих детей и очень по ним соскучился.

6. - Давно он приехал? - Он не уезжал, все это время он был здесь.

7. Вчера я долго читала новый журнал. Я так давно не читала этот роман, я забыла, о чем он.

8. Молодые люди долго встречались (to date), а затем расстались.

Exercise 14. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. I (finish) my course paper. I (finish) it two days ago.

2. - You ever (eat) at Maxim's? - Yes, I (eat) there many times. In fact, my friend and I (eat) there last night.

3. - What European countries you (visit)? - I (visit) Germany, France and Italy. I (be) in Germany and France in 1998, and in Italy in 1999.

4. - He already (talk) to the Dean about the grades? - Yes, he (talk) to him several times and the last time (be) yesterday.

5. Jim already (have) lunch. He (have) it an hour ago.

6. Erica and I just (see) this movie. We (see) it two days ago.

7. Jane already (call) her parents. She (call) them on Saturday evening.

8. I (read, not) this bestseller yet, though I (buy) it a couple of months ago.

9. - Where is Dick? - He just (go) for a walk. Actually he (leave) a minute ago.

10. - I (see, not) you for ages! Where you (be) all this time? - I (come) back from Canada two days ago.

11. - When you last (hear) from him?'- We (hear, not) from him since he (go) to the Far East.

12. Everybody says you (win) a lot of money. When it (happen)?

13. He is staying in bed now. He (break) his leg. Yesterday he (slip) and (fall).

14. - It (rain) here lately? - It (rain) hard last night.

15. The concert (begin). It (begin) ten minutes ago.

Exercise 15. Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct form.

1. Larry is (young) than Stanley.

2. Frank is the (young) boy in the group.

3. Lucy is (aiel) than my sister.

4. Rose's flat is ( nice) than Alice's flat.

5. June is (sunny) than April.

6. George is not so (strong) as Robert.

7. Sally is the (short) girl in her group.

8. This is the (cheap) dress in the shop.

9. Mr White is not as (fat) as Mr Black.

10. This is the (deep) lake in Estonia.

11. London is (big) than Tallinn but New York is the (big).

12. He is the (lazy) person I have ever met.

13. These jackets are (expensive) than those coats.

14. Julia's bag isn't as (heavy) as Sally's but it's (heavy) than Nora's bag.

Exercise 16. Choose the right item.

I walk (quick, quickly).

He always drives too (quick, quickly).

He is a very (careless, carelessly) driver.

Jane plays the violin (beautiful, beautifully).

John is a (hard, hardly) worker.

I can do it (easy, easily).

Takeit (easy, easily).

David is a (good, well) tennis player.

He plays tennis very (good, well).

I agree with you (complete, completely).

The light is very (bright, brightly).

It's a (hard, hardly) job, you must work very (hard, hardly).

I (hard, hardly) know them.

I haven't seen them (late, lately).

Exercise 17. Put the adjectives into the comparative and superlative forms.

1. happy 2. pretty 3. grey 4. shy 5. left 6. dry 7. simple 8. joyful 9. accurate 10. real 11. sweet 12. yellow 13. polite 14. angry 15. well-known 16. pregnant 17. fine-looking 18. kind-hearted 19. oldfashioned 20. light-minded 21. absent-minded 22. broad-minded 23. well-bred 24. middle 25. wooden 26. empty 27. medical

Exercise 18. Put the adjectives into the correct form using as ... as, not as (not so) ... as, more (less) ... than.

1. Towns (noisy) villages.

2. This year things (good) last year.

3. Programmes now (interesting) they used to be.

4. Susan (pretty) a flower in May.

5. English (easy) Japanese.

6. Russian (difficult) Chinese.

7. Japanese (easy) English.

8. Health (important) money.

9. A change (good) a rest.

10. Now the situation (bad) last month.

11. Cigarettes (harmful) cigars.

12. Is London (old) Moscow?

13. My life (interesting) used to be.

14. I shall be happy (long) you stay with me.

15. He(not clever) you think.

16. We have known them (long) you have.

17. The new clerk (competent) the others.

18. This wonderful hotel (expensive) the Ritz.

19. Their new car (economical) the old one.

20. On Sundays my children don't have to get up (early) as usual.

Exercise 19. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Из двух сестер Эмма более хорошенькая, но менее умная.

2. Из четырех братьев Роберт был самым энергичным.

3. Он лучше играет в теннис, чем я (tennis player).

4. Хосе - лучший игрок в этой футбольной команде.

5. Постарайтесь сделать свое сочинение как можно короче, но не забудьте выразить наиболее важные вещи.

6. Bсе больше и больше людей хотят изучать английский язык, и им нужны более хорошие учебники.

7. Дэвид Копперфильд - самый великолепный Фокусник, которого я когда-либо видела.

8. Это был самый плохой день в жизни Чарльза.

9. Какое из этих двух лекарств более эффективно?

10. Моя бабушка выращивает самые красивые цветы на своей даче.

11. Нет ничего лучше, чем чашка горячего, крепкого чая.

12. Сейчас многим людям приходится работать гораздо больше, чем прежде.

13. Чем скорее ты поймешь это, тем лучше.

14. Мой день рождения - самый замечательный день в году.

Exercise 20. Fill in with the correct form of the adjective.

A. Late.

1. This dress is ... fashion.

2. You must get off at ... stop.

3. Why did you come home...than usual last night?

4. I think we shall discuss news a bit ....

5. Victor has two friends: Mike and Henry. .... is an artist, ... is a dentist.

6. Will you repeat ... word, please.

7. What are ... achievements in this science?

8 .... month Ted passed ... exam.

B. Near.

1. This problem brought her ... to me.

2. We walked...to house in silence.

3. What's ... metro station here?

4. ...time you ought to be more careful.

5. Are you getting off at ... stop, madam?

6. Will you read ...lines, Mary?

C. Old.

1. My husband is five years ... than me.

2. Is your mother as ... as mine?

3. Of the six children Tim is...

4. My ... sister studies at college.

5. - Who is...at the office? - Mr. Harte is, though he is the youngest man here.

D. Far.

1. While walking we went as ... as the river.

2 How ... is the station from here?

3 .1 wouldn't trust them very ....

4. Rita lives ... from the office than all the other people.

5. They found the child in ... corner of the park.

6. The inspector went ... into the matter.

7. Molly has never read...than chapter 1.

8. They never got any ....

9. For ...information, see page 49.

10. At the party I was sitting at ... end of the table.

Exercise 21. Translate the sentences into English.

1. - Ваша подруга старше вас? - Да, на два года.

2. Джордж - самый старший из четырех братьев.

3. Мой старший брат - хороший спортсмен.

4. Нам придется ждать дальнейших указаний.

5. Поздно ночью мы прибыли на последнюю станцию.

6. Последние опыты дали интересные результаты.

7. Это был последний раз, когда мы видели его.

8. В прошлый раз мы так хорошо провели время.

Exercise 22.Write sentences about places you know as in the example:

(beautiful) The most beautiful place I know is Venice.

(expensive)

(cheap)

(cold)

(hot)

(ancient)

Exercise 23.Complete the sentences as in the example:

It rained more heavily yesterday than today. (heavily)

Ann talks ....................................................Pam. (loud)

He earns........... money.................... his brother. (much)

She is............. student.................. the class. (hard-working)

This is ....................... film ............................all. (exciting)

She runs............................................................. me. (fast)

This exercise is that one. (difficult)

Onassis was one of ................men...............in the world. (rich)

Exercise 24. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjective:

1. Which is (large): the United States or Canada?

2. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States?

3. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia.

4. The London underground is the (old) in the world.

5. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia.

6. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world.

7. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England.

8. The land of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland.

9. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia?

10. The English Channel is (wide) than the straits of Gibraltar.

11. Russia is a very (large) country.

Exercise 25. Fill in with as ... as or so ... as.

1. Mike is ... tall ... Pete. 2. Kate is not ... nice ... Ann. 3. My room is ... light ... this one. 4. This book is not ... thin ... that one. 5. Sergei is... old ... Michael. 6. She is ... young ... Tom's brother. 7. This woman is ... good ... that one. 8. Nick's English is not ... good ... his friend's. 9.1 am not ... tall ... Pete. 10. This woman is ... young ... that one. 12. I am ... thin ... you. 13. Kate is ... lazy ... her brother. 14. This child is not . . . small . . . that one.

Exercise 26. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Этот дом такой же высокий, как тот. 2. Сегодня вода в реке не такая теплая, как вчера. 3. Ты не такой умный, как папа. 4. Индия не такая большая, как Китай. 5. Темза такая же красивая, как Нева. 6. Его бабушка не такая старая, как дедушка. 7 Яблоки такие же вкусные, как сливы, но не такие вкусные, как груши. 8. Русский музей такой же богатый, как Эрмитаж? 9. Державин не такой знаменитый, как Пушкин. 10. Днепр не такой длинный, как Волга. 11. В прошлом году август был такой же жаркий, как июль.

Exercise 27. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Этот дом выше того. 2. Сегодня вода в реке холоднее, чем вчера. 3. Папа умнее тебя. 4. Китай больше Индии. 5. Его бабушка моложе дедушки. 6. Груши вкуснее яблок. 7. Наша кошка меньше нашей собаки. 8. Мой брат моложе меня. 9. В прошлом году февраль был холоднее января, 10. Днепр короче Волги. 11. Эрмитаж богаче Русского музея.

Exercise 28. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. What is your height? You are taller than me. 2. She felt as strong as her brother. 3. We started earlier than you. 4. He was more careful than I. 5. This student is the most attentive in our group. 6.I need a warmer coat. 7. He is as tired as you. 8. He was one of the most experienced workers at the factory. 9. Better late than never. 10. She was not so attractive as her mother. 11. His work is not so difficult as mine. 12. He was the eldest in the family. 13. It is easier to swim in the sea than in the river. 14. This is the smallest room in our flat.

Exercise 29. Fill in with as ... as, so ... as or than.

1. Our house is not ... big ... yours. 2. The new cinema in our district is much bigger ... the old one. 3. We are ... proud of our district ... you are of yours. 4. The house I live in is ... old ... the one my sister lives in. 5. Exercise No.2 is easier ... Exercise No. 3. 6. Nevsky Prospect is more beautiful ... our street. 7. My composition is not ... long ... yours.

Exercise 30. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjective:

1. This man is (tall) than that one.

2. Asia is (large) than Australia.

3. The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi.

4. Which building is the (high) in Moscow?

5. Mary is a (good) student than Lucy.

6, The Alps are (high) than the Urals.

7. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town.

8. She speaks Italian (good) than English.

9. Is the word "newspaper" (long) than the word "book"?

10. The Thames is (short) than the Volga.

11. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean.

12. Chinese is (difficult) than English.

Exercise 31.Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjective:

1. Oil is (light) than water.

2. We shall wait for a (dry) day to go on the excursion.

3. A bus is (fast) than a tram.

4. Take some of these sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box.

5. He clearly did not like the explanation, and as he listened to it, he became (angry) and (angry).

6. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer.

7. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California.

8. Please be (careful) next time and don't spill the milk again.

9. Bobby was a (quiet) child. He was (quiet) than his sister.

10. Her eyes are (grey) than mine.

11. He was the (fat) man in the village.

12. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and (heavy).

UNIT IX

PROGRESSIVE ORGANIZATIONS

ANDMOVEMENTS

Exercise 1. Translate into English.

Sphere, celebrate, assistance, citizen, overseas, trade, various, struggle, dependable, tie, situate, field, help, organize, mark, reliable, commerce, foreign, resident, link, united towns, locale, found, main, establish, aim, comprise, promote, major, progress, include, grow, consolidate, appear, contribute, complex, development, increase, protect, strengthen, ensure, twin cities, difficult, purpose, come into being, mankind, back, defend, humanity, fight, support, provide.

Exercise 2. Make up sentences.

1. Progressive, in, many, are, movements, world, the, and, organizations, there.

2. At, directed, their, problems, activities, various, facing, are, mankind, solving, today.

3. Federation, of, one, the, Twin, of, Cities, World, is, them.

4. The, in, being, came, 1942, Federation, into.

5. Peace, to, international, helps, broad, it, promoting, links, maintain, to, progress, and.

Exercise 3. Read and give a summary of the text.

Twin City Movement

The movement came into being at the end of 1942 when the residents and defenders of Stalingrad (nowadays Volgograd) received a telegram from the authorities of the English city Coventry damaged by the German Air Forces. In their telegram the Coventry people expressed their admiration for our soldiers' courage and proposed their friendship.

Nowadays there are more than 1000 twin cities in Europe and Asia, Africa, North and South Americas. In April 1957 the twinned cities' representatives founded the World United Towns Federation and decided to celebrate last Sunday of April as the World Day of Twin Cities.

The Federation calls all nations for peace consolidation, peaceful coexistence and fraternal mutual assistance. It contributes to expanding exchanges in cultural, educational, informational and economic spheres as well as in trade, sports, tourism and many other fields.

The World United Towns Federation also acts as a sponsor of different international congresses and conferences of twinned cities and organizes youth rallies. The Federation activities are directed by its Executive Council located in Paris, France

All twinned cities maintain broad international links that promote fruitful cooperation, mutual assistance and friendly relations between various nations, their better understanding, thus serving the cause of peace and progress on the Earth.

Russia is the member of the World United Towns Federation too. At present over 200 cities of the Russian Federation have twin cities in different parts of the Globe and cooperate with them in various fields. The united cities' representatives like visiting our country. They show great interest in our fruitful cooperation, appreciating our people as loyal friends and reliable partners.

Exercise 4. Find in the text the sentences:

1. содержащие информацию об истории создания Всемирной Федерации городов-побратимов;

2. свидетельствующие о ее значении в мире сегодня;

3. освещающие основные сферы деятельности этой организации.

Exercise 5. Find in the texts English equivalents for these words and word combinations:

1) Основать Всемирную федерацию городов-побратимов; 2) быть спонсором многих международных конференций и молодежных съездов; 3) предлагать дружбу; 4) братская взаимопомощь; 5) иметь прочные связи со многими странами; 6) поддерживать дружеские и дипломатические отношения; 7) отмечать Всемирный день городов-побратимов; 8) призывать к мирному сосуществованию; 9) сфера народного образования; 10) представители и жители породненных городов; 11) надежные партнеры; 12) служить делу мира, прогресса; 13) способствовать взаимопониманию; 14) расширять культурные и экономические связи; 15) ценить верных друзей; 16) плодотворное международное сотрудничество.

Exercise 6. Finish the following:

1. There are many ... in the world today.

2. Their activities arc directed at ... complex and important problems that mankind now.

3. Among the most known progressive ... of the world there arc such ones as ... and others.

4. The Twin City Movement ... in 1942.

5. Nowadays this comprises more than 1000 ... in various parts of ...

6. Peace ... and mutual ... arc the ... of the World United Towns Federation activities.

7. The all-round international ... serves the cause of ... and ... on the Earth.

Exercise 7. Answer the questions:

1. When was the World United Towns Federation founded?

2. How many cities does it unite at present?

3. Is this world known organization a progressive one? Why?

4. What spheres arc the Federation activities concentrated on?

5. When is the World Day of Twinned Cities celebrated?

6. Is the Russian Federation also a member of this organization?

7. How many cities of our country have united cities abroad?

8. Do you know any of them?

9. Can you name the twin cities of your town?

10. Have you ever been in any of them?

11. What is the attitude of the twin cities' residents to our people?

12. What is your opinion: are various ties between the united cities useful for their citizens or not?

13. Can you prove it?

Exercise 8. Make up sentences:

1. Mankind, an, role, various, the, important, of, plays, UN, of, affairs, the, in.

2. Being, it, into, 1945, came, in.

3. The, comprises, today, countries, UN, 200, over.

4. Aim, to, international, main, is, security, maintain, and, its, to, peace.

5. To, among, the, cooperation, UN, friendly, and, mission, relations, is, nations, develop.

6. Represented, the, all, General, states, in, arc, member, Assembly.

Exercise 9. Read and give a summary of the text.

The United Nations Organization

The United Nations Organization (the UN -- for short) plays a very important role in different affairs of mankind, almost in every field of the human activities.

The UN came into being in October, 24, 1945, as a result of the historic victory of the Anti -- Hitler Coalition in World War II, when its Charter had been ratified by France, the USSR, Great Britain, the USA, China and some other states.

Since 1945 the UN membership has increased from 51 to more than 200 states. Every member state has only one vote.

The main aim of the UN is to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations and cooperation among the Globe nations in various spheres. One of the major principles of the UN is the conviction, that economic development for all peoples of the world is the surest way to achieve political, economic and social security.

The United Nations Organization was founded on the following basic principles:

1) All the member-states are sovereign and equal.

2) They are to settle all international disputes by peaceful means.

3) They are to render the UN every assistance in accordance with the United Nations' Charter.

There are 6 main organs in the UN: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the Secretariat.

The General Assembly is the organ wherein all member-states are represented. It also elects the members of the Security, Economic, Social and Trusteeship Councils. The General Assembly and the Security Council elect the judges to the International Court of Justice and appoint the UN General Secretary.

The members of the General Assembly talk to each other in many languages, but officially there are only six main languages: Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Arabian and French.

The UN Headquarters are situated in New York, Manhattan, the USA. There is an allegoric statue by Evgeny Vuchetich, an outstanding Russian sculptor, in front of the UN building. The statue, named "We'll beat our swords into the plough shares" ("Перекуем мечи на орала" -- words from the Bible), is the symbol of the UN's call for universal peace and cooperation among the Globe nations.

The International Court of Justice has its seat at the Hague, Netherlands.

The UN regular sessions are held annually, beginning with the fall. As a rule, a limited number of individual visitors is admitted to the meetings at the UN Headquarters.

From the very beginning the United Nations Organization has been working at the global and national levels. The UN influence and importance are steadily growing. It is engaged everywhere, helping various nations to escape from poverty and hunger. The United Nations Organization also promotes the children survival and the environment improvement, as well as all women's progress, protecting human rights and democracy.

At present the United Nations Organization continues to be a single international institution doing its best to ensure that economic expansion and globalization are guided by the policies that are aimed at providing welfare and sustainable development for all the Globe nations.

Exercise 10. Find in the texts English equivalents for these words and word combinations:

1) Организация Объединенных Наций; 2) ратифицировать устав ООН; 3) различные сферы человеческой деятельности; 4) основной принцип, убеждение; 5) играть важную роль; 6) решать различные споры мирными средствами; 7) главная цель; 8) вернейший путь к достижению политической безопасности; 9) оказывать всяческую помощь; 10) сохранить мир; 11) суверенные/равноправные страны; 12) экономическое развитие; 13) избирать судей в Международный суд; 14) в соответствии с уставом; 15) способствовать установлению дружественных отношений; 16) международное сотрудничество;17)Генеральный секретарь ООН, Генеральная Ассамблея;18)помочь избежать бедности и голода; 19) Совет безопасности; 20) проводить регулярные сессии; 21) попечительский совет; 22) экономическая экспансия; 23) стабильное развитие; 24) способствовать демократии и соблюдению прав человека; 25) работать на различных уровнях; 26) защита окружающей среды; 27) допускать ограниченное число посетителей; 28) руководствоваться политикой, направленной на обеспечение благосостояния народа; 29) сохранить жизнь детей; 30) растущее влияние и значение ООН.

Exercise 11. Answer the questions:

1. What is the full name of the UN?

2. When was this organization founded?

3. Who ratified the UN Charter?

4. What principles was the UN established on?

5. What organs does it consist of?

6. What organ are all the member-states represented in?

7. Who appoints the General Secretary of the UN and elects the judges to the International Court of Justice?

8. Do you know the UN General Secretary's name?

9. What arc the UN official languages and why?

10. How many member -- states does the UN comprise today?

11. Where are the UN Headquarters and the International Court of Justice situated?

12. Speak about the UN influence and importance.

Exercise 12. Read and translate:

Do you know?

1. "Living planet" is an international ecological movement. Its mission is to contribute to the solution of the global ecological problems by means of developing international and interregional cooperation at various levels: governments and parliaments, business and scientific organizations, different regions and citizens. The main principles of this movement are equality of all the participants' rights, voluntariness, glasnost and legality.

2. "Rainbow Keepers " is a half-official radical ecological movement of' Russia. Its participants are young, but all of them arc people of action. They organize long time protest camps against various dangerous projects, both in our country and in East Europe.

3. The organization "Soldiers' Mothers" was founded in 1991. It provides practical assistance to the conscripts and their families.

The organization also helps people through the process of appealing for exemption from or deferment of military service for reasons of health, extreme family hardships or conscientious objection. It helps to provide medical and legal consultations as well as moral support and education on legal rights and how to exercise them.

4. "The Kedr"(Cedar) is the ecological party founded in 1994 on the basis of the Kedr constructive ecological movement set up in 1993. It claims today to be the party of the future. The party is oriented towards the young people between 18--30 years of age. Its strategic goal is to create conditions for the nation's healthy, safe and full life, for spiritual and cultural education and development of our people. It does its best to elaborate a set of the state and public measures to protect Russia and the people living on its large territory.

Grammar exercises

Exercise 1. Сomplete the sentences with one of these adverbs:

angrily, badly, dangerously, fast, heavily, quietly

1 It's raining....

2 He sings very…

3 They came in ….

4 She shouted at me ….

S She can run very ….

6 He was driving ....

Exercise 2. Choose a verb (A) + an adverb (B) to complete the sentences.

A) come , know, sleep, win, explain, listen, think, work.

B) carefully, clearly, easily, hard, quickly, well, well

1 I'm going to tell you something very important, so …!

2 Ann! I need your help…!

3 They … .At the end of the day they're always tired.

4 I'm tired this morning. I didn't …last night.

5. You're a much better tennis player than me. When we play, you always ……….

6 ………..before you answer the question.

7 I've met Alice a few times but I don't …….her very ………...

8 Our teacher isn't very good. Sometimes he doesn't …things very… .

Exercise 3. Which is right?

1. Don't eat so quick/quickly. It's not good for you.

2. Why are you angry/angrily? I haven't done anything.

3. Can you speak slow/slowly, please?

4. Come on, Dave! Why are you always so slow/slowly?

5. Bill is a very careful/carefully driver.

6. Jane is studying hard/hardly for her examinations.

7. 'Where's Diane?' 'She was here but she left sudden/suddenly.'

8. Please be quiet/quietly. I'm studying.

9. Some companies pay their workers very bad/badly.

10. Those oranges look nice/nicely. Can I have one?

Exercise 4. Put in good or well.

1. Your English is very … . You speak English very … .

2. Jackie did very …in her exams.

3. The party was very … .I enjoyed it very much.

4. Martin has a difficult job but he does it … .

5. How are your parents? Are they …?

6. Did you have a …holiday? Was the weather …?

Exercise 5. Write what the underlined word is; adjective or adverb.

Fast runners win races.

2. Mathematics is difficult.

She's a good pianist.

She behaved rudely to her boss.

You've done well in your test.

The clowns are very funny.

She's a pretty girl.

He runs fast.

Ann is very sad.

She plays the piano beautifully.

Father is very busy in his office.

The doctor arrived immediately.

Exercise 6.Underline the correct item.

He left the room quiet / quietly.

Jane works hard / hardly.

He's a very nice / nicely man.

The sun is shining bright / brightly.

Smoking is bad / badly for your health.

She behaves very good / well.

He always dresses smart / smartly.

He shouted angry / angrily at me.

This chair is comfortable / comfortably.

He smiled sad / sadly.

You drive very slow / slowly.

Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative and superlative forms.

cheaply more cheaply most cheaply 5. late

fast6. loudly

quickly 7. hard

Early 8. politely

Exercise 8. Complete these sentences. Use can or can't + one of these verbs:

come find hear see speak

1. I'm sorry but we …. to your party next Saturday.

2. I like this hotel room. You ...the mountains from the window.

3. You are speaking very quietly. I … you.

4. Have you seen my bag? I …it.

5. Catherine got the job because she …five languages.

Exercise 9. Complete these sentences. Use can't or couldn't + one of these verbs:

eat decide find go go sleep

1. I was tired but I…I wasn't hungry yesterday. I … my dinner.

2. Ann doesn't know what to do. She …

3. I wanted to speak to Martin yesterday but I …him.

4. Jim…to the concert next Saturday. He has to work.

5. Paula …to the meeting last week. She was ill.

Exercise 10. Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these verbs:

be, go, go, learn, meet, wash, win

1. We… to the bank today. We haven't got any money.

2. Marilyn is a very interesting person. You … her.

3. My hands are dirty. I … them.

4. You …to drive. It will be very useful.

5. I…to the post office. I need some stamps.

6. The game tomorrow is very important for us. We ….

7. You can't always have things immediately. You … patient.

Exercise 11. Put in I must or I had to.

1. I… go to the bank yesterday to get some money.

2. It's late. I…go now.

3. I don't usually work on Saturdays but last Saturday… work.

4. I...get up early tomorrow. I've got a lot to do.

5. I went to London by train last week. The train was full and I…stand all the way.

6. I was nearly late for my appointment this morning. I…run to get there on time.

7. I forgot to phone David yesterday. I… phone him later today.

Exercise 12. Complete the sentences. Use mustn't or needn't + one of these verbs:

clean, forget, hurry, lose, wait, write

1. The windows aren't very dirty. You …them.

2. We have a lot of time. We ….

3. Keep these documents in a safe place. You …them.

4. I'm not ready yet but you …for me. You can go now and I'll come later.

5. We …to turn off the lights before we leave.

6. I…the letter now. I can do it tomorrow.

Exercise 13. Find the sentences with the same meaning.

1. We can leave the meeting early.

2. We must leave the meeting early.

3. We mustn't leave the meeting early.

4. We needn't leave the meeting early.

5. We had to leave the meeting early.

A. We must stay until the end.

B. We couldn't stay until the end.

C. We can't stay until the end.

D. We needn't stay until the end.

E. We can stay until the end.

Exercise 14. Put in must / had to / mustn't / needn't.

1. You … go. You can stay here if you want.

2. It's a fantastic film. You… see it.

3. We've got enough food, so we …go shopping.

4. We didn't have any food yesterday, so we …go shopping.

5. I want to know what happened. You …tell me.

6. You …tell Sue what happened. I don't want her to know.

7. I…hurry or I'll be late.

8. 'Why were you so late?' 'I …wait half an hour for a bus.'

9. We … decide now. We can decide later.

Exercise 15. Complete the sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs:

clean, go, take, visit, watch, wear

1. When you play tennis,… the ball.

2. It's late and you're very tired. …to bed.

3.…your teeth twice a day.

4. If you have time, …the Science Museum. It's very interesting.

5. When you're driving, …a seat belt.

6. It's too far to walk from here to the station. …a taxi.

Exercise 16. You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with "Do you think I should ... ?"

1. You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket. (buy?)

You ask your friend: Do you think I should…

2. You can't drive. (learn?)

You ask your friend: Do you think …

3. You don't like your job. (get another job?)

You ask your friend: …

4. You are going to have a party. (invite Gary?)

You ask your friend: …

Exercise 17. Write sentences with I think ... should ... or I don't think ... should ....

1. It's late. (go home now).

2. That coat is too big for you. (buy)

3. You don't need your car. (sell it).

4. Diane needs a rest. (have a holiday).

5. Sally and Colin are too young. (get married)

6. You're not well this morning. (go to work).

7. James isn't well today. (go to the doctor).

8. The hotel is too expensive for us. (stay there).

Exercise 18. What do you think? Write sentences with should.

1. I think … .

2. I think everybody … .

3. I think … .

4. I don't think … .

5. I think I should. … .

Exercise 19. Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs:

do, read, speak, travel, wear'

1. My eyes are not very good. I …glasses.

2. At the end of the course all the students …a test.

3. Mary is studying literature. She…a lot of books.

4. Albert doesn't understand much English. You…very slowly to him.

5. Kate is not often at home. She …a lot in her job.

Exercise 20. Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs:

answer, buy, change, go, walk

1. We…home last night. There were no buses.

2. It's late. I …now. I'll see you tomorrow.

3. I went to the supermarket after work yesterday. I …some food.

4. This train doesn't go all the way to London. You …at Bristol.

5. We did an exam yesterday. We …six questions out of ten.

Exercise 21. Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past.

1. I have to get up early tomorrow.

2. George had to wait a long time.

3. Liz has to go somewhere.

4. We had to pay a lot of money.

5. I have to' do some work.

A. What time ….?

B. How long …?

C. Where… ?

D. How much …?

F. What exactly…?

Exercise 22. Write sentences with don't/doesn't/didn't have to ....

1. Why are you going out? You….

2. Why is Ann waiting? She ….

3. Why did you get up early? You ….

4. Why is Paul working so hard? He ….

5. Why do you want to leave now? We ….

Exercise 23. Which is correct? Sometimes must and have to are both correct.

1. It's a great film. You must see / have to see it.

2. In many countries, men must do / have to do military service.

3. You can't park your car here for nothing. You must pay / have to pay.

4. I didn't have any money with me last night, so I must borrow / had to borrow some.

5. I eat too much chocolate. I really must stop / have to stop.

6. Why is Paula going now?' 'She must meet / has to meet somebody.

7 What's wrong? You must tell / have to tell me. I want to help you.

Exercise 24. Write some things that you (or your friends or family) have to do or had to do.

1. (every day) … .

2. (every day) … .

3. (tomorrow) … .

4. (yesterday)… .

Exercise 25. Write sentences with might.

1. (it's possible that I'll go to the cinema)

2. (it's possible that I'll see you tomorrow)

3. (it's possible that Ann will forget to phone)

4. (it's possible that it will snow today)

5. . (it's possible that I'll be late tonight)

Write sentences with might not.

6. (it's possible that Mary will not be here) .

7. (it's possible that I won't have time to meet you)

Exercise 26. Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas but you are not sure. Choose from the list and write sentences with I might.

fish, go away, Italy, Monday, new car, taxi

1.Where are you going for your holidays?

2.What are you doing at the weekend?

3.When will you see Ann again?

4.What are you going to have for dinner?

5. How are you going to get home tonight?

6. I hear you won some money. What are you going to do with it?

I'm not sure ... .

I don't know. I … .

I'm not sure... .

I don't know… .

I'm not sure… .

I haven't decided yet…. .

Exercise 27. Write three things that you might do tomorrow.

UNIT X

The Greens

Exercise 1. Read and give a summary of the text.

Nowadays there are various progressive movements and organizations in the world. They are working for peace consolidation, the environment protection and in many other spheres connected with the security of mankind and further progress on the Earth. The Greens are among the most known ones.

This movement as an ecological force is relatively young. It came into being in Britain in the 1960-s. Other Greens' organizations and parties of Europe were created a decade later. They emerged in 1973.

The Greens choose a sunflower, a symbol of nature, as their emblem, because the sun, the greens and grains are 3 main sources of life.

The Greens come out with the demands of more active protection of the Environment. They organize peaceful strikes and demonstrations, appeal to their countries' Parliaments and take other similar actions.

Their aim is to influence and force the Governments of their own and other countries to issue a lawful ban on the monopolies poisoning the Environment with their uncontrolled industrial activities and wastes.

Today the Greens in all European countries feel deep responsibility for the destinies of mankind. That's why they also demand a total ban on the biological and chemical weapons, substantial cuts in the strategic nuclear arsenals and total disarmament.

As the Greens developed in various countries of Europe, their interest to cooperate with each other increased. Thus, the first European organization was founded in 1984 when the Greens of the UK, Benelux, France, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland met in Belgium and formed the European Coordination of the Greens parties.

With the years their membership grew, new initiatives and new ideas emerged. That's why in 1993 it was decided to transform the Coordination into the European Federation of the Greens' parties. At present there are over 30 Greens parties in various countries.

The Federation mission is to develop socially just and sustainable Europe. The European Greens aim. at the ecological development. According to their point of view the economy must adapt to what the natural environment can tolerate. The Greens arc sure that the ecological development should be based on democracy, transparency, gender equality, the right of all people to express themselves and participate in the decision making.

Exercise 2. Find in the texts English equivalents for these words and word combinations:

1) Прогрессивные организации и движения мира; 2) укрепление мира и безопасности; 3) защита окружающей среды; 4) выступать с требованиями; 5) сотрудничать в различных областях; 6) социально справедливый; 7) издать законный запрет; 8) мирные забастовки и демонстрации; 9) воззвания к парламентам всех стран; 10) оказать влияние; 11) отравлять окружающую среду; 12) требовать запрета химического и бактериологического оружия; 13) промышленные отходы; 14) участвовать в принятии решений; 15) бесконтрольная деятельность; 16) стабильная Европа; 17) сотрудничать с разными экологическими движениями и партиями; 18) создать Европейскую федерацию партий зеленых; 19) судьбы человечества; 20) право на самовыражение; 21) полное разоружение; 22) чувствовать глубокую ответственность; 23) быть основанным на демократии и равенстве; 24) вызывать интерес; 25) предпринимать аналогичные действия; 26) прозрачная политика; 27) точка зрения.

Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements; add some more information:

1. There are many various movements and organizations in the world today.

2. Most of them are working in the field of new computer technologies.

3. The Greens are among the world's most known progressive organizations.

4. This organization emerged in the USA last century.

5. The Greens' emblem is the sun because it is the main source of life.

6. To obtain their goals the Greens use different military actions.

7. They come out with the demands of more active protection of the environment and peace consolidation.

8. They want to develop sustainable and just Europe.

9. That's why they combat against basic human rights and democracy.

10. All people of our planet have the right to express themselves and participate in decision making.

Exercise 4. Read and give a summary of the text.

Greenpeace

The organization has been campaigning against the environment degradation since 1971. It was then when a small boat full of volunteers (the founders of the Greenpeace) and journalists sailed from Vancouver, Canada, to a small island, north of Alaska, where the USA Government was conducting the underground nuclear tests. They wanted to save the sea otters, eagles and other wildlife.

Today the Greenpeace is a well-known international organization that prioritizes the Globe's most important environmental campaigns:

-- Stop climate change!

--Protect ancient forests!

--Save the oceans!

--Stop whaling!

--Say no to genetic engineering!

--Stop nuclear tests!

--Eliminate toxic chemicals!

--Encourage sustainable trade!

Based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the Greenpeace has about 3 million supporters worldwide, as well as their national and regional offices in more than 40 countries of Europe, Asia, both Americas and the Pacific. This organization exists because our fragile Earth needs help not to perish.

As a global organization, the Greenpeace focuses on the worldwide threats to our planet's biodiversity and the environment. Its activists use research, lobbying and diplomacy to pursue their goals, as well as non-violent conflicts to raise the level and quality of the public debates.

Both they and their supporters in various countries of the Globe strongly believe that their struggle to preserve the future of our planet is not only their own concern, it is about all people of the Earth.

That's why they say in a loud voice: "When the last tree is cut, the last river is poisoned and the last fish is dead, we shall discover that we can't eat money! So, Act now!"

Exercise 5. Find in the texts English equivalents for these words and word combinations:

1) основатели Гринпис; 2) проводить кампании по спасению лесов, океанов, морей; 3) спасти живую природу; 4) проводить подземные ядерные испытания; 5) преследовать свои цели; 6) добровольцы и сторонники; 7) повысить уровень и качество публичных дискуссий; 8) сохранить будущее нашей планеты; 9) забота всех людей земли; 10) остановить изменение климата; 11) отравлять реки; 12) сказать нет генной инженерии; 13) региональные офисы по всему миру; 14) угроза биологическому разнообразию; 15) для защиты окружающей среды; 16) хрупкая планета; 17) организация глобального значения.

Exercise 6. Put in a logical order:

The Earth is our common home in the Universe.

According to the decision of the XXVII session of the UN General Assembly June, 5, is celebrated as the World Environment Day.

But interacting with Nature people changed and polluted it.

Efforts of one country are no longer sufficient to solve the problem.

March, 22, the vernal equinox day, is announced by the UNESCO as the Earth Day.

Mankind derives from Nature almost everything: food, building materials, energy, etc.

Solid wastes, radioactive substances, water contamination and forests shrinking cause great damage to the Environment.

Only international cooperation in scientific research and other coordinate protective measures can do it.

We, people of the Earth, must preserve our Nature both for ourselves and the generations to come.

The problem of protecting and improving the Environment has assumed a global character.

Exercise 7. Translate into English and make up a dialogue.

1. Какие прогрессивные движения и организации вы знаете?

2. Что общего у этих организаций?

3. Чем они отличаются?

4. Когда были созданы первые партии зеленых в Европе?

5. Сколько таких партий в странах Европы сейчас?

6. Каковы их основные цели и задачи?

7. А что можно сказать о Гринпис?

8. Назовите главные задачи этого движения.

9. Есть ли последователи и сторонники у него сегодня?

10. Какими способами добиваются своих целей обе эти организации?

11. Насколько эти способы эффективны?

12. А что можно сказать о влиянии таких движений и организаций в мире и настоящее время?

Grammar exercises

Exercise 1. Match numbers with letters.

1. You usually start your work at nine o'clock,

2. Tamara can't speak any foreign language,

3. He hasn't got a pet,

4. You can always trust me,

5. They never argue with me,

6. Helen didn't come to the party,

7. We are going to see the ocean tomorrow,

8. You haven't been to the Bolshoi before,

9. He isn't lazy,

10. Pamela won't date Jack,

11. I am lucky,

12. Pay attention,

13. Don't be late,

14. Nobody called for me,

15. Everyone was very happy,

16. Nothing could be better,

17. Let's start,

a. can she?

b. do they?

c. has he?

d. don't you?

e. aren't I?

f. will you?

g. did they?

h. weren't they?

i. shall we?

j. will (would) you?

k. could it?

l. will she?

m. aren't we?

n. can't you?

o. did she? . .

p. is he?

q. have you?

Exercise 2.Complete the sentences.

1. There are no stars in the sky, ... ?

2. Ted didn't come to class yesterday, ... ?

3. Our teacher gave us much homework to do, ... ?

4. You didn't have to lie to her, ... ?

5. It snows a lot in Siberia, ... ?

6. It never rains in the Gobi, …?

7. Those are your gloves, …?

8. I am a fool, …?

9. We haven't met before, …?

10. He has never been to Jamaica, … ?

11. The Browns will never sell their house, ... ?

Exercise 3.Complete the sentences.

1. He can cook well, ... ?

2. You can't buy happiness, ... ?

3. Rob must keep his word, ... ?

4. You mustn't smoke here, …?

5. Let's start working, ... ?

6. Let's not argue, …?

7. Make him take his words back, … ?

8. Don't shout at me, ... ?

9. Nothing ever happens to me, ... ?

10. Everything depends on the situation … ?

11. Everyone will be present at the conference, ... ?

12. Nobody has ever thought about it, ... ?

13. Something should be done to help them, ... ?

14. I used to live in the street, ... ?

15. He never used to drink coffee, ... ?

16. We need a new washing*. machine, … ?

17. You needn't worry about it, ... ?

18. Everyone is informed about it, ... ?

19. Nobody phoned me today, ... ?

20. No one agrees with him, ... ?

Exercise 4.Translate the following sentences.

1. - Кто он такой? - Это Денис, мой друг.

2. -Чем он занимается? - Он врач.

3. Где ваш сын проводит вечера?

4. - Это ваша собака? - Нет. - А чья она? - Никто не знает.

5. Кто из вас говорит по-испански?

6. Во сколько вы заканчиваете работу? Вы никогда не приходите домой рано, не так ли?

7. В этом году немного фруктов, не так ли?

Exercise 5.Comment on the use of Future Perfect

1. We shall have left by the time you arrive.

2. They will have repaired your car by then.

3. The decorator will have painted the room by Tuesday.

4. I'll already have done the work by the time you come back.

5. I still won't have finished reading the book by four o'clock.

6. He will have left by now.

7. Will you have written the essay by tomorrow?

8. We shall have arranged everything by that time.

Exercise 6.Translate the following sentences.

1. Завтра к двум часам мы уже сдадим все экзамены.

2. К тому времени, как вы вернетесь, я уже уеду.

3. Если вы позвоните в восемь часов, то они еще не приедут.

4. Они надеются, что отремонтируют квартиру к осени.

5. Мы напишем статью к утру, но мы не закончим иллюстрации.