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Приложения

Приложение 1

Упражнения и приемы работы с реалиями

1. При работе с текстом лингвострановедческие реалии записываються учащимися. Например, при работе с текстом "London Streets and Their Names" дается задание

Read the text and write in your "Linguistic and Cultural Passport” the information about:

Piccadilly Circus

Charing Cross

Charing Cross Railway Station

Soho

London Streets and Their Names

Names of streets and districts are often connected with the history of the country and the city.

But very often names of streets are so old and so changed that only few people know how this or that street got its name.

People, who read books by English writers, listen to the radio, see English films, can't help knowing such names as Trafalgar Square, Soho, Piccadilly, Charing Cross, etc.

Let's begin with Piccadilly Circus. It is a fine square which has seen much history over the centuries. For generations Piccadilly has been the heart of London. Nowadays it is such a focal place that on special occasions, such as the Coronation or on New Year's Eve, as many as 50,000 people gather actually.

Actually it immortalized a man who is now forgotten. The man was a tailor who grew rich by making high collars called "piccadillies”. He build a grand house which he called the Piccadilla Hall, and the name, slightly changed, has lived on.

Charing Cross is one of the oldest spots in London. Once there was a small village in that place. The villagers were charing wood, making charcoal of it. That is why the village was named Charing. Centuries ago, an English Queen died outside London. Her husband wanted her body to be taken to Westminster Abbey and buried there. At every place where the funeral procession stopped, a wooden cross was erected. The last place was at Charing and since then the place has been called Charing Cross.

A reproduction of that last cross can be seen at the entrance to Charing Cross Railway Station. Nowadays Charing Cross is known by its book-shops where one can buy books in different languages and of new and old editions.

No one, however, can explain "Soho” convincingly. The legend goes that in the old days there used to be green fields there and people around went foxhunting a great deal. When a hunter saw a fox, he called to the dogs "So-Ho”, "So-Ho”! Now Soho is the district where one can see people of different types and hear them speak the different languages. It is famous for its different restaurants.

There are some short streets in Soho in which six or seven restaurants of different ethnic cuisine stand one after another in a line. One can have breakfast in a Greek restaurant, dinner in an Italian and supper in an American. These are only a few examples, but all London's long past history can be told by its streets and names.

(Из книги: A. A. Ionina, A. S. Saakyan How Articles Work in English. - М.: "Менеджер", 2002. - 304 с.)

What is it?	Vocabulary	What can we say about it?
Square in London	Piccadilly Circus*	Piccadilly Circus has seen much history over the centuries. For generations Piccadilly has been the heart of London.
Place in London	Charing Cross*	Charing Cross is one of the oldest spots in London. Charing Cross is known by its book-shops.
Railway station in London	Charing Cross Railway Station*	Charing Cross Railway Station is situated in Charing Cross.
District in London	Soho*	In Soho one can see people of different types and hear them speak the different languages. Soho is famous for its different restaurants.

2. На уроке проводится работа с текстом "Easter in Australia”.

Easter in Australia

There are people from many different cultures in Australia so Easter is celebrated in a variety of ways. The main day of celebration of families of AngloIrish backgrounds is Easter Sunday. Some people go to church and have hot cross buns for breakfast. These are a sweet fruit bun, which may have a cross on top. Children exchange Easter eggs, which are usually made of chocolate. Some are now made from sugar and have little toys inside. The chocolate eggs are available in an egg shape, from tiny little ones to giant ones, some chocolate eggs are also in the shape of cheeky looking rabbits. In recent years Easter bilbys have also been made. The bilby is a native animal in Australia, which is an endangered species. Chocolate manufacturers decided to make Easter bilbys and give some of their profits to help protect these animals from extinction. Children don't worry about the shape. They just love the chocolate! Many families have an Easter hunt in their homes or gardens to see who can find the most eggs on Easter Sunday morning. They then share a meal with their relatives. Traditionally this has consisted of roast lamb, beef or chicken with roasted vegetables like potatoes, carrots, pumpkin and beans, peas, or broccoli. There is a huge variation in the sorts of foods people may eat from seafood or lasagna, to salads and barbecues. One dessert that is popular at family celebrations in Australia is the Pavlova. It is made out of egg whites and sugar.

Easter is a time when a lot of Australian families go away on holidays, as it is late summer or early autumn. Some go to the beach others to the mountains. Some people camp in tents others stay in their holiday houses or rent one, or stay in hotels or motels. Most shops are closed from Good Friday to Easter Monday except those in holiday towns.

После чтения текста предлагаются следующие задания:

Look at the text again and match the names and the descriptions (описания).

1. Easter Sunday	a. Some chocolate eggs may be in the shape of it.
2. cross bun	b. The popular dessert in Australia which is madeof egg whites and sugar.
3. Easter eggs	c. They are usually made of chocolate.
4. cheeky looking rabbit	d. Many shops on Easter celebration are closed from this day.
5. bilby	e. Many families have it on Easter Sunday morning in order to see who can find the most eggs.
6. Easter hunt	f. The native animal in Australia, which is an endangered species.
7. lasagna and barbecue	g. Some people may eat this food on Easter.
8. the Pavlova	h. A sweet fruit bun, which may have a cross on top.
9. Good Friday	i. The main day of Easter celebration.

Key: 1i, 2h, 3c, 4a, 5f, 6e, 7g, 8b, 9d.

Fill in the gaps with the words and complete the information.

cheeky looking rabbit, the Pavlova, Easter eggs, lasagna, barbecue, cross buns, Easter hunt, Easter Sunday, Easter bilbys, Good Friday, Easter Monday.

The main day of celebration of families of Anglo-Irish backgrounds is …. Some people go to church and have … for breakfast. Children exchange…, which are usually made of chocolate. The chocolate eggs are available in an egg shape, from tiny little ones to giant ones, some chocolate eggs are also in the shape of …. In recent years … have also been made. Many families have an … in their homes or gardens to see who can find the most eggs on Easter Sunday morning. There is a huge variation in the sorts of foods people may eat from seafood or …, to salads and…. One dessert that is popular at family celebrations in Australia is…. Most shops are closed from … to … except those in holiday towns.

3. В продолжение работы над темой "Holidays” учащимся предлагается текст "Halloween" и следующее упражнение для закрепления реалий, приведенных в нем.

Halloween

Halloween is a festival that takes place on October 31. In the United States children wear costumes and masks and go trick-or treating. Many of them carve jack-o'-lanterns out of pumpkins. Fortunetelling and storytelling about ghosts and witches are popular activities.

Halloween developed from New Year festivals and festivals of the dead.

Christian church established a festival on November 1 called All Saints' Day so that people could continue to celebrate their festivals. The Mass said on All

Saints' Day was called Allhallowmass. The day before All Saints' Day was known all hallows' Eve or All Hallow e'en.

The main Halloween activity for children is trick-or-treating. Children dress in costumes and masks and go from door to door saying "trick or treat”. The neighbors give children such treats as candy, fruit and pennies so that children do not play tricks on them.

Jack-o'-lanterns are hallowed-out pumpkins with face carved into one side. Most jack-o'-lanterns contain a candle inside. An Irish legend says that jack-o'lanterns are named after the man called Jack. He could not enter heaven because he was a miser, and he could not enter hell because he had played jokes on devil. As a result, Jack has to walk on the earth with his lantern until Judgment Day. Fortunetelling is an important part of Halloween. For example, a coin, a ring, and a thimble were baked into a cake. It was believed that the person who found the coin would become wealthy. The one who found the ring would marry soon. And the person who found the thimble would never get married. Today people practice cardreading or palmistry.

People once believed that there were many ghosts and witches on the Earth and that they met on October 31 to worship the devil. Today, people do not believe in ghosts and witches but they like to tell stories about them on Halloween.

What is the English for:

Канун Дня всех святых; Хэллоуин

Выпрашивать угощение

"угощайте, а не то подшутим"

Фонарь

Гадание

День всех святых

Тыквы, пустые внутри

Судный день

4. При работе над темой "School and Schooling" для активизации и закрепления реалий по этой теме предлагаются следующие задания.

1) Match the kinds of schools to the definitions.

1. nursery	a. a school for advanced education, especially in a particular profession
2. kindergarten	b. a school in the US and Canada for children or 14 or 15 to 18 years old
3. primary	c. a school for children aged two to five
4. secondary	d. a school for children who are between three and five years old
5. junior high	e. a school for children between the ages of 11 and 16 or 18
6. high school	f. a school for children between five and 11 years old in England
7. elementary	g. a school in the US and Canada for children aged between 12 and 14 or 15
8. college	h. a school in the US for the first six years of a child's education

Key: 1d, 2c, 3f, 4e, 5g, 6b, 7h, 8a.

2) Match the jobs with their meanings.

1. teacher	a. the teacher who is in charge of a school
2. tutor	b. a teacher at a university or college
3. lecturer	c. someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group
4. professor	d. someone who teaches a sport or practical skill
5. instructor	e. someone whose job is to teach, especially in a school
6. coach	f. someone who gives lectures, especially in a university
7. trainer	g. someone who trains a person or team in a sport
8. head teacher	h. someone who trains people or animals for sport or work

Key: 1e, 2c, 3f, 4b, 5d, 6g, 7h, 8a.

3) Match the words with their meanings.

1. student	a. a student in their last year of high school or university
2. pupil	b. a student who is in the second year of study at a college or high school
3. freshman	c. a student in the first year of high school or university
4. sophomore	d. someone who is studying at a university, school
5. junior	e. someone who is being taught, especially a child
6. senior	f. a student in the year before the final year of high school or college
7. graduate	g. someone who is studying at a university to get a master's degree
8. postgraduate	h. someone who has completed a university degree

Key: 1d, 2e, 3c, 4b, 5f, 6a, 7h, 8g.

4) Write the words teacher, coach, trainer, referee, instructor in the sentences.

1. The ____________ made the athlete train for five hours.

2. The ____________ blew his whistle to start the match.

3. Her brother works as a racehorse ____________.

4. One of the players was sent off for arguing with the ___________.

5. Svetlana's the ___________ of the volleyball team.

6. Do you want to be a professional teacher ___________?

7. She worked as a fitness __________ in Australia.

8. Her dream was to become a primary ___________.

Key:

1. coach;

2. referee;

3. trainer;

4. referee;

5. coach;

6. trainer;

7. instructor;

8. teacher.

5. На уроке "The British Way of Life” вводятся такие реалии, как: The Union Jack, M. P., public school, New Scotland Yard, zebra crossing, Tory, Building Society, G. C. S. E., Trade Union, public convenience.

После отработки данной лексики в ряде упражнений предлагается тест на проверку и закрепление данного материала.

What do British mean when they talk about the following? Circle the correct answer.

For example:

1) The Union Jack is…

a. the central chamber of the Houses of Parliament

b. the flag of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

c. the most valuable prize in a game

2) An M. P. is …

a. a Member of the Police

b. a Master of Political Science

c. a Member of Parliament

3) A public school is …

a. a state school

b. a private school

c. a religious school

4) New Scotland Yard is …

a. the material used to make bagpipes

b. the headquarters of the police in London

c. a measurement of length

5) A zebra crossing is …

a. a place to cross the road safely

b. a television screen for black and white reception

c. a design of two bones used on flags

6. A Tory is …

a. a numbered ticket in a lottery

b. a coin worth Ј2

c. a supporter of the Conservative Party

7. A Building Society is …

a. an organization that preserves historic buildings

b. a business which lends money to buy a house or flat

c. a house joined to the house next door

8. G. C. S. E. is …

a. a system of examinations for school children

b. the national gas and electricity boards

c. the highest award given by the Queen for bravery

9. A Trade Union is…

a. an import export agreement

b. an exhibition of commercial products

c. an organization of workers

10. A public convenience is…

a. a charity

b. a public toilet

c. a pub

Key: 1b, 2c, 3b, 4b, 5a, 6c, 7b, 8a, 9c, 10b.

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